Acute Abdomen
- 1.
Which of the following are located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)? Check all that apply.
- A.
Liver
- B.
Gallbladder
- C.
Pyloris
- D.
Duodenum
- E.
Pancreas (Head)
- F.
Portion of the right kidney and adrenal gland
- G.
Hepatic flexure of the colon
- H.
Section of ascending and transverse colon
- I.
Left lobe of the liver
- J.
Stomach
- K.
Spleen
- L.
Pancreas (body)
- M.
Portion of left kidney and adrenal gland
- N.
Splenic flexure of the colon
- O.
Section of transverse and descending colon
- P.
Appendix
- Q.
Cecum
- R.
Lower Pole of Right Kidney
- S.
Right ureter
- T.
Right Ovary (female)
- U.
Right Spermatic cord (male)
- V.
Sigmoid colon
- W.
Section of descending colon
- X.
Lower pole of left kidney
- Y.
Left ureter
- Z.
Left Ovary (female)
- .
Left spermatic cord (male)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pyloris
D. Duodenum
E. Pancreas (Head)
F. Portion of the right kidney and adrenal gland
G. Hepatic flexure of the colon
H. Section of ascending and transverse colonExplanation
The right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen is located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity. The structures that are located in this quadrant include the liver, gallbladder, pylorus, duodenum, pancreas (head), portion of the right kidney and adrenal gland, hepatic flexure of the colon, and section of ascending and transverse colon. These structures are all located in the right upper quadrant and are therefore the correct answers.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following are located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ)? Check all that apply.
- A.
Liver
- B.
Gallbladder
- C.
Pyloris
- D.
Duodenum
- E.
Pancreas (Head)
- F.
Portion of the right kidney and adrenal gland
- G.
Hepatic flexure of the colon
- H.
Section of ascending and transverse colon
- I.
Left lobe of the liver
- J.
Stomach
- K.
Spleen
- L.
Pancreas (body)
- M.
Portion of left kidney and adrenal gland
- N.
Splenic flexure of the colon
- O.
Section of transverse and descending colon
- P.
Appendix
- Q.
Cecum
- R.
Lower Pole of Right Kidney
- S.
Right ureter
- T.
Right Ovary (female)
- U.
Right Spermatic cord (male)
- V.
Sigmoid colon
- W.
Lower pole of left kidney
- X.
Left ureter
- Y.
Left Ovary (female)
- Z.
Left spermatic cord (male)
Correct Answer(s)
I. Left lobe of the liver
J. Stomach
K. Spleen
L. Pancreas (body)
M. Portion of left kidney and adrenal gland
N. Splenic flexure of the colon
O. Section of transverse and descending colonExplanation
The left upper quadrant (LUQ) is located in the upper left portion of the abdomen. The organs that are located in the LUQ include the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas (body), portion of the left kidney and adrenal gland, splenic flexure of the colon, and section of the transverse and descending colon. These organs are all situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following are located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)? Check all that apply.
- A.
Liver
- B.
Gallbladder
- C.
Pyloris
- D.
Duodenum
- E.
Pancreas (Head)
- F.
Portion of the right kidney and adrenal gland
- G.
Hepatic flexure of the colon
- H.
Section of ascending and transverse colon
- I.
Left lobe of the liver
- J.
Stomach
- K.
Spleen
- L.
Pancreas (body)
- M.
Portion of left kidney and adrenal gland
- N.
Splenic flexure of the colon
- O.
Section of transverse and descending colon
- P.
Appendix
- Q.
Cecum
- R.
Lower Pole of Right Kidney
- S.
Right ureter
- T.
Right Ovary (female)
- U.
Right Spermatic cord (male)
- V.
Sigmoid colon
- W.
Section of descending colon
- X.
Lower pole of left kidney
- Y.
Left ureter
- Z.
Left Ovary (female)
- .
