CDC 3E151P: Trivia Quiz On Heating, Ventilation And Refrigeration!

Commercial and industrial systems with leaks exceeding 35% per year will require repair. This means that if the leaks in these systems exceed 35% of the total volume per year, they will need to be fixed. A leak exceeding this percentage indicates a significant problem that needs to be addressed in order to ensure the proper functioning and efficiency of the systems.

The heat that is picked up in the refrigeration system is rejected at the condenser. The condenser is responsible for transferring heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding environment, causing the refrigerant to condense back into a liquid state. This process releases the heat that was absorbed from the cooled space, allowing the refrigerant to be ready for another cycle of cooling.

R-401A is not a suitable alternative refrigerant for residential air conditioners because it is not compatible with the specific requirements and operating conditions of these cooling systems. It may not provide optimal cooling performance or efficiency, and could potentially cause damage or malfunction in the residential air conditioning units. Therefore, it is important to use a refrigerant that is specifically designed and recommended for residential air conditioners to ensure proper functioning and longevity of the equipment.

Sensible heat refers to the heat that causes a measurable change in temperature without causing a change in the state of the substance. This means that the substance remains in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) while its temperature increases or decreases. Sensible heat can be measured using a thermometer and is commonly used in everyday applications such as heating or cooling systems.

The capillary tube in a system is affected by the refrigerant charge because the refrigerant charge refers to the amount of refrigerant present in the system. If the refrigerant charge is not at the correct level, it can cause issues with the operation of the capillary tube. If there is too much refrigerant, it can lead to excessive pressure and potentially damage the capillary tube. On the other hand, if there is too little refrigerant, it can result in insufficient cooling and reduced efficiency of the capillary tube. Therefore, the refrigerant charge being critical means that it needs to be at the correct level for the capillary tube to function properly.

A sight glass and/or moisture indicator is installed in the liquid line of a refrigeration system. This allows for easy visual inspection of the refrigerant flow and the presence of any moisture in the system. Installing it in the liquid line ensures that it is located after the condenser and receiver, where the refrigerant has been condensed and any moisture should have been removed. This placement allows for accurate monitoring of the refrigerant condition and helps prevent potential issues caused by moisture contamination.

Filter-driers are components in a refrigeration system that are designed to remove contaminants such as acids, sludge, and moisture. However, they are not effective in removing sand particles. Sand can cause damage to the system by clogging valves, blocking refrigerant flow, and causing mechanical wear on components. Therefore, it is important to have additional filters or screens in place to prevent sand from entering the system.

A trunk piston is designed with a hollow space in the center called a trunk, which allows gas to pass through. This type of piston is commonly used in internal combustion engines where the fuel-air mixture is drawn into the combustion chamber through the trunk. The other options, such as plug, plate, and forged pistons, do not have this feature and therefore do not allow gas to pass through.

When absorbed heat is applied to the liquid refrigerant, it causes the refrigerant to boil. This process occurs in the evaporator, which is a major component of a refrigeration system. The evaporator is responsible for absorbing heat from the surrounding environment, such as the air in a room or the contents of a refrigerator. As the absorbed heat is transferred to the refrigerant, it causes the liquid refrigerant to evaporate and turn into a gas. This gas then travels to the compressor, where it is pressurized and further heated before entering the condenser.

The purge unit on a centrifugal machine is designed to remove contaminants from the system, including contaminated oil. It is not designed to remove air, water, or recover refrigerant. The purpose of the purge unit is to ensure that the system operates efficiently by removing any impurities that may affect its performance.

During a retrofit procedure, when polyolester oil is used instead of mineral oil, it is important to ensure that less than 5% of mineral oil remains in the system. This is because the two types of oil are not compatible and can cause issues if they mix. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly flush the system and remove as much mineral oil as possible to avoid any potential problems.

The air intake filters used on air compressors are designed to prevent unnecessary wear. These filters are responsible for trapping dust, debris, and other contaminants present in the air, preventing them from entering the compressor's internal components. By filtering out these particles, the filters help to maintain clean and smooth operation of the compressor, reducing the risk of wear and tear on its parts. This ultimately extends the lifespan of the compressor and ensures optimal performance.

