1.
Headnote
Correct Answer
B. A paragrapH or two about the author or work
Explanation
The correct answer is "a paragraph or two about the author or work". This is because a headnote is a form of prewriting that provides background information about the author or the work being discussed. It typically includes a brief summary or analysis of the author's background, the context in which the work was written, and any relevant information that helps the reader understand the text better. In academic writing, headnotes are often used in MLA style papers to provide introductory information before diving into the main analysis or discussion.
2.
Narration
Correct Answer
C. The pattern of development telling a story
Explanation
The correct answer is "the pattern of development telling a story". This answer suggests that the procedure writers follow to produce a finished piece of writing involves following a specific pattern or structure for telling a story. This implies that there is a specific order or sequence in which events and information are presented in the story, allowing for a coherent and engaging narrative.
3.
Writing Process
Correct Answer
A. Procedure writers follow to produce a finished piece of writing
Explanation
The correct answer is "procedure writers follow to produce a finished piece of writing." This answer accurately describes the writing process as the steps and methods that writers use to create a final written work. It encompasses the planning, drafting, revising, and editing stages that writers go through to produce a polished and coherent piece of writing.
4.
Exemplification
Correct Answer
A. Uses a single extended example or series of shorter examples to support a thesis
Explanation
The correct answer is "uses a single extended example or series of shorter examples to support a thesis". Exemplification is a pattern of development in which a writer uses examples to support their main idea or thesis. This can be done by providing a single extended example or by using a series of shorter examples. The purpose of exemplification is to provide evidence and illustrate the main point of the essay or argument. By using examples, the writer can make their argument more convincing and relatable to the reader.
5.
Which is paired correctly?
Correct Answer
C. Persuasive: persuade readers to think or act a certain way
Explanation
The correct answer is "Persuasive: persuade readers to think or act a certain way." This is because persuasive writing aims to convince or influence the readers to adopt a particular opinion, belief, or action. It presents arguments, evidence, and reasoning to sway the audience's perspective and encourage them to think or act in a specific manner. Expressive writing is focused on conveying personal feelings or impressions, while informative writing aims to provide factual information and inform readers about something.
6.
Looping
Correct Answer
B. Freewriting that becomes a narrower topic each time
Explanation
The correct answer is "freewriting that becomes a narrower topic each time" because looping refers to the process of repeating a certain action or task. In the context of freewriting, it means starting with a broad topic and gradually narrowing it down through multiple iterations, allowing for more focused and refined writing. This technique helps writers explore different angles and ideas related to a specific topic while gradually honing in on a more specific subject matter.
7.
The Purposes discussed in PCW
Correct Answer(s)
A. Expressive
C. Persuasive
D. Informative
Explanation
The correct answer is Expressive, Persuasive, Informative. These purposes are discussed in PCW. Expressive writing aims to convey emotions and feelings. Persuasive writing intends to convince the reader or audience to adopt a certain viewpoint or take a specific action. Informative writing provides facts and information to educate the reader.
8.
Occasion is the different approaches for different goals
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement suggests that on different occasions or situations, individuals may adopt different approaches or strategies in order to achieve their goals. This implies that the approach taken may vary depending on the specific circumstances or objectives at hand. Therefore, the statement is true as it highlights the idea that different goals may require different approaches.
9.
Types of Irony
Correct Answer(s)
B. Verbal
C. Dramatic
E. Situational
Explanation
The given answer correctly identifies three types of irony: verbal, dramatic, and situational. Verbal irony occurs when a person says something but means the opposite, often used for sarcasm or humor. Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something that the characters do not, creating tension or suspense. Situational irony refers to a situation where the outcome is different from what is expected, often resulting in a humorous or unexpected twist. The answer excludes "humorous" and "insulting" as types of irony, which is accurate as they are not recognized categories of irony.
10.
