Alcatel-lucent Scalable IP Networks Exam A
Preparing for the Network Routing Specialist I (NRS I)
Certification Exam (4A0-100)
- 1.
1. The original network that ultimately became the Internet was called ______.
- A.
A. NSFNET
- B.
B. ARPANET
- C.
C. DoDnet
- D.
D. DARPA
Correct Answer
B. B. ARPANETExplanation
NSFNET was the follow-on network, DARPA is an organization, and DoDnet
does not exist.Rate this question:
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- 2.
2. The primary organization behind the development of the original Internet was ______.
- A.
A. IBM
- B.
B. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
- C.
C. Stanford University
- D.
D. U.S. Department of Defense
Correct Answer
D. D. U.S. Department of DefenseExplanation
All of the other answers are incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 3.
3. Which of the following was not a primary design concern during the development of the original Internet?
- A.
A. Reliability
- B.
B. Bandwidth
- C.
C. Interoperability
- D.
D. Support for diverse network mediums
Correct Answer
B. B. BandwidthExplanation
The network needed to support diverse systems in a reliable manner over diverse
media. There was not a great need for large amounts of bandwidth.Rate this question:
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- 4.
4. Which of the following was not a reason TCP was a superior transport protocol to NCP?
- A.
A. Support for global addressing
- B.
B. Support for end-to-end checksums
- C.
C. Support for applications such as email
- D.
D. Support for fragmentation and reassembly
Correct Answer
C. C. Support for applications such as emailExplanation
NCP provided support for applications like email; it did not provide any of the
features in the other answers.Rate this question:
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- 5.
5. Which of the following OSI layers is not paired with the correct implementation?
- A.
A. Layer 7—Email
- B.
B. Layer 3—TCP
- C.
C. Layer 4—UDP
- D.
D. Layer 2—PPP
Correct Answer
B. B. Layer 3—TCPExplanation
TCP is a Layer 4 protocol. The other answers are incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 6.
6. Part of the growth of the ARPANET was driven by the ability of anyone to create and disseminate information about potential protocols and applications in a particular kind of document. These documents are known as ______.
- A.
A. Requests For Information
- B.
B. Protocol Revisions
- C.
C. Requests For Comments
- D.
D. Requests For Configurations
Correct Answer
C. C. Requests For CommentsExplanation
The other answers are incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 7.
7. ISPs connect to each other at well-defined network locations to exchange information. These connection points are known as ______.
- A.
A. ISPs
- B.
B. IXPs
- C.
C. BGPs
- D.
D. POPs
Correct Answer
B. B. IXPsExplanation
The other answers don’t address the question.Rate this question:
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- 8.
8. A company that has locations throughout the country can obtain service at each location from a Tier 1, Tier 2, or Tier 3 provider. What is one reason a company might choose to connect all locations to a Tier 1 provider despite the higher costs involved?
- A.
A. Sites at different tiers cannot communicate.
- B.
B. Tier 3 providers don’t use TCP/IP.
- C.
C. O nly Tier 1 providers provide content.
- D.
D. A single provider could offer SLAs to each location.
Correct Answer
D. D. A single provider could offer SLAs to each location.Explanation
A single provider can offer SLAs because the traffic would be contained entirely
within its own network;Rate this question:
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- 9.
9. Which of the following services would likely be offered by a content provider but not a service provider?
- A.
A. Standard dial-up service
- B.
B. Live video streaming from sports events
- C.
C. Email service
- D.
D. Basic web services
Correct Answer
B. B. Live video streaming from sports eventsExplanation
Live streaming video for sports events would clearly fall into the content scope of
services. The other services are all commonly offered by all service providers.Rate this question:
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- 10.
10. Which of the following accurately describes the TCP protocol?
- A.
A. Connectionless with no guarantee of delivery
- B.
B. Connectionless with guarantee of delivery
- C.