R-717, also known as ammonia, is a colorless refrigerant with a very pronounced odor. Ammonia is commonly used in industrial refrigeration systems due to its excellent thermodynamic properties. However, its strong smell makes it easily detectable in case of leaks, which is an important safety feature.

During retrofitting, when higher discharge pressures are experienced, the high-pressure cutout component may need to be reset. This is because the high-pressure cutout is designed to protect the system from excessive pressure. By resetting it, the cutout can be adjusted to a higher pressure threshold, allowing it to accommodate the increased discharge pressures that occur during retrofitting.

The Baudelot cooler is used exclusively to cool liquids. It is a type of heat exchanger that consists of a bundle of tubes through which the liquid flows, while the cooling medium, usually water, circulates around the tubes. This design allows for efficient heat transfer between the liquid and the cooling medium, effectively cooling the liquid. The other options, tank-type, shell-and-coil, and shell-and-tube, may be used for various cooling applications but are not exclusively designed for cooling liquids.

The ultralow-temperature classification begins at -20*F because this temperature is significantly lower than the other options listed. Ultralow temperatures are defined as extremely cold temperatures that are well below freezing. While 0*F, -5*F, and -10*F are all cold temperatures, they do not meet the criteria for ultralow temperatures. However, -20*F falls well below freezing and is considered to be an ultralow temperature.

The liquid refrigerant is shown on the left side of the pressure-enthalpy (PE) chart. This indicates that the refrigerant is in a liquid state and has a lower pressure and enthalpy compared to other points on the chart. The left side of the chart typically represents the region where the refrigerant is in a condensed state, before it undergoes any phase change.

Forced-convection evaporators are designed to maintain an even temperature throughout the refrigerated space. This type of evaporator uses a fan or blower to circulate air over the evaporator coil, ensuring that the cold air is evenly distributed throughout the space. This helps to prevent hot spots or cold spots in the refrigerated area, providing consistent cooling and maintaining a uniform temperature. Bare-tube and finned-tube evaporators do not have the same level of air circulation, while natural-convection evaporators rely on the natural movement of air, which may not be as effective in maintaining an even temperature.

The side-by-side refrigerator has the biggest freezer compartment compared to the other options. This type of refrigerator has the freezer compartment located on one side and the refrigerator compartment on the other side, with both compartments having equal vertical space. This design allows for a larger freezer compartment, making it the best option for those who require more freezer storage.

The connecting point of a cascade system is a condenser-evaporator. In a cascade system, two separate refrigeration cycles are used, with one cycle operating at a lower temperature than the other. The condenser-evaporator acts as a heat exchanger, transferring heat from the low-temperature cycle to the high-temperature cycle. This allows for efficient cooling at very low temperatures, making cascade systems ideal for applications such as ultra-low temperature freezers and cryogenic systems.

A scroll compressor uses an orbiting motion for compression. In a scroll compressor, two spiral-shaped scrolls are used, one fixed and one orbiting. The orbiting scroll moves in a circular motion, creating a series of gas pockets that gradually decrease in size, compressing the gas. This design allows for smooth and efficient compression without the need for valves or pistons, making scroll compressors popular for applications requiring quiet operation and high efficiency.

R-401A and B are described as hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based alternatives. This means that they are alternatives that use HFCs as their main components. HFCs are a type of synthetic refrigerant that do not contain chlorine, making them less harmful to the ozone layer compared to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). HFC-based alternatives are commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems as a more environmentally friendly option.

A shell-and-tube water-cooled condenser has removable heads that allow the tubes to be cleaned out with a revolving brush. This design allows for easy maintenance and cleaning of the condenser tubes, ensuring efficient heat transfer and preventing any blockages or build-up of debris. The removable heads provide access to the tubes, allowing for thorough cleaning and maintenance to keep the condenser operating effectively.

An air-compressor that requires constant control would mean that it needs to be started and stopped frequently throughout the hour. The higher the number of starts per hour, the more frequently the compressor would need to be controlled. Therefore, out of the given options, 13 air-compressor starts per hour would require constant control.

