Anatomy Quiz Chapter 4
In the past few weeks we have been able to cover many things about the human body anatomy. Do you believe you understood the last four chapters we covered? Take up this easy quiz and see if you need extra study hours before you hit chapter 5. All the best!
- 1.
Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?
- A.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- B.
MUSCLE TISSUE
- C.
NEURAL TISSUE
- D.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- E.
OSSEOUS TISSUE
Correct Answer
E. OSSEOUS TISSUEExplanation
The correct answer is "OSSEOUS TISSUE". The question asks for the tissue category that is not one of the four main categories. The four main tissue categories are connective tissue, muscle tissue, neural tissue, and epithelial tissue. Osseous tissue refers to bone tissue, which falls under the category of connective tissue. Therefore, osseous tissue is not the correct answer as it is part of one of the four main tissue categories.Rate this question:
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- 2.
THE TISSUE THAT ALWAYS HAS A TOP AND A BOTTOM IS
- A.
APICAL TISSUE
- B.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- C.
MUSCLE TISSUE
- D.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- E.
BASAL TISSUE
Correct Answer
B. EPITHELIAL TISSUEExplanation
Epithelial tissue is the correct answer because it is a type of tissue that always has a top and a bottom. Epithelial tissue is found throughout the body and covers the surfaces of organs, lines body cavities, and forms glands. It is composed of tightly packed cells that are arranged in layers, providing protection and acting as a barrier against pathogens and harmful substances. The top layer of epithelial tissue, known as the apical surface, is exposed to the external environment or internal body cavities, while the bottom layer, called the basal surface, is attached to the underlying connective tissue.Rate this question:
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- 3.
FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIA INCLUDE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT
- A.
ABSORPTION
- B.
PROVIDING PHYSICAL PROTECTION
- C.
PRODUCING SPEALIZED SECREATIONS
- D.
SUPPORTING MUSCLE CELLS
- E.
CONTROLLING PERMEABILITY
Correct Answer
D. SUPPORTING MUSCLE CELLSExplanation
Epithelial cells primarily function in absorption, providing physical protection, producing specialized secretions, and controlling permeability. However, supporting muscle cells is not a function of epithelia. Epithelial tissues are mainly responsible for lining and covering surfaces, forming barriers, and regulating the exchange of substances. Supporting muscle cells is typically carried out by connective tissues, such as tendons or ligaments, which provide structural support and attachment for muscles.Rate this question:
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- 4.
EPITHELIAL CELLS EXHIBIT MODIFICATIONS THAT ADAPT THEM FOR
- A.
SUPPORT
- B.
CIRCULATION
- C.
CONDUCTION
- D.
SECREATION
- E.
CONTRACTION
Correct Answer
D. SECREATIONExplanation
Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for secretion. This is because epithelial cells are responsible for producing and releasing various substances, such as hormones, enzymes, and mucus. These cells have specialized structures, such as goblet cells and exocrine glands, that enable them to secrete these substances. These modifications allow epithelial cells to perform their function of secreting substances that are essential for various physiological processes in the body.Rate this question:
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- 5.
EPITHELIAL CELLS THAT ARE ADAPTED FOR ABSORPTION OR SECREATION USUALLY HAVE ....... AT THEIR FREE SURFACE
- A.
JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES
- B.
MITOCHONDRIA
- C.
CONDUCTION
- D.
SECREATON
- E.
CONTRACTION
Correct Answer
D. SECREATONExplanation
Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have secretion at their free surface. This is because these cells are specialized for transporting substances across their membranes. They have specific structures, such as secretory granules or microvilli, that aid in the secretion or absorption of molecules. These cells are commonly found in glands or organs involved in secretion or absorption, such as the digestive tract or sweat glands.Rate this question:
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- 6.
DEAD SKIN CELLS ARE SHED IN THE SHEETS BECAUSE THEY ARE HELD TOGETHER BY SPOTS, SUCH STRONG INTERCELLUAR CONNECTIONS ARE CALLED
- A.
JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES
- B.