C. Connection-oriented with guarantee of delivery
- D.
D. None of the above
Correct Answer
C. C. Connection-oriented with guarantee of deliveryExplanation
“Connection-oriented with guarantee of delivery” describes the basic functions of
using TCP. The other answers are incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 11.
11. O riginally the IP protocol functions were performed by ______.
- A.
A. Ethernet
- B.
B. TCP
- C.
C. NCP
- D.
D. ALOHANET
Correct Answer
B. B. TCPExplanation
Originally the functions of both TCP and IP were in a single TCP protocol.Rate this question:
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- 12.
12. When an HTTP packet needs to be forwarded over the Internet, which of the following accurately describes the order of the headers as they would be placed in front of each other in the packet (assume that the originating device is on an Ethernet network)?
- A.
A. HTTP, IP, TCP, Ethernet
- B.
B. HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet
- C.
C. HTTP, UDP, IP, Ethernet
- D.
D. HTTP, IP, Ethernet
Correct Answer
B. B. HTTP, TCP, IP, EthernetExplanation
The headers are placed in front of each other in order of the protocol stack from
the highest layer down, so the order would be application, Layer 4 (TCP), Layer 3
(IP), and then Layer 2 (Ethernet).Rate this question:
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- 13.
13. A router processing the packet described in Question 12 would need to examine and/or manipulate which headers?
- A.
A. Ethernet only
- B.
B. IP only
- C.
C.TCP and IP only
- D.
D. IP and Ethernet only
Correct Answer
D. D. IP and Ethernet onlyExplanation
A router would remove the Ethernet (Layer 2) header, examine the IP (Layer 3)
address to determine how to forward the packet, and then replace the Layer 2
header for the appropriate next-hop interface.Rate this question:
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- 14.
14. What would a router processing the packet described in Question 12 do with the Layer 2 header of the incoming packet?
- A.
A. Remove the source Layer 2 address, add its own, and forward the packet.
- B.
B. Remove the Layer 2 addresses and replace them with new addresses.
- C.
C. Remove the entire Layer 2 header and create a new one based on the next-hop
- D.
D. Leave the original Layer 2 header but forward the packet based on the destination
Correct Answer
C. C. Remove the entire Layer 2 header and create a new one based on the next-hopExplanation
Answer B is incorrect because the next-hop interface might be a different layer
technology so the router cannot simply replace addresses; it must create a new
Layer 2 header. The other answers don’t describe the forwarding process correctly.Rate this question:
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- 15.
15. Most of the OSI-created protocols are no longer in use, although a few still provide some critically important functions. Which of the following describes an OSI protocol that is still in use?
- A.
A. O SPF
- B.
B. LDP
- C.
C. TP0
- D.
D. IS-IS
Correct Answer
D. D. IS-ISExplanation
IS-IS is a routing protocol developed by the ISO that is still in use in many provider
networks. The other answers are either not ISO protocols or are no longer in use.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is not a product in the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS family?
- A.
A. SR-12
- B.
B. ESS-7
- C.
C. SR-6
- D.
D. ESS-1
Correct Answer
C. C. SR-6Explanation
This is not a product in the SR line; the SR line contains SR-12, SR-7, and SR-1.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following statements is false regarding the Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS series?
- A.
A. It supports multiple chassis types.
- B.
B. It supports OSFP, IS-IS, RIP, and BGP.
- C.
C. It is used primarily for Ethernet aggregation.
- D.
D. It can be managed via a console port or a dedicated Ethernet port on the
Correct Answer
B. B. It supports OSFP, IS-IS, RIP, and BGP.Explanation
The Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS is designed primarily as an Ethernet aggregation
point and so it does not support provider protocols like BGP.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following descriptions is correct?
- A.
A. bof.cfg—7750/7450 configuration file
- B.
B. cpm.tim—IOM image file
- C.
C. config.cfg—Back-up configuration file
- D.