Eliminator baffles are used in the economizer of a centrifugal machine to prevent liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor. These baffles help separate the liquid refrigerant from the vapor refrigerant, allowing only the vapor to enter the compressor. By preventing liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor, the eliminator baffles help maintain the efficiency and performance of the centrifugal machine.

When two or more compressors are piped in series to one another, it is called compounding. This means that the output of one compressor is fed into the input of the next compressor, resulting in a cumulative increase in pressure. This method is often used to achieve higher levels of compression in industrial processes or applications where a single compressor may not be sufficient.

Saturating the coils with warm water cannot add humidity to the air during equipment cooling because the warm water will not evaporate into the air. In order to add humidity to the air, water needs to evaporate, and this cannot happen if the coils are already saturated with warm water.

In a refrigeration system, a pressure change takes place in the compressor and metering device. The compressor is responsible for increasing the pressure of the refrigerant gas, while the metering device is responsible for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant as it enters the evaporator. This pressure change is essential for the refrigeration cycle to work effectively, as it allows the refrigerant to absorb heat in the evaporator and release it in the condenser.

R-507 is a patented azeotrope that can be used as an alternative replacement for R-502. Azeotropes are mixtures of two or more substances that behave like a single substance, meaning they have a constant boiling point and composition. R-507 is a blend of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that has been specifically formulated to mimic the properties of R-502, making it a suitable replacement for this refrigerant.

A high-pressure safety switch is designed to open its contacts when the pressure rises above a certain threshold. This is done to prevent damage or unsafe conditions that may occur at high pressures. Therefore, the contacts of a high-pressure safety switch open on a rise in pressure.

Performing an operational check on operating HVAC/R systems involves testing and verifying the functionality and performance of the system. This includes checking the temperature, pressure, airflow, and other parameters to ensure that the system is operating correctly. It helps identify any issues or malfunctions that may be affecting the system's performance and allows for timely repairs or adjustments to be made. Performing an operational check is an essential maintenance action to ensure the efficient and reliable operation of HVAC/R systems.

A horizontal plate ice-machine evaporator produces a slab of ice that is moved onto a hot wire grid. The horizontal plate evaporator consists of a flat, horizontal surface that is cooled by a refrigerant. Water is sprayed onto the surface, where it freezes and forms a slab of ice. This slab is then moved onto a hot wire grid, where the ice is melted and removed from the evaporator. This type of evaporator is commonly used in ice-making machines that produce large quantities of ice for commercial purposes.

The factor that is not part of the known factors for using a pressure-temperature (PT) chart is the humidity level. A PT chart is used to determine the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a refrigerant, which helps in troubleshooting and diagnosing issues in refrigeration systems. The ambient temperature, type of refrigerant, and vapor pressure are all important factors that need to be considered when using a PT chart, but the humidity level does not have a direct impact on the pressure and temperature relationship.

During the defrost cycle, the heat pump system temporarily stops operating in the cooling cycle to prevent the outdoor unit from freezing. This is necessary because when the outdoor temperature drops below a certain point, ice can accumulate on the outdoor coil, reducing the system's efficiency. To remove the ice, the heat pump switches to the defrost mode, where it temporarily reverses the refrigerant flow, allowing the outdoor coil to warm up and melt the ice. During this time, the system does not keep temperatures constant as it focuses on defrosting the outdoor unit.

A multiple-compressor system offers several advantages, such as partial operation in case of failure of one unit, economy of operation at low loads, and control of refrigeration effect. However, lower humidity levels are not considered an advantage of a multiple-compressor system. This means that a multiple-compressor system does not have the capability to effectively reduce humidity levels in the environment.

The correct answer is 50. This means that approximately 50 percent of the evaporator tubing bundle is covered by the normal refrigerant charge in the centrifugal machine.

The correct answer is cell type. A cell type ice-machine evaporator operates underwater. This type of evaporator consists of individual cells that are submerged in water. These cells freeze the water to form ice and then release the ice into a storage bin. This design allows for efficient cooling and ice production.

Passive recovery is not authorized on systems that contain over 15 pounds of refrigerant. This means that for systems with a refrigerant quantity exceeding 15 pounds, a different method of recovery must be used instead of passive recovery.