Left spermatic cord (male)
Correct Answer(s)
P. Appendix
Q. Cecum
R. Lower Pole of Right Kidney
S. Right ureter
T. Right Ovary (female)
U. Right Spermatic cord (male)Explanation
The structures located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) are the appendix, cecum, lower pole of the right kidney, right ureter, right ovary (female), and right spermatic cord (male). These structures are located in the lower right area of the abdomen, which is known as the RLQ.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following are located in the left lower quadrant (LLQ)? Check all that apply.
- A.
Liver
- B.
Gallbladder
- C.
Pyloris
- D.
Duodenum
- E.
Pancreas (Head)
- F.
Portion of the right kidney and adrenal gland
- G.
Hepatic flexure of the colon
- H.
Section of ascending and transverse colon
- I.
Left lobe of the liver
- J.
Stomach
- K.
Spleen
- L.
Pancreas (body)
- M.
Portion of left kidney and adrenal gland
- N.
Splenic flexure of the colon
- O.
Section of transverse and descending colon
- P.
Appendix
- Q.
Cecum
- R.
Lower Pole of Right Kidney
- S.
Right ureter
- T.
Right Ovary (female)
- U.
Right Spermatic cord (male)
- V.
Sigmoid colon
- W.
Section of descending colon
- X.
Lower pole of left kidney
- Y.
Left ureter
- Z.
Left Ovary (female)
- .
Left spermatic cord (male)
Correct Answer(s)
V. Sigmoid colon
W. Section of descending colon
X. Lower pole of left kidney
Y. Left ureter
Z. Left Ovary (female)
. Left spermatic cord (male)Explanation
The left lower quadrant (LLQ) is the region of the abdomen located in the lower left side. The organs that are located in the LLQ include the sigmoid colon, section of descending colon, lower pole of left kidney, left ureter, left ovary (female), and left spermatic cord (male). These organs are all situated in the left lower area of the abdomen, which is why they are considered to be in the LLQ.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Origin is in the abdominal organs
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
A. Visceral PainExplanation
Visceral pain refers to pain that originates from the internal organs in the abdomen. This type of pain is often described as dull, aching, or cramp-like and can be caused by various conditions such as organ inflammation, stretching, or obstruction. Unlike parietal pain, which is caused by irritation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, visceral pain is felt deep within the abdomen and is often difficult to localize. Referred pain, on the other hand, is pain that is felt in a different area of the body than where the actual problem is located.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The cause of this pain is when hollow structures become painful by contracting forcefully or distending.
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
A. Visceral PainExplanation
Visceral pain refers to pain that originates from the internal organs of the body, such as the stomach or intestines. This type of pain is often described as a dull, aching, or cramping sensation. The given explanation suggests that the cause of this pain is when hollow structures, such as organs, contract forcefully or distend. This contraction or distension of the hollow structures can lead to pain signals being sent to the brain, resulting in visceral pain.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Characterized by poor localization
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
A. Visceral PainExplanation
Visceral pain refers to the type of pain that originates from the internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, or bladder. It is characterized by poor localization because the pain signals from these organs are transmitted through the autonomic nervous system, which does not have precise sensory pathways. As a result, individuals experiencing visceral pain may have difficulty pinpointing the exact location of the pain. This is in contrast to parietal pain, which is caused by inflammation or irritation of the lining of the body cavities, and referred pain, which is felt in a different area from the actual source of the pain.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Begins as dull pain, but when it becomes intense, can be associated with N/V, pallor, and diaphoresis
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
A. Visceral PainExplanation
Visceral pain is the correct answer because it starts as a dull pain and intensifies over time. This type of pain is often associated with other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (N/V), pallor (pale skin), and diaphoresis (excessive sweating). Visceral pain originates from the organs and is caused by the activation of pain receptors in the internal organs.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Origin is the parietal peritoneum
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
B. Parietal PainExplanation
Parietal pain refers to pain that originates from the parietal peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdominal cavity. This type of pain is usually well-localized and sharp, and it is caused by irritation or inflammation of the parietal peritoneum. In contrast, visceral pain originates from the internal organs and is often described as dull, vague, and poorly localized. Referred pain is when pain is felt in a different area of the body than where the actual problem is located.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Cause is inflammation