D. boot.ldr—Bootstrap image file
Correct Answer
D. D. boot.ldr—Bootstrap image fileExplanation
This is the only correct pairing.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following commands is not correctly described?
- A.
A. shutdown—This command is used to disable an interface or protocol.
- B.
B. exit all—Logs out of the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS device.
- C.
C. ?—Lists all commands in the current context.
- D.
D. [TAB]—This command is used for assistance with command completion.
Correct Answer
B. B. exit all—Logs out of the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS device.Explanation
The exit all command takes you to the root context but does not log you out.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is not a log stream type?
- A.
A. Audit
- B.
B. Change
- C.
C. Main
- D.
D. Security
Correct Answer
A. A. AuditExplanation
This is not a valid log stream type.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following descriptions of hardware for the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS is correct?
- A.
A. IOMs plug into MDAs.
- B.
B. MDAs plug into SFPs.
- C.
C. SF/CPMs plug into IOMs.
- D.
D. IOMs plug into the chassis.
Correct Answer
D. D. IOMs plug into the chassis.Explanation
An IOM card supports two MDAs that provide the physical ports for a chassis.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What file contains the system bootstrap image?
- A.
A. boot.cfg
- B.
B. image.ldr
- C.
C. boot.ldr
- D.
D. bof.cfg
Correct Answer
C. C. boot.ldrExplanation
This is the file that contains the bootstrap image, and it is the first file that is read
upon system startup.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The SF/CPM card has its own Ethernet interface for out-of-band management. This interface has its own IP address and default route. Where is this information stored?
- A.
A. boot.ldf
- B.
B. bof.cfg
- C.
C. config.cfg
- D.
D. cpm.tim
Correct Answer
B. B. bof.cfgExplanation
The bof.cfg stores the boot file configuration parameters such as the Ethernet
management IP, the location of the config file, and the system image file.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following correctly lists the order in which files are read by the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS upon bootup?
- A.
A. boot.ldr, bof.cfg, system image, config.cfg
- B.
B. system image, boot.ldr, config.cfg, bof.cfg
- C.
C. boot.ldr, system image, bof.cfg, config.cfg
- D.
D. boot.ldr, bof.cfg, config.cfg, system image
Correct Answer
A. A. boot.ldr, bof.cfg, system image, config.cfgExplanation
This is the correct order.Rate this question:
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- 25.
During the boot process, an Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS checks to see if persistence is enabled. What is the purpose of persistence?
- A.
A. To ensure that the system saves routing table information when it reboots
- B.
B. To ensure that changes to the bof.cfg are saved
- C.
C. To ensure synchronization with the 5620 SAM
- D.
D. To ensure that config changes are stored in the config.cfg
Correct Answer
C. C. To ensure synchronization with the 5620 SAMExplanation
The persistence option is only needed if the 5620 SAM is used to manage your
Alcatel-Lucent device.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What command would you use to enable an interface the first time you initialized an Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS?
- A.
A. enable
- B.
B. no shutdown
- C.
C. interface enable
- D.
D. interface on
Correct Answer
B. B. no shutdownExplanation
By default, all the ports and cards on an Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS are
down and need to have the no shutdown command used to enable them.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following is the correct provisioning order you should follow when configuring an Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS for the first time?
- A.
A. IOM, port, MDA
- B.
B. Port, MDA, IOM
- C.
C. IOM, MDA, port
- D.
D. MDA, port, IOM
Correct Answer
C. C. IOM, MDA, portExplanation
This is the correct provisioning order.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following is false regarding the logging mechanisms in the Alcatel- Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS?
- A.
A. Log-ids 99 and 100 are reserved for system usage.
- B.
B. You must configure at least one input stream for a log-id.
- C.
C. You must configure a filter for each log-id.
- D.
D. You must configure the destination for the events from the log-id.
Correct Answer
C. C. You must configure a filter for each log-id.Explanation
Configuration of a filter for a log-id is optional.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What command would you use to display the configuration of your Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS?