INTERMEDIATE JUNCTIONS
- C.
GAP JUNCTIONS
- D.
DESMOSOMES
- E.
TIGHT JUNCTIONS
Correct Answer
D. DESMOSOMESExplanation
Desmosomes are strong intercellular connections that hold cells together tightly. They are responsible for the adhesion of cells in tissues that experience mechanical stress, such as the skin. Dead skin cells are shed in the sheets because the desmosomes that hold them together break down, allowing the cells to be sloughed off.Rate this question:
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- 7.
EPITHELIUM IS CONNECTED TO UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE TISSUE BY
- A.
INTERFACIAL CANALS
- B.
PROTEOGLYCAN
- C.
BASAL LAMINA
- D.
RETICULAR LAMINA
- E.
KERATIN
Correct Answer
C. BASAL LAMINAExplanation
Epithelium is connected to the underlying connective tissue by the basal lamina. The basal lamina is a thin layer of extracellular matrix that separates the epithelium from the connective tissue. It provides structural support to the epithelium and helps in anchoring the epithelial cells to the underlying tissue. It also acts as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of molecules between the epithelium and the connective tissue. The basal lamina is composed of various proteins, including laminin, collagen, and proteoglycans, which contribute to its structural and functional properties.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The basic shapes of epithelial cells include all of the following, except
- A.
Cuboidal.
- B.
Oval.
- C.
Columnar.
- D.
Squamous.
- E.
Both A and B
Correct Answer
B. Oval.Explanation
Epithelial cells are classified into different shapes based on their appearance. The basic shapes of epithelial cells include cuboidal, columnar, and squamous. Cuboidal cells are cube-shaped, columnar cells are tall and rectangular, and squamous cells are flat and thin. Oval cells, however, are not considered a basic shape of epithelial cells. Therefore, the correct answer is oval.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the
- A.
Kidneys.
- B.
Large intestine.
- C.
Urinary bladder.
- D.
Mouth.
- E.
Heart and blood vessels.
Correct Answer
E. Heart and blood vessels.Explanation
Mesothelium is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the body cavities, such as the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities. Endothelium, on the other hand, is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels and the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is "heart and blood vessels" because endothelium is specifically related to these structures.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as
- A.
Simple squamous.
- B.
Transitional.
- C.
Stratified squamous.
- D.
Simple cuboidal.
- E.
Stratified cuboidal.
Correct Answer
A. Simple squamous.Explanation
The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as simple squamous because this type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of flat cells. This arrangement allows for efficient diffusion of gases and nutrients across the thin epithelial barrier. The cells are tightly packed together, providing a smooth surface and reducing friction. This type of epithelium is found in areas where filtration and exchange of substances are important, such as the lining of blood vessels and the alveoli of the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false
- A.
They line internal compartments and passageways
- B.
They are avascular.
- C.
They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
- D.
They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs.
- E.
They afford little mechanical protection.
Correct Answer
C. They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.Explanation
Simple epithelia do not cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. Simple epithelia are single layers of cells that line internal compartments and passageways, and they are avascular. They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs and afford little mechanical protection. However, surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress are typically covered by stratified epithelia, which consist of multiple layers of cells.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found
- A.
Forming the kidney tubules.
- B.
Lining the trachea.
- C.
At the surface of the skin.
- D.
Lining the air sacs of the lungs
- E.
Lining blood vessels.
Correct Answer
A. Forming the kidney tubules.Explanation
Simple cuboidal epithelium is a type of tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. It is specialized for secretion and absorption, and is found in areas where these functions are important. The kidney tubules are responsible for the reabsorption of water, ions, and other molecules from the filtrate, as well as the secretion of waste products. Therefore, it makes sense that simple cuboidal epithelium would be found in the kidney tubules, as it allows for efficient absorption and secretion processes.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Simple columnar epithelia are found
- A.
Lining the ducts that drain sweat glands
- B.
Lining the stomach.
- C.
Lining kidney tubules.
- D.
Lining the urinary bladder
- E.