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
B. Parietal PainExplanation
Parietal pain refers to pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. This type of pain is typically sharp and localized, and it is caused by inflammation or irritation of the parietal peritoneum. In contrast, visceral pain originates from the internal organs and is often described as a dull, aching sensation. Referred pain is felt in an area of the body that is different from the actual source of pain. Therefore, the correct answer, parietal pain, best fits the given cause of inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Characterized by precise localization
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
B. Parietal PainExplanation
Parietal pain refers to pain that is localized and well-defined, often resulting from irritation or injury to the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity. This type of pain is typically sharp and intense, and the patient can often pinpoint its exact location. Unlike visceral pain, which is caused by organ dysfunction and is often described as dull or vague, parietal pain is more specific and can indicate a more localized problem, such as inflammation or infection in the abdominal region. Referred pain, on the other hand, is pain that is felt in a different area of the body than where the actual problem is located.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Characterized by severe pain with onset that intensifies with movement
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
B. Parietal PainExplanation
Parietal pain is characterized by severe pain that intensifies with movement. This type of pain originates from the parietal peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. When this membrane becomes inflamed or irritated, it can cause intense pain that worsens with any movement or pressure applied to the area. This is in contrast to visceral pain, which originates from the organs themselves, and referred pain, which is felt in a different area of the body than the actual source of the pain.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Origin is from abdominal organs to non abdominal locations such as the chest, spine, or pelvis
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
C. Referred PainExplanation
Referred pain occurs when pain originating from one part of the body is felt in another part of the body. In this case, the origin of the pain is from abdominal organs, but it is felt in non-abdominal locations such as the chest, spine, or pelvis. This phenomenon happens because the nerves that transmit pain signals from the abdominal organs also connect with nerves in other areas of the body. Therefore, the brain interprets the pain as coming from the non-abdominal locations, leading to referred pain.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Cause is nerve innervation
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
C. Referred PainExplanation
Referred pain occurs when pain is felt in a different area of the body than the actual source of the pain. This happens because the nerves that supply the affected area and the nerves that supply the referred area share the same pathway to the brain. In this case, the cause of the pain is nerve innervation, meaning that the pain is being transmitted through the nerves. Therefore, the correct answer is Referred Pain.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Characterized by well localized pain
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
C. Referred PainExplanation
Referred pain is characterized by well-localized pain that is felt in a different area of the body than the actual source of the pain. This occurs because the nerves that transmit pain signals from different areas of the body may converge and share a common pathway to the brain. As a result, the brain may interpret the pain signals from the internal organ as originating from a different area, leading to the perception of pain in a different location.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Characterized by pain that comes from a disorder of another site
- A.
Visceral Pain
- B.
Parietal Pain
- C.
Referred Pain
Correct Answer
C. Referred PainExplanation
Referred pain is characterized by pain that is felt in a different area of the body than the actual source of the pain. This occurs because the nerves that supply the affected area and the nerves that supply the referred area converge at the same level in the spinal cord, causing the brain to interpret the pain as coming from the referred area. Therefore, when there is a disorder in one site, the pain is felt in another site, which is known as referred pain.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following contours of the abdomen is normal?
- A.
Flat
- B.
Scaphoid
- C.
Rebounded
- D.
Protuberant
Correct Answer
A. FlatExplanation
A flat contour of the abdomen is considered normal because it indicates a healthy body shape and weight. It suggests that the abdominal muscles are well-toned and there is no excessive fat or bloating present. A flat abdomen is often associated with good overall health and fitness.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is a cause of scaphoid or concave abdomen? Check all that apply
- A.
Decreased fat deposits
- B.
Malnourished state
- C.
Flaccid muscle tone
- D.