Flashback
Correct Answer
A. Shifts into the past
Explanation
A flashback is a narrative technique that shifts the story into the past, providing background information or context to the events happening in the present. It allows the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the characters or the plot by revealing past experiences or events. Unlike foreshadowing, which hints at future events, a flashback focuses on the past. It is often used in literature and film to enhance the storytelling and create a more complex narrative structure.
11.
Coherence
Correct Answer
A. Smoothly and logically connecting sentences
Explanation
Coherence refers to the smooth and logical connection between sentences in a piece of writing. When sentences are coherent, they flow seamlessly from one to another, making the text easier to read and understand. This ensures that the ideas and information in the writing are presented in a logical and organized manner, allowing the reader to follow the author's train of thought. By connecting sentences smoothly and logically, coherence helps to create a cohesive and unified piece of writing.
12.
For which of the following essays are transitions essential?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Cause and Effect
B. Process
C. Narrative
Explanation
Transitions are essential in Cause and Effect, Process, and Narrative essays. In Cause and Effect essays, transitions help to show the relationship between the cause and the effect. In Process essays, transitions are important to guide the reader through the steps or stages of a process. In Narrative essays, transitions help to connect events and ideas, making the story flow smoothly. Therefore, transitions play a crucial role in these types of essays by enhancing coherence and ensuring a clear and logical progression of ideas.
13.
A formal outline must have:
Correct Answer
B. Parallel structure
Explanation
A formal outline must have parallel structure. This means that each section or point in the outline should use the same grammatical structure. This helps to create a clear and organized outline, as all the points are presented in a consistent and balanced manner. Without parallel structure, the outline may be confusing or disjointed.
14.
Which of the following contains a comma splice?
Correct Answer
A. I got up late this morning, I didn't have time for breakfast.
Explanation
The correct answer contains a comma splice because it joins two independent clauses ("I got up late this morning" and "I didn't have time for breakfast") with only a comma. A comma splice occurs when a comma is used to separate two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction or appropriate punctuation.
15.
Which of the following does NOT contain a fused sentence?
Correct Answer
B. Tom read the book, but Jim saw the movie.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Tom read the book, but Jim saw the movie." This sentence does not contain a fused sentence because it uses a coordinating conjunction ("but") to connect two independent clauses ("Tom read the book" and "Jim saw the movie"). This creates a compound sentence with two separate ideas. In contrast, the first sentence "Tom read the book Jim saw the movie" is a fused sentence because it does not have any punctuation or coordinating conjunction to separate the two independent clauses.
16.
Cliches are OK to use in formal writing
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Using cliches in formal writing is generally discouraged. Cliches are overused phrases that have lost their originality and impact. Formal writing requires clear and concise language, and the use of cliches can make the writing appear lazy or unoriginal. Instead, it is recommended to use fresh and unique language to convey ideas effectively in formal writing.
17.
Argumentive Essay
Correct Answer
B. Argues a point
Explanation
An argumentative essay is a type of essay that presents a strong argument or viewpoint on a specific topic. It aims to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's opinion or take a particular stance on the issue being discussed. Unlike an informative essay that simply provides information, an argumentative essay presents evidence, reasoning, and counterarguments to support its claims. Therefore, the correct answer is "argues a point."
18.
A(n) _____________ essay outlines a series of steps in chronological order.
Correct Answer
process
proces
Process
Processs
processs
Explanation
A process essay outlines a series of steps in chronological order. It provides a detailed explanation of how to complete a task or achieve a specific goal. The essay typically starts with an introduction that provides an overview of the process, followed by body paragraphs that explain each step in detail. The steps are presented in a logical and sequential manner to guide the reader through the process. The essay concludes with a summary or conclusion that reinforces the importance or effectiveness of the process.
19.
This means that it has a feel of authenticity
Correct Answer
A. Verisimilitude
Explanation
Verisimilitude refers to the quality of appearing true or real. In the context of the given explanation, it suggests that something has a sense of authenticity or believability. This implies that the subject or situation in question is portrayed in a way that closely resembles reality, making it convincing and plausible. Therefore, the answer "verisimilitude" aligns with the explanation provided.