At the surface of the skin.
Correct Answer
B. Lining the stomach.Explanation
Simple columnar epithelia are found lining the stomach because these cells are tall and closely packed together, forming a single layer that lines the stomach. This type of epithelium provides protection and secretion in the stomach, allowing for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of digestive enzymes and mucus. The other options mentioned, such as lining the ducts that drain sweat glands, lining kidney tubules, lining the urinary bladder, and being at the surface of the skin, are not characteristic of simple columnar epithelia.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The heart and blood vessels are lined by
- A.
Simple columnar epithelium
- B.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- C.
Simple cuboidal epithelium.
- D.
Simple squamous epithelium.
- E.
Transitional epithelium.
Correct Answer
D. Simple squamous epithelium.Explanation
The heart and blood vessels are lined by simple squamous epithelium because this type of epithelium is thin and allows for rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients across its surface. It also provides a smooth lining that reduces friction as blood flows through the vessels. Simple squamous epithelium is found in areas where filtration or exchange of substances occurs, making it well-suited for the function of the heart and blood vessels.Rate this question:
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- 15.
You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the
- A.
Surface of the skin.
- B.
Secretory portions of the pancreas.
- C.
Urinary bladder.
- D.
Trachea.
- E.
Stomach.
Correct Answer
D. Trachea.Explanation
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a type of tissue that appears to be layered but is actually a single layer of cells. It is characterized by the presence of cilia on the surface of the cells. This type of epithelium is found in the trachea, where it helps to trap and remove foreign particles from the respiratory system. It is not found in the other listed options, such as the surface of the skin, secretory portions of the pancreas, urinary bladder, or stomach.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are
- A.
Interstitial glands
- B.
Holocrine glands.
- C.
Merocrine glands.
- D.
Endocrine glands.
- E.
Exocrine glands.
Correct Answer
D. Endocrine glands.Explanation
Endocrine glands are responsible for secreting hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. These hormones are then transported through the bloodstream to target cells and organs, where they regulate various physiological processes. Unlike exocrine glands, which secrete their products through ducts, endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream without the need for ducts. Therefore, endocrine glands are the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?
- A.
Serous
- B.
Holocrine
- C.
Merocrine
- D.
mucus
- E.
Apocrine
Correct Answer
E. ApocrineExplanation
Apocrine secretion is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product. This means that when the cell releases its secretory product, a portion of the cytoplasm is also lost. This is different from other types of secretion, such as merocrine, where the secretory product is released without any loss of cytoplasm. Therefore, apocrine is the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by
- A.
Mast cells.
- B.
Macrophages.
- C.
Melanocytes.
- D.
Fibroblasts.
- E.
Adipocytes.
Correct Answer
D. Fibroblasts.Explanation
Fibroblasts are responsible for producing connective tissue fibers. These cells are found in connective tissues throughout the body and play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of tissues. They secrete proteins such as collagen and elastin, which form the fibers that provide strength and flexibility to the connective tissue. Mast cells, macrophages, melanocytes, and adipocytes have different functions and are not directly involved in the production of connective tissue fibers.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Cells that store fat are called
- A.
Macrocytes.
- B.
Melanocytes.
- C.
Adipocytes.
- D.
Podocytes.
- E.
Cellulocytes
Correct Answer
C. Adipocytes.Explanation
Adipocytes are cells that store fat. They are responsible for storing energy in the form of fat and releasing it when needed. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining energy balance and regulating body weight. Other options such as macrocytes, melanocytes, podocytes, and cellulocytes do not specifically store fat and are involved in different functions in the body.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.
- A.
Regular dense connective
- B.
Irregular dense connective
- C.
Loose connective
- D.
Adipose
- E.
Reticular connective
Correct Answer
E. Reticular connectiveExplanation
The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of reticular connective tissue. Reticular connective tissue is a type of specialized connective tissue that provides structural support to these organs. It is composed of reticular fibers and reticular cells, which form a mesh-like network. This network helps to support and anchor the cells and structures within these organs, allowing them to function properly.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is
- A.
