1.
What is an element?
Correct Answer
A. Something in the atomic table
Explanation
An element refers to a substance composed of atoms that have the same number of protons in their atomic nucleus. These atoms are organized in the periodic table based on their atomic number. Each element has unique properties and characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is "Something in the atomic table."
2.
What is a compound?
Correct Answer
A. Many atoms bonded together
Explanation
A compound is a substance composed of atoms that are bonded together. In other words, it is formed when many atoms come together and chemically combine with each other. This bonding between atoms gives compounds their unique properties and allows them to exist as distinct substances. Therefore, the answer "Many atoms bonded together" accurately describes the composition of a compound.
3.
A proton is positively charged.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A proton is positively charged because it contains a single positive charge. Protons are one of the fundamental particles that make up atoms, along with neutrons and electrons. While neutrons have no charge and electrons have a negative charge, protons have a positive charge. This positive charge is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the negative charge of an electron. Therefore, protons are positively charged particles.
4.
A Neutron is negetively charged.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Neutrons are electrically neutral particles, meaning they do not have a positive or negative charge. They have a mass similar to protons, but do not carry any charge. Therefore, the statement that "A neutron is negatively charged" is incorrect.
5.
An electron has a neutral charge
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
An electron has a negative charge, not a neutral charge. Electrons are one of the fundamental particles that make up an atom, and they are negatively charged. The opposite of a neutral charge would be a positive charge, which is not the case for an electron.
6.
An atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement is true because it accurately describes the basic structure of an atom. An atom is composed of a central nucleus, which contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. This nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons, which orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. This model of the atom, known as the planetary model or the Bohr model, is widely accepted in chemistry and physics.
7.
An isotope has the same number of neutrons, protons and electrons.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. While they have the same number of protons and electrons, the number of neutrons can vary. Therefore, the statement that an isotope has the same number of neutrons, protons, and electrons is false.
8.
What is a non-polar bond?
Correct Answer
C. Equal sharing of electrons
Explanation
A non-polar bond refers to a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms. In this type of bond, the electronegativity of both atoms is the same or very similar, resulting in an equal distribution of electrons. This equal sharing of electrons creates a balanced charge distribution, making the bond non-polar. Non-polar bonds are commonly found in molecules such as diatomic gases like oxygen (O2) or nitrogen (N2), where the atoms have the same electronegativity and therefore share electrons equally.
9.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Correct Answer
B. Weak bond using hydrogen
Explanation
A hydrogen bond is a weak bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom is attracted to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. This attraction is due to the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms, causing a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on the electronegative atom. The hydrogen bond is weaker than covalent or ionic bonds, but it is still important in many biological and chemical processes.
10.
A peptide bond is a bond between a carboxyl and an amine group.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A peptide bond is formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amine group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond. This bond is crucial in the formation of proteins, as it links together the individual amino acids in a chain-like structure. Therefore, the statement that a peptide bond is a bond between a carboxyl and an amine group is correct.
11.
Which of these are monosaccharides?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Glucose
C. Fructose
E. Glactose
Explanation
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. They are the building blocks for more complex carbohydrates like starch and chitin. Starch, lipids, and chitin are not monosaccharides.
12.
A monomer is something that can be bonded with other monomers to form polymers.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A monomer is a molecule that has the ability to chemically bond with other monomers to form a larger molecule called a polymer. This process is known as polymerization. Therefore, the statement "A monomer is something that can be bonded with other monomers to form polymers" is true. Monomers are the building blocks of polymers and can be joined together through various types of chemical bonds, such as covalent bonds, to create complex macromolecules with unique properties and functions.
13.
Which of these describe DNA
Correct Answer(s)
A. Structure = Double Helix
C. N-base = Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
F. Sugar = deoxyribose
H. Function-genetic code
Explanation
DNA is a molecule that contains genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. Its structure is a double helix, which means it consists of two strands that are twisted around each other. The nucleotide bases in DNA are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. The sugar component in DNA is deoxyribose. One of the main functions of DNA is to serve as the genetic code, carrying information that determines the traits and characteristics of an organism.
