Anatomy And Physiology Questions - The Reproductive System

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Hermine0817

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Quizzes Created: 13 | Total Attempts: 160,424

Questions: 41 | Attempts: 11,644 | Updated: Apr 19, 2024

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Anatomy And Physiology Questions - The Reproductive System - Quiz

Reproductive system questions. Linked to the "Conception" case unit. Also a few questions linked to the "Adolescence" case unit.

Questions and Answers

1.

This structure protects and regulates the temperature of the testes
- A.
  
  Dartos muscle
- B.
  
  Cremaster muscle
- C.
  
  Tunica albuginea
- D.
  
  Scrotum
- E.
  
  Tunica vaginalis
Correct Answer
D. Scrotum

Explanation
The scrotum is a pouch of skin that houses the testes. It is located outside the body in the male reproductive system. The scrotum plays a crucial role in protecting and regulating the temperature of the testes. The testes need to be kept at a slightly lower temperature than the rest of the body for optimal sperm production. The scrotum contracts and relaxes in response to temperature changes, bringing the testes closer to or further away from the body to maintain the right temperature. This mechanism is essential for the proper functioning of the testes and the production of healthy sperm.

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2.

This structure is the site of sperm production
- A.
  
  Vas deferens
- B.
  
  Seminiferous tubules
- C.
  
  Albuginea
- D.
  
  Epididymis
- E.
  
  Raphe
Correct Answer
B. Seminiferous tubules

Explanation
The seminiferous tubules are the site of sperm production in the male reproductive system. These tubules are located within the testes and are responsible for producing and maturing sperm cells. Sperm production occurs through a process called spermatogenesis, which involves the division and differentiation of germ cells within the seminiferous tubules. Once produced, the sperm cells are then transported to the epididymis for further maturation and storage before ejaculation. Therefore, the seminiferous tubules play a crucial role in the production of sperm and are essential for male fertility.

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3.

How many seminiferous tubules are found in the lobules?
- A.
  
  1-3
- B.
  
  50-100
- C.
  
  200-300
- D.
  
  500 or more
- E.
  
  Millions
Correct Answer
A. 1-3

Explanation
The answer of 1-3 is correct because each lobule in the testes contains 1-3 seminiferous tubules. These tubules are responsible for the production and maturation of sperm cells. While the exact number of tubules can vary, it is generally within this range.

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4.

These cells may eventually become spermatozoa
- A.
  
  Sertoli cells
- B.
  
  Sustentacular cells
- C.
  
  Spermatogenic cells
- D.
  
  Chief cells
- E.
  
  Speciation cells
Correct Answer
C. Spermatogenic cells

Explanation
Spermatogenic cells are responsible for the production of spermatozoa, the mature male reproductive cells. These cells undergo a process called spermatogenesis, which involves multiple stages of cell division and differentiation. As the spermatogenic cells mature, they develop into spermatozoa that are capable of fertilizing an egg. Therefore, it is logical to say that these cells may eventually become spermatozoa.

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5.

These cells secrete testosterone.
- A.
  
  Sertoli cells
- B.
  
  Spermatogenic cells
- C.
  
  Leydig cells
- D.
  
  Oogonia
- E.
  
  Chief cells
Correct Answer
C. Leydig cells

Explanation
Leydig cells are responsible for secreting testosterone, a male sex hormone. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. These cells are found in the testes and are stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. Leydig cells are essential for the production of testosterone, which is necessary for sperm production, sexual function, and overall male health.

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6.

This hormone stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone.
- A.
  
  GnRH
- B.
  
  LH
- C.
  
  FSH
- D.
  
  DHT
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. LH

Explanation
LH, or luteinizing hormone, is the correct answer because it stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. Leydig cells are found in the testes and are responsible for producing testosterone, which is a male sex hormone. LH is released by the pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus, specifically gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). LH acts on the Leydig cells to promote testosterone production, which is essential for male reproductive development and function. FSH, or follicle-stimulating hormone, also plays a role in testosterone production, but it primarily stimulates the maturation of sperm in the testes. DHT, or dihydrotestosterone, is a more potent form of testosterone that is produced from testosterone by the action of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase.

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7.

The straight tubules in the testis lead into the:
- A.
  
  Efferent ducts
- B.
  
  Afferent ducts
- C.
  