The correct answer is "Suction to compressor." This means that the refrigerant vapor travels from the suction line to the compressor after leaving the evaporator. The suction line is responsible for carrying the low-pressure vapor from the evaporator to the compressor, where it is compressed and then sent to the condenser.

Before using a pressure-temperature (PT) chart, the condition that must exist is that the substance being analyzed must be in a saturated state. A saturated state means that the substance is in equilibrium with both its liquid and vapor phases at a specific temperature and pressure. This is important because the PT chart provides information about the relationship between pressure and temperature for a substance in its saturated state, allowing for accurate analysis and calculations.

A refillable cylinder can be refilled with a maximum of 80% of refrigerant. This means that the cylinder should not be filled beyond this percentage to ensure safety and proper functioning. Filling it beyond this limit may cause issues such as overpressure or leakage, which can be dangerous. Therefore, it is important to adhere to the maximum refill percentage to maintain the cylinder's integrity and prevent any potential hazards.

The correct answer is 85*F. In a centrifugal air conditioning system, the temperature of the water entering the condenser should be around 85*F. This is because the condenser is responsible for removing heat from the refrigerant, and the water temperature needs to be high enough to effectively transfer the heat from the refrigerant to the water. If the water temperature is too low, the condenser may not be able to remove enough heat, leading to reduced cooling efficiency. Conversely, if the water temperature is too high, it may cause damage to the condenser or other components of the system.

To regulate the load on a water-cooled condenser, controlling the tower fan is the correct answer. The tower fan helps to control the temperature of the water in the condenser by increasing or decreasing the airflow. By adjusting the speed or turning on/off the tower fan, the load on the condenser can be regulated effectively. Controlling the oil flow, circulating the oil back through the tank, or fully opening the recirculation control valve may have different purposes in the system but are not directly related to regulating the load on the water-cooled condenser.

Evaporator pressure regulating valves can be used in place of thermostats and solenoid valves to control the temperatures in a multiple-temperature, multiple-evaporator system. These valves regulate the pressure in the evaporator, which in turn controls the temperature. By adjusting the pressure, the evaporator pressure regulating valves can effectively control the temperature without the need for traditional thermostats and solenoid valves.

A thermostatic expansion valve with a charged sensing bulb that contains liquid presents the danger of flood-back. This is because the liquid-filled sensing bulb can cause the valve to open too quickly, leading to an excessive flow of refrigerant into the evaporator. This can result in liquid refrigerant entering the compressor, causing damage and potentially leading to flood-back.

The EPR valve on a multi-evaporator system will close when it reaches the cutout temperature point. This means that when the temperature of the evaporator reaches a certain threshold, the EPR valve will shut off the flow of refrigerant to prevent the evaporator from getting too cold. This helps maintain the desired temperature and prevents potential damage to the system.

During the heating cycle on a heat pump, the compressed refrigerant vapor goes into the evaporator. The evaporator is responsible for absorbing heat from the outside air or ground and transferring it to the refrigerant. As the refrigerant evaporates, it absorbs the heat energy, which is then carried to the compressor to be further compressed and released as hot air into the indoor space. Therefore, the evaporator plays a crucial role in the heating process of a heat pump.

When adjusting a hydraulic unloader mechanism, the oil pressure should not excessively fluctuate. This means that the oil pressure should remain relatively stable during the adjustment process. If the oil pressure is fluctuating excessively, it indicates a problem with the unloader mechanism or the hydraulic system. Therefore, the correct answer is that the oil pressure will excessively fluctuate.

A cross type thermostatic expansion valve has a bulb that is charged with fluid that is different from the refrigerant in the system. This design allows for better control and regulation of the refrigerant flow, as the bulb senses the temperature of the refrigerant and adjusts the valve accordingly. By using a different fluid in the bulb, the valve can accurately respond to changes in temperature and maintain the desired level of refrigerant flow.

R-406a can be used to replace R-12 refrigerant. R-12, also known as dichlorodifluoromethane, is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerant that has been phased out due to its harmful effects on the ozone layer. R-406a, also known as azeotropic mixture, is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant that does not harm the ozone layer. It has similar properties to R-12 and can be used as a drop-in replacement in existing systems designed for R-12.