14.
An ionic bond is a bond between two opposite charges. Cation to anion
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
An ionic bond is formed when there is a transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. The positively charged ion is called a cation, and the negatively charged ion is called an anion. Therefore, an ionic bond is indeed a bond between two opposite charges, specifically a cation and an anion.
15.
A bond between a two sugar groups and a phosphate group is a ____________.
Correct Answer
Phosphodiester bond
Explanation
A phosphodiester bond is a type of chemical bond that connects a phosphate group to two sugar groups. It is formed through a condensation reaction, where a phosphate group reacts with hydroxyl groups on the sugar molecules, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond. This type of bond is commonly found in nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, where it plays a crucial role in connecting nucleotides together to form the backbone of the molecule.
16.
A covalent bond joining two amino acids is a __________.
Correct Answer
Peptide bond
Explanation
A peptide bond is formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the release of a water molecule. This type of covalent bond is essential for the formation of proteins, as it links amino acids together in a chain-like structure. The peptide bond is characterized by its stability and rigidity, which allows proteins to maintain their specific three-dimensional structures and carry out their biological functions.
17.
The bonding between fatty acids and glycerol is a ___________.
Correct Answer
Ester linkage
Explanation
The bonding between fatty acids and glycerol is called an ester linkage. This type of linkage occurs when a hydroxyl group of glycerol reacts with a carboxyl group of a fatty acid, resulting in the formation of an ester bond. This ester bond is important in the formation of triglycerides, which are the main components of fats and oils.
18.
Two examples of structural componants are _________ and ___________.
Correct Answer
Cellulose, Chitin
Explanation
Cellulose and chitin are both examples of structural components. Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, providing strength and rigidity to the cell. Chitin, on the other hand, is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans. It also provides structural support and protection.
19.
Two examples that help in cell energy storage are _________ and __________.
Correct Answer
Starch, Glycogen
Explanation
Starch and glycogen are both examples of polysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates. These molecules are used by cells to store energy. Starch is the main energy storage molecule in plants, while glycogen is the main energy storage molecule in animals. Both starch and glycogen are made up of glucose units, which can be broken down and used by cells to produce ATP, the main energy currency of cells. Therefore, these examples demonstrate how cells can store energy in the form of complex carbohydrates.
20.
The type of chemical linkage between the monosaccharide units of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, which is formed by the removal of a molecule of water is a ___________.
Correct Answer
1-4 Glycosidic Linkage
Explanation
A 1-4 glycosidic linkage is a type of chemical bond that forms between the monosaccharide units of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. This linkage is formed by the removal of a molecule of water. In a 1-4 glycosidic linkage, the carbon atom at position 1 of one monosaccharide is bonded to the carbon atom at position 4 of another monosaccharide. This type of linkage is important for the formation of complex carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose, which play key roles in energy storage and structural support in living organisms.
21.
An H2O bond that does not have equal sharing is a __________.
Correct Answer
Polar bond
Explanation
A polar bond is formed when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms in a molecule. This occurs when one atom has a higher electronegativity than the other, causing it to attract the shared electrons more strongly. As a result, the electron density is shifted towards the more electronegative atom, creating partial positive and negative charges. Therefore, a polar bond is characterized by an uneven distribution of electron density, leading to a separation of charges and the formation of a dipole moment.
22.
When you get hungry you eat. That is an example of ___________.
Correct Answer
Response to stimuli
Explanation
The given correct answer, "Response to stimuli," accurately explains the scenario where hunger triggers the action of eating. Hunger is a stimulus that prompts the body to respond by seeking food. This response to the stimulus of hunger is a natural and instinctive reaction in order to satisfy the body's need for nourishment.
23.
The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal condition, usually by a system of feedback control, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions is ______________.