  Rete testis
- D.
  
  Ductus epididymis
- E.
  
  Epididymis
Correct Answer
C. Rete testis

Explanation
The straight tubules in the testis lead into the rete testis. The rete testis is a network of tubules located at the hilum of the testis. It serves as a collecting system for sperm produced in the testis. From the rete testis, the sperm then move into the efferent ducts, which connect the testis to the epididymis. The epididymis is where sperm maturation and storage occur before they are transported out of the body through the ductus epididymis. Therefore, the correct answer is rete testis.

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8.

The fuction of the epididymis is
- A.
  
  Sperm maturation
- B.
  
  Produce sperm
- C.
  
  Speratid storage
- D.
  
  Provide nutrition to sperm
- E.
  
  Absorption of calcium
Correct Answer
A. Sperm maturation

Explanation
The epididymis is responsible for the maturation of sperm. It provides the environment necessary for sperm to develop and acquire motility. Sperm produced in the testes are immature and incapable of fertilizing an egg. As they pass through the epididymis, they undergo a process called sperm maturation, where they gain the ability to swim and fertilize an egg. Therefore, the correct answer is "Sperm maturation."

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9.

This is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens.
- A.
  
  Urethra
- B.
  
  Spermatic cord
- C.
  
  Inguinal canal
- D.
  
  Ejaculatory duct
- E.
  
  Prostate
Correct Answer
D. Ejaculatory duct

Explanation
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens. It is responsible for transporting sperm and seminal fluid from the reproductive organs to the urethra during ejaculation. The other options mentioned are not involved in this process.

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10.

This lies posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum and secretes an alkaline, fructose filled fluid.
- A.
  
  Prostate
- B.
  
  Cowper's glands
- C.
  
  Seminal glands
- D.
  
  Spongy urethra
- E.
  
  Prostatic urethra
Correct Answer
C. Seminal glands

Explanation
The correct answer is seminal glands. The seminal glands are located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. They secrete an alkaline fluid that helps neutralize the acidity of the urethra and vagina, and also provides nutrients for the sperm in the form of fructose.

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11.

These are located inferior to the prostate on other side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum.
- A.
  
  Cowper's glands
- B.
  
  Seminal glands
- C.
  
  Ejaculatory ducts
- D.
  
  Urethral ducts
- E.
  
  Prostate
Correct Answer
A. Cowper's glands

Explanation
The Cowper's glands, also known as the bulbourethral glands, are located inferior to the prostate on the other side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum. These glands are responsible for producing a clear, viscous fluid that helps lubricate the urethra and neutralize any acidity from urine residue, creating a more suitable environment for sperm to travel through during ejaculation.

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12.

This is composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue each surrounded by a fibrous tissue.
- A.
  
  Testes
- B.
  
  Prostate
- C.
  
  Bladder
- D.
  
  Penis
- E.
  
  Urethra
Correct Answer
D. Penis

Explanation
The correct answer is Penis. The penis is composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue, namely the two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum, which are surrounded by a fibrous tissue. These erectile tissues fill with blood during sexual arousal, causing the penis to become erect. The penis also contains the urethra, which is the tube through which urine and semen pass. The testes produce sperm, the prostate gland secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm, and the bladder stores urine, but they are not composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue surrounded by fibrous tissue like the penis.

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13.

This ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males.
- A.
  
  Fundiform ligament
- B.
  
  Broad ligament
- C.
  
  Suspensory ligament
- D.
  
  Ejaculatory ligament
- E.
  
  Perineum ligament
Correct Answer
C. Suspensory ligament

Explanation
The suspensory ligament is the correct answer because it is the ligament that arises from the pubic symphysis in males. This ligament attaches to the pubic bone and supports the penis, helping to maintain its position. It is also known as the fundiform ligament or the fundiform ligament of the penis.

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14.

What is produced by the ovaries?
- A.
  
  Primary oocytes, insulin and estrogen
- B.
  
  Secondary oocytes, progesterone and cortisol
- C.
  
  Tertiary oocytes, insulin and estrogen
- D.
  
  Secondary oocytes, estrogen and progesterone
- E.
  