20.
Which is paired correctly?
Correct Answer
C. Logos: appeals to logic
Explanation
Logos refers to the use of logical reasoning and evidence to support an argument or persuade an audience. This is a correct pairing because appeals to logic involve presenting facts, statistics, and logical reasoning to convince the audience of the validity of a claim. It is different from appeals to emotions (ethos) which aim to evoke feelings and create an emotional connection, and author's character (pathos) which focuses on the credibility and trustworthiness of the author.
21.
Conceit
Correct Answer
C. A thought or idea
Explanation
The word "conceit" refers to a thought or idea. It is not related to a fake chair or sentence structure. "Con seat" and "sentence structure" are unrelated to the meaning of the word. Therefore, the correct answer is "a thought or idea".
22.
Which kind of character changes throughout the story?
Correct Answer
A. Dynamic character
Explanation
A dynamic character is a character who undergoes significant changes or growth throughout the story. This means that their personality, beliefs, or actions may evolve as a result of the events or experiences they encounter. Unlike static characters who remain unchanged, dynamic characters often learn important lessons, overcome obstacles, or develop new perspectives. Therefore, a dynamic character is the best fit for a character who changes throughout the story.
23.
What is the process of breaking a whole into parts called?
Correct Answer
Division
divisoin
Explanation
The process of breaking a whole into parts is called division. It involves dividing a quantity or number into equal or unequal parts to determine the result or quotient. The correct spelling of the word is "division," not "divisoin."
24.
Classification and Division
Correct Answer
C. Putting scattered bits of information into useful, coherent order
Explanation
This answer suggests that the purpose of classification and division is to organize scattered bits of information in a way that is useful and coherent. This can help readers understand and make sense of the information being presented. By putting the information into a logical order, it becomes easier to follow and comprehend.
25.
Parallel
Correct Answer
A. Items written with the same gramatical structure
Explanation
The correct answer is "items written with the same grammatical structure." This means that the items mentioned in the context are written using the same rules and patterns of grammar. It implies that these items have a similar structure in terms of sentence formation, word order, and the use of grammar rules. This interpretation aligns with the meaning of the word "parallel," which refers to things that are similar or comparable in some way.
26.
Satire
Correct Answer
A. The use of humor to expose or criticze
Explanation
Satire is a form of literary or artistic expression that uses humor to expose or criticize societal issues, individuals, or institutions. It often employs irony, sarcasm, or exaggeration to highlight flaws or shortcomings. It is not related to being half goat, half man or attacking the author of an essay.
27.
Which could be used in a cause and effect essay:
Correct Answer
A. Light switch turns on a light
Explanation
A cause and effect essay explores the relationship between events, where one event (the cause) leads to another event (the effect). In this case, the light switch turning on a light can be used in a cause and effect essay because it demonstrates a direct cause and effect relationship. When the light switch is turned on, it causes the light to turn on. This example illustrates a clear cause (the action of turning on the light switch) and a clear effect (the light turning on), making it suitable for a cause and effect essay.
28.
post hoc reasoning
Correct Answer
B. Just because A came before B, A caused B
Explanation
This answer refers to the logical fallacy known as post hoc reasoning, which assumes that just because one event happened before another, the first event must have caused the second event. It is a common mistake to assume causation based solely on temporal sequence.
29.
enumeration
Correct Answer
A. Listing qualities, traits, and characteristics
Explanation
This answer suggests that "enumeration" refers to the act of listing qualities, traits, and characteristics. It implies that when using enumeration, one is providing a comprehensive list of specific qualities or characteristics related to a particular subject.
30.
Which has the causes listed in order of importance (most to least important)
Correct Answer
B. Main, contributory and immediate, remote
Explanation
The correct answer is "main, contributory and immediate, remote." This means that the main cause is the most important, followed by the contributory cause. The immediate cause is more important than the remote cause. Therefore, the order of importance is main, contributory, immediate, and remote.