Correct Answer
Homeostasis
Explanation
Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or a cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external conditions. This is achieved through a system of feedback control mechanisms that regulate various physiological processes. By maintaining homeostasis, organisms are able to ensure optimal health and functioning, allowing them to adapt and survive in different environments.
24.
Check all the prokaryotic characteristics.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Has no nucleus
D. Cells lack some organelles
E. Is unicellular
G. Cells reproduce using binary fission
Explanation
Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus, which means their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus. They also lack some organelles that are present in eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Prokaryotes are typically unicellular organisms, meaning they exist as single cells. They reproduce through a process called binary fission, in which the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Therefore, the characteristics listed in the answer - has no nucleus, cells lack some organelles, is unicellular, and cells reproduce using binary fission - accurately describe prokaryotic cells.
25.
Check all the eukariotic characteristics.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Has a nucleus
C. Has all organelles
F. Often multicellular
H. Cells divide using mitosis and meiosis
Explanation
The correct answer choices for this question are "has a nucleus," "has all organelles," "often multicellular," and "cells divide using mitosis and meiosis." These characteristics are all associated with eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus that houses their genetic material, they possess various organelles that carry out specific functions, they are often found in multicellular organisms, and their cells divide through the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
26.
____________ is used in translation and are found on the endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer(s)
Ribosomes
Explanation
Ribosomes are used in translation, which is the process of protein synthesis. They are found on the endoplasmic reticulum, a network of membranes within the cell. Ribosomes play a crucial role in translating the genetic information from mRNA into proteins. They are responsible for the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains, which eventually fold into functional proteins. Therefore, ribosomes are essential components in protein synthesis and are located on the endoplasmic reticulum to facilitate the production of proteins that are destined for secretion or incorporation into the cell membrane.
27.
________ ______________ ______________ bears many ribosomes on its outer surface giving it a rough appearance; hence, its name. Since it has ribosomes attached to its surface it is therefore involved in synthesis and secretion
Correct Answer(s)
RER
ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation
The correct answer is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) or Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). The rough appearance of the organelle is due to the presence of ribosomes on its outer surface. This indicates that it is involved in protein synthesis and secretion. The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of membranes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, involved in various cellular processes including protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The rough endoplasmic reticulum specifically refers to the portion of the ER that has ribosomes attached to its surface.
28.
________ _____________ _____________ does not have ribosomes on its surface. Its functions include synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates and calcium concentration, drugs detoxification, and attachment of receptor on cell membrane protein. It is also involved in intracellular transport, such as the transport of the products of the RER to other cell parts like golgi apparatus.
Correct Answer(s)
SER
ER
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation
The correct answer is Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes on its surface, unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Its functions include synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, calcium concentration, drugs detoxification, and attachment of receptor on cell membrane protein. It is also involved in intracellular transport, such as the transport of the products of the RER to other cell parts like the golgi apparatus.
29.
___________ is a spherical or rod-shaped organelles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, and are referred to as the “powerhouse of the cell since they act as the site for the production of high-energy compounds (e.g. ATP), which are vital energy source for several cellular processes.
Correct Answer(s)
mitochondria
Explanation
Mitochondria are organelles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They are known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are responsible for producing high-energy compounds, such as ATP, which are essential for various cellular processes.
30.
_____ _________ is used for the movement of mpolecules and making proteins more complex.
Correct Answer(s)
Golgi apparatus, Golgi body
Explanation
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi body, is responsible for the movement of molecules and the modification of proteins, making them more complex. It is a cellular organelle that receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding sugars, lipids, or other molecules. The Golgi apparatus then packages these modified molecules into vesicles, which can be transported to other parts of the cell or secreted outside. Therefore, the Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the post-translational modification and sorting of proteins within the cell.
31.
____________ are used for photosynthesis
Correct Answer(s)
chloroplasts, chloroplast
Explanation
Chloroplasts and chloroplast are used for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the organelles found in the cells of plants and algae that are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into energy. Chloroplast is the singular form of chloroplasts. Both chloroplasts and chloroplast play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis, where they convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
32.