  Primary oocytes, estrogen and testosterone
Correct Answer
D. Secondary oocytes, estrogen and progesterone

Explanation
The correct answer is secondary oocytes, estrogen, and progesterone. The ovaries are responsible for producing and releasing eggs, which are called oocytes. These oocytes develop into secondary oocytes, which can be fertilized by sperm. The ovaries also produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which play important roles in regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the uterus for pregnancy.

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15.

This attaches the ovaries and the uterus to the pelvic wall.
- A.
  
  Broad ligament
- B.
  
  Mesovarium
- C.
  
  Ovarian ligament
- D.
  
  Suspensory ligament
- E.
  
  Hilum
Correct Answer
D. Suspensory ligament

Explanation
The suspensory ligament is responsible for attaching the ovaries and the uterus to the pelvic wall. This ligament provides support and stability to the reproductive organs, allowing them to maintain their position within the pelvis. It also contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the ovaries, ensuring their proper function.

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16.

This is the site of fertilization.
- A.
  
  Ureters
- B.
  
  Urethra
- C.
  
  Uterine tubes
- D.
  
  Ovaries
- E.
  
  Vagina
Correct Answer
C. Uterine tubes

Explanation
The uterine tubes, also known as fallopian tubes, are the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system. These tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and play a crucial role in the process of conception. During ovulation, an egg is released from the ovary and travels through the uterine tube. If sperm is present in the tube, fertilization can occur as the sperm meets the egg. The fertilized egg then continues its journey towards the uterus for implantation. Therefore, the uterine tubes are responsible for facilitating the meeting of sperm and egg, making them the site of fertilization.

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17.

This is the portion of the uterus that opes into the vagina.
- A.
  
  Urethra
- B.
  
  Cervix
- C.
  
  Uterine tubes
- D.
  
  Inguinal canal
- E.
  
  Ovaries
Correct Answer
B. Cervix

Explanation
The cervix is the correct answer because it is the portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It acts as a barrier between the uterus and the vagina, and it plays a crucial role in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. The cervix also produces mucus that changes in consistency throughout the menstrual cycle to aid in fertility and protect the reproductive system from infections.

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18.

Anterior to the vagina and urethral openings is the
- A.
  
  Labia majora
- B.
  
  Labia minora
- C.
  
  Mons pubis
- D.
  
  Cervical sphincter
- E.
  
  Labial frenulum
Correct Answer
C. Mons pubis

Explanation
The Mons pubis is a rounded, fatty area located over the pubic bone in females. It is anterior to the vagina and urethral openings. The Labia majora and Labia minora are external folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening, while the Cervical sphincter is a muscle located at the opening of the cervix. The Labial frenulum is a small fold of tissue on the inner surface of the labia minora. Therefore, the Mons pubis is the correct answer as it is the specific anatomical structure that is anterior to the vagina and urethral openings.

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19.

Skene's glands secrete
- A.
  
  Estrogen
- B.
  
  Progesterone
- C.
  
  Testosterone
- D.
  
  Androgens
- E.
  
  Mucus
Correct Answer
E. Mucus

Explanation
Skene's glands, also known as the paraurethral glands, are located near the urethra in females. These glands secrete mucus, which helps to lubricate the urethra and facilitate the passage of urine. The mucus also plays a role in sexual arousal and lubrication during sexual activity. Therefore, the correct answer is mucus.

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20.

..................... secreted by the ............................ controls the ovarian and uterine cycles.
- A.
  
  FSH, anterior pituitary
- B.
  
  LH, anterior pituitary
- C.
  
  GnRH, hypothalamus
- D.
  
  HGH, hypothalamus
- E.
  
  Estrogens, ovaries
Correct Answer
C. GnRH, hypothalamus

Explanation
GnRH, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone, is secreted by the hypothalamus and controls the ovarian and uterine cycles. This hormone stimulates the release of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the anterior pituitary gland, which in turn regulate the development and release of eggs from the ovaries, as well as the production of hormones in the ovaries and uterus. Therefore, GnRH plays a crucial role in the regulation of reproductive processes in females.

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21.

This hormone promotes spermatogenesis.
- A.
  
  Relaxin
- B.
  
  Testosterone
- C.
  
  Inhibin
- D.
  
  Estrogen
- E.
  