The thermostatic expansion valve is responsible for regulating the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator coil. It maintains the proper amount of superheat by controlling the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator. Superheat is the temperature of the refrigerant vapor above its boiling point, and it ensures that the refrigerant is completely vaporized before leaving the evaporator. By maintaining the proper amount of superheat, the thermostatic expansion valve ensures efficient and effective cooling by preventing liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor, which could cause damage.

Refrigerant R-402A is classified as a ternary blend. A ternary blend refers to a mixture or blend that consists of three different components or substances. In the case of R-402A, it is composed of three refrigerants: R-125, R-134a, and R-22. This combination of refrigerants allows R-402A to have specific properties and characteristics that make it suitable for certain cooling applications.

The reciprocating refrigeration compressor is designed to remove vapor refrigerant from the evaporator and increase the pressure. This is because the compressor plays a crucial role in the refrigeration cycle by compressing the low-pressure vapor refrigerant from the evaporator and raising its pressure. This high-pressure vapor refrigerant is then sent to the condenser where it releases heat and condenses into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Therefore, the compressor's function is to increase the pressure of the vapor refrigerant from the evaporator, not from the condenser or the liquid refrigerant.

Manual condensate drains on an air receiver tank should be checked daily. This is because condensate, which is a mixture of water and oil, can accumulate in the tank and needs to be drained regularly to prevent damage to the tank and the compressed air system. Checking the drains daily ensures that any condensate buildup is promptly removed, maintaining the efficiency and performance of the system. Regular maintenance and monitoring also help to prevent potential issues such as corrosion and contamination.

The compressor off-time defrost method is limited to operating temperatures above 28 degrees because it relies on the compressor being turned off to allow the ice to melt. At temperatures below 28 degrees, the compressor needs to run continuously to maintain the desired temperature inside the display cabinet, making it ineffective for defrosting.

The subcooler is installed in the liquid line before the evaporator in a compound system. This placement allows the subcooler to cool down the liquid refrigerant before it enters the evaporator. By cooling the refrigerant, the subcooler helps to increase the efficiency of the evaporator and improve the overall performance of the system.

The hydraulic cylinder unloader mechanism is designed to unload the cylinder by holding the suction valve open. This means that the suction valve remains open, allowing fluid to flow into the cylinder and relieve pressure. By keeping the suction valve open, the unloader mechanism prevents the cylinder from building up excessive pressure, ensuring safe and efficient operation.

In a multi-evaporator system, when solenoid valves are used in the suction line, an accumulator must be installed as an accessory. An accumulator is a device that is used to collect and store excess refrigerant and oil from the evaporator. It helps to prevent liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor, which can cause damage. The accumulator also helps to ensure proper oil return to the compressor and maintains the efficiency of the system. Therefore, installing an accumulator is necessary when solenoid valves are used in the suction line of a multi-evaporator system.

The hot-wire defrosting method has the advantage of not being affected by changes in ambient temperature. This is because the hot-wire method uses an electrically heated wire to melt the ice on the display cabinet, rather than relying on external factors like gas or water. The hot-wire method provides more control over the defrosting process and ensures that it can be carried out consistently regardless of the surrounding temperature conditions.

A heat exchanger is added to the cascade system to increase its efficiency. A heat exchanger helps in transferring heat from one fluid to another, without them coming into direct contact. In a cascade system, the heat exchanger improves efficiency by transferring heat between the refrigerant in the high-stage and low-stage systems, allowing for better heat exchange and reducing energy consumption. This helps in optimizing the cooling process and improving overall system performance.

The latent heat line is shown as horizontal on the pressure-enthalpy (PE) chart. This means that during a phase change, such as the transition from liquid to vapor, the enthalpy remains constant while the pressure changes. The horizontal orientation of the line indicates that the heat energy is being absorbed or released without any change in enthalpy, which is a characteristic of latent heat.

