Trivia Quiz: Fitness Nutrition Specialist Certification Test!

Dietary supplements can be taken in various forms, including tablets, liquids, and capsules. These different forms provide options for individuals who may have preferences or difficulties swallowing certain types of supplements. Tablets are solid forms that are typically swallowed whole, while liquids can be consumed directly or mixed with other substances. Capsules are a popular choice as they contain powdered or liquid ingredients enclosed in a gelatin or vegetarian shell. Therefore, the correct answer is that dietary supplements can be taken in all of these forms.

The formation of plaque-like substance on the walls of the cardiovascular system can cause blocking of the natural flow of blood, leading to reduced blood supply to various organs and tissues. This can result in a heart attack or stroke, depending on the affected area. Therefore, all of the options mentioned (blocking of blood flow, heart attack, and stroke) can be caused by the formation of plaque-like substance on the walls of the cardiovascular system.

Complex carbohydrates have a more complex chemical structure compared to simple carbohydrates. They are made up of longer chains of sugar molecules, which take longer to break down during digestion. Simple carbohydrates, on the other hand, have a simpler chemical structure and are made up of shorter chains or single sugar molecules. This difference in chemical structure leads to a difference in the speed of digestion. Complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly, providing a steady release of energy, while simple carbohydrates are digested quickly, leading to a rapid spike in blood sugar levels. Additionally, complex carbohydrates are absorbed more slowly in the body compared to simple carbohydrates.

Thickening of the aortic valve can result in a heart murmur. A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, which is caused by turbulent blood flow. When the aortic valve thickens, it can disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart, leading to turbulent blood flow and the production of a heart murmur. This can be a sign of aortic valve stenosis, a condition where the valve becomes narrowed and obstructs blood flow from the heart.

When an athlete is said to have "hit the wall," it means that they have reached a point of extreme fatigue during physical activity. This term is commonly used in endurance sports such as long-distance running or cycling, where athletes may experience a sudden loss of energy and struggle to continue. It is a state where the body's glycogen stores are depleted, leading to a decrease in performance and a feeling of exhaustion.

Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in humans. The liver stores glycogen as a reserve to maintain blood glucose levels, releasing it when needed. Skeletal muscles store glycogen to provide a local energy source during exercise. Therefore, the correct answer is A & B, as both the liver and skeletal muscles play a significant role in glycogen storage.

Muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis all require energy to occur. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the molecule responsible for providing energy in cells. It is commonly referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell. ATP is produced through processes such as cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to generate ATP. Therefore, ATP is the correct answer as it is the molecule that provides the energy needed for these processes.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms. They act on specific molecules called substrates, and through their catalytic activity, they can convert substrates into different products. While proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are all types of molecules that can serve as substrates for enzymes, the correct answer is "substrates" because enzymes can act on a wide range of substrates, not just limited to proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids.

Decreased HDL cholesterol is not a symptom of a heart murmur. Heart murmurs are abnormal sounds heard during a heartbeat and are typically caused by problems with the heart's valves or chambers. Decreased HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, is associated with metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, and hyperlipidemia.

If the intake of calories is less than the amount of calories burned, it creates a calorie deficit. This means that the body is not getting enough energy from food to meet its needs. In order to compensate for the deficit, the body starts to use stored fat as a source of energy. This leads to fat loss, which is the correct answer.