31.
Hortative
Correct Answer
C. Giving encouragement
Explanation
The word "hortative" is derived from the Latin word "hortari" which means "to encourage". Therefore, the correct answer is "giving encouragement". The other options provided in the question do not align with the meaning of the word.
32.
A causes B, B causes C, C causes D...
Correct Answer
B. Causal chain
Explanation
The given answer, "causal chain," refers to a sequence of events where each event is caused by the previous one. In this scenario, A causes B, B causes C, and C causes D, forming a causal chain. This term is commonly used to describe a cause-and-effect relationship where one event leads to another in a linear progression. It implies that each event in the chain is dependent on the preceding event and contributes to the subsequent event. Therefore, the answer "causal chain" accurately describes the given situation.
33.
Ad hominem
Correct Answer
C. Attacking the author rather than the author's ideas
Explanation
The term "ad hominem" refers to the fallacious argumentative technique of attacking the character or personal traits of an individual instead of addressing the merits of their ideas or arguments. This means that instead of engaging in a substantive debate, the person resorts to personal attacks in an attempt to discredit the author rather than engaging with their ideas. This type of argument is considered invalid as it does not address the actual content of the argument being made.
34.
What is NOT a good basis for comparison for bees and humans?
Correct Answer
B. Mode of movement
Explanation
The mode of movement is not a good basis for comparison between bees and humans because bees primarily fly while humans primarily walk. Comparing their modes of movement would not provide meaningful insights into their similarities or differences in other aspects such as community or communication.
35.
Agumentation
Correct Answer
A. A reasoned and logical way of stating a position or belief
Explanation
The term "agumentation" refers to the act of presenting a position or belief in a reasoned and logical manner. It involves providing well-supported arguments and using logical reasoning to support one's viewpoint. This explanation aligns with the given definition and accurately describes the meaning of "agumentation".
36.
Refutation
Correct Answer
C. Directly addressing issues to gain support from readers
Explanation
Directly addressing issues to gain support from readers means that the writer is actively acknowledging and discussing the concerns or problems that the readers may have. By doing so, the writer aims to build a connection with the readers and persuade them to support their viewpoint or argument. This approach shows that the writer values the readers' opinions and wants to address their concerns, which can help in gaining their support.
37.
Rogerian argument
Correct Answer
B. Addresses the audience as equals
Explanation
In a Rogerian argument, the speaker addresses the audience as equals. This approach emphasizes the importance of mutual respect and understanding. By treating the audience as equals, the speaker acknowledges their perspectives and experiences, creating a more open and collaborative atmosphere for discussion. This approach aims to find common ground and build a bridge between differing viewpoints, rather than engaging in a confrontational or hierarchical manner.
38.
To go from general understanding to a specific conclusion
Correct Answer
B. Deductive Reasoning
Explanation
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a general understanding or set of premises. It involves using logical principles and rules to reach a conclusion that is necessarily true if the premises are true. In this case, the given statement suggests that the process involves moving from a general understanding to a specific conclusion, which aligns with the concept of deductive reasoning.
39.
Syllogism
Correct Answer
C. A form of deductive reasoning
Explanation
The given options describe different concepts. "Use of concrete objects to represent abstract ideas" and "pronouncing every syllable as an individual unit of sound" do not relate to the concept of syllogism. However, "a form of deductive reasoning" accurately describes syllogism. Syllogism is a logical argument that uses deductive reasoning to draw conclusions based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
40.
Which are necessary for syllogism?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Minor premise
C. Conclusion
Explanation
Syllogism is a logical argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. The major premise is a general statement or principle, the minor premise is a specific statement or example, and the conclusion is the logical deduction drawn from the premises. Therefore, the necessary components for syllogism are the minor premise and the conclusion.
41.