Fibroid tumor
- E.
Fluid (ascites)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Decreased fat deposits
B. Malnourished state
C. Flaccid muscle toneExplanation
Scaphoid or concave abdomen can be caused by multiple factors. Decreased fat deposits can contribute to a scaphoid abdomen as there is less adipose tissue to fill the abdominal area. A malnourished state can also lead to a scaphoid abdomen as the body lacks the necessary nutrients to maintain proper muscle and fat distribution. Flaccid muscle tone can cause the abdomen to appear concave as weak muscles cannot support the abdominal wall. However, a fibroid tumor is not a cause of scaphoid abdomen. Lastly, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, known as ascites, can cause a distended abdomen rather than a concave one.Rate this question:
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- 19.
An asymmetrical abdomen indicates which of the following? Check all that apply
- A.
Tumor
- B.
Cysts
- C.
Bowel Obstruction
- D.
Enlargement of abdominal organs
- E.
Scoliosis
- F.
Pregnancy
- G.
Ascites
- H.
Flatus
Correct Answer(s)
A. Tumor
B. Cysts
C. Bowel Obstruction
D. Enlargement of abdominal organs
E. ScoliosisExplanation
An asymmetrical abdomen can indicate the presence of a tumor, cysts, bowel obstruction, enlargement of abdominal organs, or scoliosis. This is because these conditions can cause an imbalance or distortion in the normal shape and symmetry of the abdomen. Pregnancy, ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen), and flatus (excessive gas) do not typically cause asymmetry in the abdomen.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Protrusion of the umbilicus secondary to non-closure of the ring permitting intestine or omentum to protrude
- A.
Umbilical Hernia
- B.
Femoral Hernia
- C.
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule
- D.
Intra-abdominal pressure
Correct Answer
A. Umbilical HerniaExplanation
An umbilical hernia occurs when the ring around the umbilicus (belly button) does not close properly, allowing intestine or omentum (a fatty tissue) to protrude through. This protrusion causes a visible bulge or swelling in the umbilical area. Unlike other options, such as femoral hernia or Sister Mary Joseph's nodule, an umbilical hernia specifically refers to the protrusion of intestine or omentum through the umbilical ring. Intra-abdominal pressure, while relevant to hernias, is a general term that does not specifically describe the condition of an umbilical hernia.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Nodule in the umbilicus secondary to intra-abdominal cancer
- A.
Umbilical Hernia
- B.
Umbilical Nodule
- C.
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule
- D.
Intra-abdominal pressure
Correct Answer
C. Sister Mary JosepH's noduleExplanation
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule refers to a palpable nodule or mass in the umbilicus that is indicative of an underlying intra-abdominal cancer. This nodule is named after Sister Mary Joseph, who was a surgical assistant and noticed the correlation between umbilical nodules and intra-abdominal malignancies. The presence of this nodule suggests metastasis from a primary cancer site, such as the gastrointestinal tract or ovaries, and is considered a sign of advanced disease. Therefore, the given correct answer is "Sister Mary Joseph's nodule."Rate this question:
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- 22.
Causes protusion from ascites, masses, or pregnancy
- A.
Umbilical Hernia
- B.
Umbilical Nodule
- C.
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule
- D.
Intra-abdominal pressure
Correct Answer
D. Intra-abdominal pressureExplanation
Intra-abdominal pressure can cause protusion from ascites, masses, or pregnancy, leading to conditions such as umbilical hernia, umbilical nodule, or Sister Mary Joseph's nodule.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Causes for Absent Bowel Sounds (Check all that apply)
- A.
Ileus
- B.
SBO
- C.
LBO
- D.
Ischemic distal bowel
- E.
Adhesions
- F.
Hernias
- G.
Masses
- H.
Peritonitis
- I.
Non-Mechanical Obstruction
- J.
Inflammation
- K.
Gangrene
- L.
Electrolyte Imbalances
- M.