Air compressors with operating pressures above 200 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) are required to have a hydrostatic test every three years. This test is necessary to ensure the safety and integrity of the compressor. By subjecting the compressor to a hydrostatic test, any potential weaknesses or defects in the equipment can be identified and addressed before they lead to a failure or accident. Regular testing helps to maintain the reliability and efficiency of the compressor, ensuring that it continues to operate safely and effectively.

The correct answer is "inside" because the question is asking about the location of the refrigerant change of state on the pressure-enthalpy (PE) chart. The change of state refers to the transition between liquid and vapor phases of the refrigerant. On the PE chart, this transition occurs within the boundaries of the curve, indicating that it takes place "inside" the curve.

A low-pressure motor control is designed to cut in on a rise in pressure and cut out on a drop in pressure. This means that when the pressure drops below a certain threshold, the motor control will activate and start the motor, and when the pressure rises above a certain threshold, the motor control will deactivate and stop the motor. This control is typically used in systems where maintaining a specific pressure is critical, such as in HVAC systems or industrial processes.

The retrofitted air-conditioning system still has the original capillary tube installed and is undercharged with R-401A. This configuration suggests that the system is designed to operate under relatively constant ambient conditions. The capillary tube is a fixed restriction device that controls the flow of refrigerant, and it is not designed to handle fluctuating load or ambient conditions. Additionally, the undercharging of refrigerant can affect the system's performance and efficiency, making it more suitable for relatively constant conditions where the load and ambient conditions remain relatively stable.

When plotting points on a pressure-enthalpy (PE) chart for an operating refrigeration system, it allows us to analyze and understand various aspects of the system's performance. However, the chart does not provide information about the amount of flash gas present in the system. Flash gas refers to the vaporization of refrigerant that occurs when its pressure drops below its saturation pressure. This phenomenon is not represented on a PE chart, making it unable to show the amount of flash gas.

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In a heat exchanger, the heat that is transferred comes from the liquid line. This is because the liquid line carries the refrigerant in its liquid state, which has a higher temperature compared to the other lines. As the liquid refrigerant flows through the heat exchanger, it releases heat to the surrounding environment, thereby transferring the heat.

Air filters used on air compressors should be checked and cleaned on a weekly basis. This is because air filters play a crucial role in maintaining the efficiency and performance of the compressor. Regular cleaning ensures that the filters are free from dust, debris, and other contaminants that can clog the system and reduce airflow. By checking and cleaning the filters weekly, any potential issues can be identified and resolved promptly, preventing further damage to the compressor and ensuring optimal operation.

Air-compressor receiver tanks should be inspected every two years. This is because regular inspections are necessary to ensure the safety and efficiency of the tanks. By inspecting the tanks every two years, any potential issues or defects can be identified and addressed in a timely manner. This helps to prevent accidents, maintain proper functioning of the tanks, and prolong their lifespan. Additionally, regular inspections also help to comply with safety regulations and standards.

The oil-pressure safety control is designed to operate from a pressure differential of the system. This control is responsible for monitoring the oil pressure in a system and ensuring it stays within safe limits. If the pressure drops below or exceeds the specified range, the safety control will activate and trigger an alarm or shut down the system to prevent any damage or accidents.

The safety devices used on air compressors should be checked annually to ensure their proper functioning and to prevent any potential accidents or malfunctions. Regular inspections allow for timely identification of any issues or wear and tear that may have occurred over time. By conducting annual checks, any necessary repairs or replacements can be made, ensuring the continued safe operation of the air compressor.

Shell-and-coil coolers are generally used in common water coolers. This type of cooler consists of a coil inside a shell. The water flows through the coil, while the cooling medium, usually air, circulates around the coil inside the shell. This design allows for efficient heat transfer between the water and the cooling medium, resulting in effective cooling of the water. Shell-and-coil coolers are commonly used in water coolers due to their compact size, high heat transfer efficiency, and ease of maintenance.

A low-pressure motor control can be used to control a single-temperature, multiple-evaporator system. This control helps regulate the pressure within the system, which in turn controls the temperature. By adjusting the motor control, the system can maintain the desired temperature by controlling the evaporation process. This allows for precise temperature control in each evaporator, ensuring that the system operates efficiently and effectively.