The ___ ____ is used in active transport to pump ions through the cell.
Correct Answer(s)
ion pump, ion pumps
Explanation
The phrase "ion pump" refers to a specific type of mechanism used in active transport to move ions across the cell membrane. This process requires energy and is carried out by specialized proteins known as ion pumps. These pumps actively transport ions against their concentration gradient, ensuring proper ion balance and facilitating various cellular functions. Therefore, the correct answer is "ion pump, ion pumps."
33.
___________ is when to molecules are transported at the same place in the cell and at the same time. This is used during active transport.
Correct Answer(s)
cotransport
co-transport
co-transportation
Explanation
Cotransport, co-transport, or co-transportation refers to the process where two molecules are simultaneously transported to the same location within a cell. This mechanism is utilized during active transport, which requires the expenditure of energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient. The term "cotransport" can be used interchangeably with "co-transport" or "co-transportation" to describe this phenomenon.
34.
Facultative diffusion uses proteins to ...
Correct Answer
C. Aid in diffusion through the cell
Explanation
Facultative diffusion refers to the process in which proteins assist in the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. These proteins act as channels or carriers, facilitating the diffusion of substances through the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "aid in diffusion through the cell."
35.
Diffusion is the transportation of molecules from low concentration to high concentration.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Diffusion is actually the transportation of molecules from high concentration to low concentration, not the other way around. It is a passive process that occurs due to the random movement of molecules.
36.
A hypotonic solution has less dissolved material in a solution.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A hypotonic solution is characterized by having a lower concentration of dissolved solutes compared to another solution. This means that there is a higher concentration of water molecules in the hypotonic solution. As a result, when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move into the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to swell or potentially burst. Therefore, the statement "A hypotonic solution has less dissolved material in a solution" is true.
37.
A hypertonic solution has less dissolved material in a solution.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
A hypertonic solution actually has more dissolved material in a solution, not less. In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes is higher compared to another solution, causing water to move out of the cell and into the surrounding solution through osmosis. This leads to cell shrinkage. Therefore, the statement provided in the question is incorrect.
38.
An isotonic solution has an equal ammount of dissolved material.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of dissolved solutes is the same as the concentration inside the cells or tissues with which it is being compared. This means that there is an equal amount of dissolved material in the solution as there is inside the cells or tissues. Therefore, the statement "an isotonic solution has an equal amount of dissolved material" is true.
39.
The diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membran from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Correct Answer
Osmosis
Ososis
Explanation
Osmosis is the correct answer. Osmosis refers to the process of solvent molecules, typically water, moving across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement occurs in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane. The term "ososis" does not exist and is likely a typo or misspelling.
40.
A kind of transport where in ions or molecules move against a concentration gradient, which means mmovement in the direction opposite that of diffusion is ___________ __________
Correct Answer
Active transport
Active transpot
Explanation
Active transport is a type of transport where ions or molecules move against a concentration gradient, which means movement in the direction opposite that of diffusion. It requires the expenditure of energy by the cell to transport substances across the cell membrane. This process is essential for maintaining proper concentrations of ions and molecules inside the cell and is responsible for the uptake of nutrients and the removal of waste products. Therefore, the correct answer is Active transport.
41.
Converting energy into glucose using sunlight.
Correct Answer
photosynthesis
42.
The formula for photosynthesis is ______-->_______ (glucose-->sunlight)
Correct Answer
C6H12O6+6O2-->6H2O+6CO2+ATP
Explanation
The given formula represents the process of photosynthesis, where glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are converted into water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) with the help of sunlight. This equation shows the overall chemical reaction that occurs during photosynthesis in plants, where carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere and converted into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. ATP is also produced during this process and serves as the main energy source for various cellular activities in plants.
43.