Intraoperative manipulation of the bowel
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ileus
B. SBO
C. LBO
D. Ischemic distal bowelExplanation
The given answer includes various causes for absent bowel sounds, such as ileus, SBO (small bowel obstruction), LBO (large bowel obstruction), and ischemic distal bowel. These conditions can all lead to a lack of normal bowel sounds. Other potential causes listed in the options include adhesions, hernias, masses, peritonitis, non-mechanical obstruction, inflammation, gangrene, electrolyte imbalances, and intraoperative manipulation of the bowel. However, the correct answer only includes ileus, SBO, LBO, and ischemic distal bowel as the causes for absent bowel sounds.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Causes for Mechanical Obstruction (Check all that apply)
- A.
Ileus
- B.
SBO
- C.
LBO
- D.
Ischemic distal bowel
- E.
Adhesions
- F.
Hernias
- G.
Masses
- H.
Paralytic Ileus
- I.
Peritonitis
- J.
Non-Mechanical obstruction
- K.
Inflammation
- L.
Gangrene
- M.
Electrolyte Imbalances
- N.
Intraoperative manipulation of the bowel
Correct Answer(s)
E. Adhesions
F. Hernias
G. MassesExplanation
Adhesions, hernias, and masses can all cause mechanical obstruction in the bowel. Adhesions are bands of scar tissue that can form after surgery or inflammation, and they can cause the bowel to become twisted or blocked. Hernias occur when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscle or connective tissue, and they can also lead to bowel obstruction. Masses, such as tumors or growths, can physically block the passage of stool through the bowel. These three causes of mechanical obstruction can all impede the normal flow of stool and cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Causes for Hypoactive Bowel Sounds (Check all that apply)
- A.
Ileus
- B.
SBO
- C.
LBO
- D.
Ischemic distal bowel
- E.
Adhesions
- F.
Hernias
- G.
Masses
- H.
Peritonitis
- I.
Non-Mechanical Obstruction
- J.
Inflammation
- K.
Gangrene
- L.
Electrolyte Imbalances
- M.
Intraoperative manipulation of the bowel
Correct Answer(s)
H. Peritonitis
I. Non-Mechanical Obstruction
J. Inflammation
K. Gangrene
L. Electrolyte Imbalances
M. Intraoperative manipulation of the bowelExplanation
Possible explanation: Hypoactive bowel sounds can be caused by various factors such as peritonitis, non-mechanical obstruction, inflammation, gangrene, electrolyte imbalances, and intraoperative manipulation of the bowel. Peritonitis, which is the inflammation of the peritoneum, can lead to decreased bowel sounds. Non-mechanical obstruction, inflammation, and gangrene can also affect the normal bowel motility and result in hypoactive bowel sounds. Electrolyte imbalances, such as imbalances in potassium or magnesium, can disrupt the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal system. Additionally, intraoperative manipulation of the bowel during surgery can temporarily decrease bowel sounds.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Causes for Hyperactive Bowel Sounds (Check all that apply)
- A.
Subsiding Ileus
- B.
SBO
- C.
LBO
- D.
Ischemic distal bowel
- E.
Adhesions
- F.
Non-Mechanical Obstruction
- G.
Gangrene
- H.
Electrolyte Imbalances
Correct Answer
A. Subsiding IleusExplanation
Hyperactive bowel sounds can be caused by a variety of factors, including subsiding ileus. Ileus is a condition where there is a temporary disruption in the normal movement of the intestines. As the ileus subsides, the bowel sounds may become hyperactive. This can be due to the return of normal peristaltic activity in the intestines. Other possible causes listed in the options, such as SBO (small bowel obstruction), LBO (large bowel obstruction), ischemic distal bowel, adhesions, non-mechanical obstruction, gangrene, and electrolyte imbalances, may also lead to hyperactive bowel sounds, but the specific cause mentioned in the correct answer is subsiding ileus.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jul 08, 2012Quiz Created by
Bikisoucy
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