  Aldosterone
Correct Answer
B. Testosterone

Explanation
Testosterone is the correct answer because it is a hormone that plays a crucial role in promoting spermatogenesis, which is the process of sperm production in males. Testosterone is primarily produced in the testes and is responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate. It stimulates the production of sperm cells and supports their maturation. Additionally, testosterone is involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males, such as the deepening of the voice and the growth of facial and body hair.

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22.

This hormone triggers ovulation.
- A.
  
  GnRH
- B.
  
  LH
- C.
  
  FSH
- D.
  
  Estrogen
- E.
  
  Progesterone
Correct Answer
B. LH

Explanation
LH, or luteinizing hormone, is responsible for triggering ovulation in females. During the menstrual cycle, LH levels rise, causing the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This hormone plays a crucial role in fertility and the reproductive system. It stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, LH is the correct answer as it directly influences the ovulation process.

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23.

This is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation.
- A.
  
  Progesterone
- B.
  
  Relaxin
- C.
  
  LH
- D.
  
  FSH
- E.
  
  HGH
Correct Answer
A. Progesterone

Explanation
Progesterone is a hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, which is formed after ovulation. It plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining pregnancy if it occurs. Progesterone helps to thicken the uterine lining, making it suitable for implantation of a fertilized egg. It also helps to inhibit contractions of the uterus, preventing premature labor. Therefore, the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum after ovulation is essential for supporting and sustaining a potential pregnancy.

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24.

In this uterine phase, the endometrium becomes more vascular.
- A.
  
  Menstrual phase
- B.
  
  Preovulatory phase
- C.
  
  Proliferative phase
- D.
  
  Follicular phase
- E.
  
  Postovulatory phase
Correct Answer
C. Proliferative pHase

Explanation
During the proliferative phase, which occurs after the menstrual phase, the endometrium starts to thicken and rebuild. This is achieved through an increase in blood vessels within the endometrium, making it more vascular. The proliferative phase prepares the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg by creating a nourishing environment through increased blood flow.

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25.

This is the ovarian phase between the end of menstruation and beginning of ovulation.
- A.
  
  Menstrual phase
- B.
  
  Proliferative phase
- C.
  
  Follicular phase
- D.
  
  Postovulatory phase
Correct Answer
C. Follicular pHase

Explanation
The follicular phase, also known as the preovulatory phase, is the part of the ovarian cycle that occurs between the end of menstruation and the beginning of ovulation. During this phase, follicles in the ovary mature under the influence of hormones like FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), culminating in the selection of a dominant follicle that will eventually release an egg during ovulation. This phase is critical for the preparation of the endometrium for potential pregnancy.

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26.

The septum of the tissue is made up of superficial fascia and which muscle tissue?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  F
- D.
  
  G
- E.
  
  I
Correct Answer
E. I

Explanation
The correct answer is I. The septum of the tissue is made up of superficial fascia and muscle tissue I.

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27.

What does "A" point to?
- A.
  
  Lymphatic vessels
- B.
  
  Pampiniform plexus
- C.
  
  Internal spermatic fasica
- D.
  
  Spermatic cord
- E.
  
  Fundiform ligament
Correct Answer
D. Spermatic cord

Explanation
"A" refers to the object being pointed to in the question. In this case, "A" is pointing to the spermatic cord.

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28.

Which structure has a portion removed in vasectomy?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  D
- C.
  
  E
- D.
  
  G
- E.
  
  I
Correct Answer
B. D

Explanation
In a vasectomy, a portion of the vas deferens, which is a structure that transports sperm from the testicles to the urethra, is removed. This procedure is done as a form of permanent contraception for males, as it prevents sperm from being ejaculated during sexual intercourse. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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29.

What does "G" point to?
- A.
  
  Dartos muscle
- B.
  
  Cremaster muscle
- C.
  
  Fascia
- D.
  
  Tunica albuginea
- E.
  
  Tunica vaginalis
Correct Answer
E. Tunica vaginalis

Explanation
The correct answer is Tunica vaginalis. The question is asking what "G" points to, and the correct answer is the tunica vaginalis. The tunica vaginalis is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the testis and helps to protect and support it. It is derived from the peritoneum and forms a sac-like structure around the testis. The other options mentioned, such as the dartos muscle, cremaster muscle, fascia, and tunica albuginea, are all different structures in the male reproductive system, but they are not what "G" specifically points to.

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30.