- A.
A. show config
- B.
B. admin display-config
- C.
C. display config
- D.
D. show admin config
Correct Answer
B. B. admin display-configExplanation
This is used to show the configuration of your Alcatel-Lucent device.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following values is not stored in the bof.cfg?
- A.
A. The location of the primary boot image
- B.
B. The list of IOM cards in the chassis
- C.
C. The persist value
- D.
D. The location of the primary config file
Correct Answer
B. B. The list of IOM cards in the chassisExplanation
This value is not stored in the bof.cfg.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following is not a data link layer (OSI Layer 2) protocol?
- A.
A. Ethernet
- B.
B. ATM
- C.
C. Cell-Relay
- D.
D. PPP
Correct Answer
C. C. Cell-RelayExplanation
There is no protocol called Cell-Relay; the other answers are all Data Link
protocols.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following is not a function of PPP? .
- A.
A. Provide support for multiple upper-layer protocols.
- B.
B. Support the connection of multiple devices on a single link.
- C.
C. Support authentication
- D.
D. Support data integrity via a CRC on frame contents.
Correct Answer
B. B. Support the connection of multiple devices on a single link.Explanation
There is an address field, but it is not used as there is no need for addressing on a
point-to-point link.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following ATM AAL types is associated with an incorrect description?
- A.
A. AAL3/4—Connection-oriented service
- B.
B. AAL5—Connectionless service
- C.
C. AAL2—Variable bit rate traffic
- D.
D. AAL1—High bit rate traffic
Correct Answer
D. D. AAL1—High bit rate trafficExplanation
AAL1 is constant bit rate traffic.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following technologies ensures that a unicast packet is visible only to the device with the specific destination address?
- A.
A. Ethernet
- B.
B. Switched Ethernet
- C.
C. Satellite
- D.
D. Wireless LAN
Correct Answer
B. B. Switched EthernetExplanation
An Ethernet switch will forward the frame to the correct port based on a destination
address in its FDB; all the other technologies broadcast all frames to all
devices.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The advantage of using multicast packets instead of broadcast packets is:
- A.
A. Broadcasts are received by every host.
- B.
B. Multicast is newer technology.
- C.
C. Broadcasts are processed by every host.
- D.
D. Multicast provides multiple addresses for flexibility.
Correct Answer
C. C. Broadcasts are processed by every host.Explanation
Depending on the switch technology in use, multicast packets might also be
received by every host, but every host would not process the multicast packets if
they are not in the multicast group. Every device must strip the Ethernet header
and examine the contents of the upper layers of a broadcast to determine if the
packet is intended for it or not. This is a major disadvantage for broadcast traffic.Rate this question:
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- 36.
A PPP frame has several fields that are not used, like addressing. Why do these fields exist in the frame?
- A.
A. They are reserved for future use.
- B.
B. They are legacy fields from older versions of PPP headers.
- C.
C. PPP is based on the HDLC frame format.
- D.
D. PPP can be adapted for use on multi-point networks and might need the fields.
Correct Answer
C. C. PPP is based on the HDLC frame format.Explanation
The HDLC protocol used the fields that PPP does not, and the fields are a legacy
of this.Rate this question:
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- 37.
ATM uses 53-byte cells, which is quite a bit smaller than the maximum Ethernet frame. What is the purpose of having such a small cell size?
- A.
A. To support latency-sensitive applications like voice traffic
- B.
B. To provide less overhead on ATM switches
- C.
C. To support the use of multiple classes of service
- D.
D. To provide the ability to do switching in hardware
Correct Answer
A. A. To support latency-sensitive applications like voice trafficExplanation
This is the primary factor behind the small size of the cells. The other answers
don’t address the core reason for the size of the cells.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What is the purpose of the ATM Adaptation Layer?
- A.
A. It determines the amount of data in the cell.
- B.