Inductive leap
Correct Answer
A. Crucial step from evidence to conclusion
Explanation
The term "inductive leap" refers to a crucial step from evidence to conclusion. It suggests that through the process of induction, one can go from specific examples or evidence to form a generalization or conclusion. This implies that the answer choice accurately captures the meaning of the term and aligns with the concept of making an inference or generalizing based on evidence.
42.
Argument is divided into three parts: claim, grounds, and warrent
Correct Answer
C. Toulmin logic
Explanation
Toulmin logic is a method of argumentation that consists of three main components: the claim, the grounds, and the warrant. In this approach, the claim is the main point or statement being argued, the grounds are the evidence or reasons supporting the claim, and the warrant is the underlying assumption or principle that connects the grounds to the claim. Toulmin logic is often used to analyze and evaluate arguments by examining the strength of the evidence and the validity of the reasoning. Therefore, Toulmin logic is the correct answer because it accurately describes the structure and components of an argument.
43.
Which are coordinating conjunctions?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Nor
B. And
C. But
Explanation
Coordinating conjunctions are words that connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance in a sentence. "Nor," "and," and "but" are all examples of coordinating conjunctions. "Nor" is used to connect two negative ideas, "and" is used to connect similar ideas, and "but" is used to connect contrasting ideas. These conjunctions help to create smooth and coherent sentences by showing the relationship between different parts of a sentence.
44.
Which are examples of abstract language?
Correct Answer
B. Fear
Explanation
Abstract language refers to words or concepts that cannot be perceived through the senses. They are ideas or emotions that exist in the mind. In this case, "fear" is an example of abstract language because it is a feeling or emotion that cannot be physically seen or touched. On the other hand, "red" and "soft" are concrete words that can be experienced through the senses, making them examples of non-abstract or concrete language.
45.
Allegory
Correct Answer
B. Characters are personifications of abstract ideas
Explanation
The correct answer is "characters are personifications of abstract ideas." In an allegory, characters are often used to represent or symbolize abstract concepts or ideas. Instead of being fully developed individuals, they serve as representations of larger themes or messages within the story. This allows the author to explore complex ideas in a more accessible and symbolic way, creating a deeper layer of meaning for the reader.
46.
Allusion
Correct Answer
A. A reference to a place, event, or literary work
Explanation
The correct answer is "a reference to a place, event, or literary work." Allusion is a literary device that involves referencing or mentioning another place, event, or work of literature. It is used to enhance the meaning or depth of a text by connecting it to something familiar or significant. Allusions can be direct or indirect, and they help to create layers of meaning and evoke certain emotions or associations in the reader's mind.
47.
Which are examples of assonance?
Correct Answer
B. Five shiny dimes brightened my life
Explanation
The phrase "five shiny dimes brightened my life" is an example of assonance because it contains repeated vowel sounds, specifically the long "i" sound in "five" and "brightened" and the long "i" and "i" sounds in "shiny" and "life". This repetition of vowel sounds creates a musical and rhythmic effect in the sentence. The other phrases do not exhibit this repetition of vowel sounds, so they are not examples of assonance.
48.
Anachronism
Correct Answer
B. Making an error in chronological order
Explanation
Anachronism refers to the act of making an error in chronological order. This means that something is placed or depicted in a time period that it does not belong to, creating an inconsistency or inaccuracy. It involves mistakenly attributing an object, event, or idea to a different time period, which can distort the historical accuracy or context.
49.
Anecdote
Correct Answer
A. Short side note to explain something
Explanation
The word "anecdote" refers to a short side note that is used to explain something. It is a brief and often entertaining story or account that provides additional context or clarification. Anecdotes are commonly used in conversations, speeches, or writing to support or illustrate a point, providing a relatable and memorable example. They are not related to a cure for a poison or doting on a small creature.
50.
Disorder is the antithesis of order
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement "Disorder is the antithesis of order" means that disorder and order are opposite concepts. Disorder refers to a lack of organization or chaos, while order refers to a structured and organized state. Antithesis means direct contrast or opposition. Therefore, the correct answer is true because disorder and order are indeed opposite to each other.