What is "C" pointing to?
- A.
  
  Efferent duct
- B.
  
  Body of epididymis
- C.
  
  Straight tubule
- D.
  
  Seminiferous tubule
- E.
  
  Lobule
Correct Answer
B. Body of epididymis

Explanation
"C" is pointing to the body of the epididymis. The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the back of the testicle that serves as a storage and maturation site for sperm. It is divided into three parts: the head, body, and tail. The body of the epididymis is the middle portion and is responsible for storing and transporting sperm from the testicles to the vas deferens.

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31.

Where are the straight tubules?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
Correct Answer
E. E

Explanation
The straight tubules are located in option E.

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32.

What is "F" pointing to?
- A.
  
  Ductus epididymis
- B.
  
  Rete testis
- C.
  
  Efferent duct
- D.
  
  Afferent duct
- E.
  
  Seminiferous tubules
Correct Answer
E. Seminiferous tubules

Explanation
"F" is pointing to the seminiferous tubules. The seminiferous tubules are the site of sperm production in the testes. They are coiled structures within the testes where spermatozoa are formed through the process of spermatogenesis. The other options, such as the ductus epididymis, rete testis, efferent duct, and afferent duct, are all parts of the male reproductive system but are not specifically being pointed to by "F" in this context.

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33.

This attaches the ovaries to the uterus.
- A.
  
  B
- B.
  
  C
- C.
  
  E
- D.
  
  G
- E.
  
  H
Correct Answer
C. E
34.

What is "C" pointing to?
- A.
  
  Bladder
- B.
  
  Fimbriae
- C.
  
  Ovary
- D.
  
  Uterus
- E.
  
  Perineum
Correct Answer
C. Ovary

Explanation
"C" is pointing to the ovary. The ovary is a female reproductive organ that produces eggs and hormones. It is located in the pelvic region, near the uterus.

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35.

This is the site of implantation of a fertilzed ovum.
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  F
Correct Answer
D. D

Explanation
The site of implantation of a fertilized ovum refers to the location where the fertilized egg attaches and embeds itself in the uterus lining. Option D is the correct answer because it is the only option that represents a specific location within the reproductive system where implantation occurs. Options A, B, C, and F do not provide any information about the site of implantation.

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36.

This opens from the uterus to the vagina.
- A.
  
  E
- B.
  
  F
- C.
  
  G
- D.
  
  H
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. F

Explanation
The correct answer is F because the statement "This opens from the uterus to the vagina" suggests that there is a specific structure or organ being referred to. Among the options given, only F represents the cervix, which is the gateway from the uterus to the vagina.

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37.

This consists of primary oocyte that is surrounded by several layers of cuboidal granulosa cells.
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  F
- E.
  
  H
Correct Answer
B. B

Explanation
The correct answer is B. This is because the presence of a primary oocyte surrounded by several layers of cuboidal granulosa cells is a characteristic feature of a developing ovarian follicle. The granulosa cells provide nourishment and support to the oocyte during its maturation process. Therefore, option B is the most suitable answer based on the given information.

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38.

Where is the mature (graafian) follicle?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  F
- E.
  
  H
Correct Answer
D. F

Explanation
The mature (graafian) follicle is located at position F.

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39.

Where is the corpus albicans?
- A.
  
  F
- B.
  
  G
- C.
  
  H
- D.
  
  I
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the above

Explanation
The corpus albicans is not located in any of the options provided. The corpus albicans is a structure that forms in the ovary after the release of an egg during the menstrual cycle. It is a remnant of the ruptured follicle and is responsible for producing progesterone. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above".

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40.

This will produce progesterone, estrogens, relaxin and inhibin.
- A.
  
  D
- B.
  
  E
- C.
  
  G
- D.
  
  I
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
D. I

Explanation
The statement suggests that the production of progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, and inhibin is associated with the option "I".

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41.

What is "D" pointing to?
- A.
  
  Follicular fluid
- B.
  
  Germinal epithelium
- C.
  
  Ovarian cortex
- D.
  
  Ovarian medulla
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Germinal epithelium

Explanation
The correct answer is germinal epithelium. The question is asking what "D" is pointing to, and the options given are different parts of the ovary. The germinal epithelium is the outermost layer of the ovary, so it is the most likely answer for what "D" is pointing to.

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