B. It maps data from upper-layer service classes to ATM cells.
- C.
C. It adapts Ethernet frames to ATM cells.
- D.
D. It wraps a header around the ATM cell.
Correct Answer
B. B. It maps data from upper-layer service classes to ATM cells.Explanation
ATM supports many classes of service, but data from upper-layer protocols must be
mapped to the 53-byte ATM cells For example, IP datagrams are encapsulated in
an AAL5 frame, which is then encapsulated in individual ATM cells.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What are the two main types of Ethernet frames?
- A.
A. Thinnet and Thicknet
- B.
B. 10baseT and 100baseT
- C.
C. DIX Ethernet and Ethernet II
- D.
D. 802.3 and Ethernet II
Correct Answer
D. D. 802.3 and Ethernet IIExplanation
These are the two main types of Ethernet frames. The other answers are incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following values for the Ethertype/length fields indicates an 802.3 frame (numbers are in decimal)?
- A.
A. 64
- B.
B. 1540
- C.
C. 2048
- D.
D. 9000
Correct Answer
A. A. 64Explanation
A value less than 1536 indicates an 802.3 frame.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The original Thicknet standard had a maximum cable length as well as a minimum distance for stations to tap into the cable. Based on the description of CSMA/CD, what is the most likely reason for these distance requirements?
- A.
A. A signal might be too weak to travel farther than the maximum distance.
- B.
B. Every station on the wire had to be able to “detect” a collision in order to function properly.
- C.
C. Too many taps in the cable would weaken the wire.
- D.
D. Thicknet cable came in fixed lengths.
Correct Answer
B. B. Every station on the wire had to be able to “detect” a collision in order to function properly.Explanation
Based on our description of CSMA/CD, it is implied that each station needs to be
able to determine when other stations are transmitting, which means that each
station needs to be within a certain distance of other stations soRate this question:
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- 42.
An Ethernet MAC address consists of ______.
- A.
A. A 4-byte number in four parts
- B.
B. A 4-byte number in two parts
- C.
C. A 6-byte number in two parts
- D.
D. A 6-byte number in four parts
Correct Answer
C. C. A 6-byte number in two partsExplanation
The two parts are the vendor OUI and the vendor-chosen hardware address.Rate this question:
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- 43.
When an Ethernet station wants to transmit information, the process it follows is ______.
- A.
A. Just start transmitting.
- B.
B. Listen for other stations transmitting; if none, then begin transmitting.
- C.
C. Transmit whenever it receives the token.
- D.
D. Issue a transmit request, and transmit when given authorization to do so.
Correct Answer
B. B. Listen for other stations transmitting; if none, then begin transmitting.Explanation
This is a brief description of the “carrier sense multiple access” part of the CSMA/
CD protocol.Rate this question:
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- 44.
14. What happens when two or more Ethernet stations attempt to transmit at the same time?
- A.
A. This is impossible on half-duplex.
- B.
B. The signal results in a collision, the stations stop, and the stations all wait the same amount of time to retransmit.
- C.
C. The signal results in a collision, and the stations retransmit based on a configured priority.
- D.
D. The signal results in a collision, and the stations stop and retransmit after waiting a random amount of time.
Correct Answer
D. D. The signal results in a collision, and the stations stop and retransmit after waiting a random amount of time.Explanation
This is a brief description of how Ethernet stations retransmit after collision. They
wait a random amount of time to try to ensure that the same stations don’t transmit
at the same time again.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following Ethernet standards is not matched correctly?
- A.
A. 10 Mb Ethernet—Fiber or copper cable
- B.
B. 100 Mb Ethernet—Fiber or copper cable
- C.
C. 1 Gig Ethernet—Fiber cable only
- D.
D. All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer
C. C. 1 Gig Ethernet—Fiber cable onlyExplanation
Gigabit Ethernet can run over copper cabling as well.Rate this question:
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