________ use O2 to make PGA and CO2 (calvin cycle)
Correct Answer
C3
C3 plant
C3 plants
Explanation
C3, C3 plant, and C3 plants are all correct answers because they all refer to the same concept. C3 plants are a type of plants that use the C3 pathway in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide and produce PGA (phosphoglycerate) as an intermediate product. This process occurs in the mesophyll cells of the plant's leaves. The C3 pathway is the most common pathway used by plants for photosynthesis.
44.
O Stored CO2 is added to PEP
o Makes malate (stored in mesophyll)
o When env. improves, CO2 is released into Calvin cycle
o PEP is reused
What am I ?
Correct Answer
C4
C4 plant
C4 plants
Explanation
C4, C4 plant, and C4 plants are the correct answers because they all refer to a type of photosynthetic pathway found in certain plants. These plants have adapted to hot and dry environments by using an additional step called the C4 pathway to minimize water loss. In this pathway, CO2 is initially fixed into a four-carbon compound called malate, which is stored in mesophyll cells. When the environmental conditions improve, the stored CO2 is released into the Calvin cycle for further processing. This process involves the reuse of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), hence the statement "PEP is reused".
45.
O C fixation at night
o CO2 binds with PEP
o Malate stored until sunlight
o CO2 released
o Pyruvate becomes PEP again
What am I ?
Correct Answer
CAM
CAM plant
CAM plants
Explanation
The given answer options are all related to Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants. CAM plants have a unique adaptation where they fix carbon dioxide (CO2) at night by converting it into organic acids such as malate. These organic acids are stored until sunlight, when they are converted back into CO2 for photosynthesis. This process involves the conversion of malate to pyruvate, which then becomes phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) again. Therefore, the correct answer options all describe different aspects of the CAM plant's carbon fixation and storage mechanisms.
46.
What kind of plant is this?
Correct Answer
A. Pinnate
Explanation
The correct answer is "pinnate." Pinnate refers to a type of leaf arrangement where multiple leaflets are arranged on either side of a central axis, resembling the shape of a feather. This type of leaf arrangement is commonly found in plants like ferns, roses, and acacias.
47.
O One cotyledon
o Multiples of 3 flower parts
o Parallel leaf venation
o Scattered vascular bundles
o Fibrous root system
What am I?
Correct Answer
Monocot, Monocot plant
Explanation
The given characteristics of one cotyledon, multiples of 3 flower parts, parallel leaf venation, scattered vascular bundles, and fibrous root system are all traits commonly found in monocots. Monocots are a type of flowering plant that have one seed leaf, flower parts in multiples of three, parallel veins in their leaves, scattered vascular bundles in their stems, and a fibrous root system. Therefore, the correct answer is monocot or monocot plant.
48.
O 2 cotyledons
o 2, 4, 5 flower parts
o Net-like leaf venation
o Rings like vascular bundles
o Taproot system
Correct Answer
dicot
dicot plant
Explanation
The given characteristics such as having 2 cotyledons, 2, 4, 5 flower parts, net-like leaf venation, rings like vascular bundles, and a taproot system are all traits commonly found in dicot plants. Therefore, the correct answer is dicot or dicot plant.
49.
What kind of plant is this?
Correct Answer
Monocot, Monocot plant
Explanation
The correct answer is Monocot, Monocot plant. The question is asking about the kind of plant shown in the image. The term "monocot" refers to a type of flowering plant that has a single cotyledon in its seed. Monocots are characterized by having parallel-veined leaves, scattered vascular bundles in their stems, and flower parts in multiples of three. Therefore, the correct answer is Monocot, Monocot plant, as it correctly identifies the plant in the image as a monocotyledonous plant.
50.
Making energy out of glucose.
Who am I ?
Correct Answer
Cell respiration
Cellular respiration
Explanation
Cell respiration and cellular respiration are both correct answers for the question "Making energy out of glucose. Who am I?" These terms refer to the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. During this process, the energy stored in glucose molecules is released and used by the cell to perform various functions. Cell respiration and cellular respiration are interchangeable terms used to describe this important metabolic process.