Elastin
- B.
Connectin.
- C.
Actin.
- D.
Collagen.
- E.
Myosin.
Correct Answer
D. Collagen.Explanation
Dense connective tissue is primarily composed of collagen fibers. Collagen is a strong and flexible protein that provides structural support and strength to tissues. It helps in maintaining the shape and integrity of the tissue, making it the dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue. Elastin, connectin, actin, and myosin are not the dominant fiber types in this type of tissue.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are
- A.
Tendons.
- B.
Ligaments.
- C.
Areolar tissue.
- D.
Reticular tissues.
- E.
Dense irregular connective tissues.
Correct Answer
E. Dense irregular connective tissues.Explanation
Dense irregular connective tissues provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions. Unlike tendons and ligaments, which provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses in specific directions, dense irregular connective tissues are able to withstand stresses from multiple directions. Areolar tissue and reticular tissues do not provide as much strength and support as dense irregular connective tissues.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood
- A.
Platelet
- B.
Monocyte
- C.
Leukocyte
- D.
Phagocyte
- E.
Erythrocyte
Correct Answer
E. ErythrocyteExplanation
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, make up almost half the volume of blood. These cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to different parts of the body and removing carbon dioxide. They are small, flexible, and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to squeeze through narrow blood vessels. Erythrocytes do not have a nucleus, allowing them to carry more oxygen. Their high concentration in the blood gives it its characteristic red color.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
- A.
Epithelium.
- B.
Blood.
- C.
Fat.
- D.
Neural tissue.
- E.
Bone.
Correct Answer
E. Bone.Explanation
Chondrocytes are specialized cells found in cartilage, responsible for producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix of the tissue. Similarly, osteocytes are specialized cells found in bone, responsible for maintaining the mineralized matrix of the tissue. Therefore, the relationship between chondrocytes and cartilage is analogous to the relationship between osteocytes and bone.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
- A.
Lacunae.
- B.
Perichondrium.
- C.
Periosteum.
- D.
Matrix
- E.
Canaliculi.
Correct Answer
B. Perichondrium.Explanation
Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is found in various parts of the body, such as the nose, ears, and joints. It is separated from the surrounding tissues by a fibrous covering called the perichondrium. The perichondrium provides support and protection to the cartilage, as well as a source of nutrients. It also contains cells that can differentiate into cartilage cells, aiding in the growth and repair of the tissue. The other options, such as lacunae, periosteum, matrix, and canaliculi, are not involved in the separation of cartilage from surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.
- A.
Elastic
- B.
Ligamentous
- C.
Osseous
- D.
Hyaline
- E.
Fibrous
Correct Answer
D. HyalineExplanation
Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage found in the body. It is characterized by its glassy appearance and smooth surface. Hyaline cartilage provides support and flexibility to various structures such as the nose, trachea, and the ends of long bones. It is also found in the joints, providing cushioning and reducing friction between bones. Elastic cartilage is found in structures that require more flexibility, such as the ear. Ligamentous, osseous, and fibrous are not types of cartilage, but rather refer to other tissues in the body.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Osseous tissue is also called
- A.
Fat.
- B.
Cellulite.
- C.
Ligament.
- D.
Cartilage.
- E.
Bone.
Correct Answer
E. Bone.Explanation
Osseous tissue is the scientific term for bone tissue. It is the main component of the skeletal system in vertebrates, providing support, protection, and movement. It is a hard and dense tissue that consists of cells called osteocytes embedded in a matrix of calcium phosphate and collagen fibers. Osseous tissue is responsible for the strength and structure of bones in the body.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body
- A.
Serous
- B.
Cutaneous
- C.
Synovial
- D.
Mucous
- E.
Pleural
Correct Answer
D. MucousExplanation
Mucous membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body. These membranes are found in areas such as the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. They secrete mucus, which helps to protect and lubricate the surfaces of these cavities. Serous membranes line the internal cavities of the body, such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Cutaneous membranes refer to the skin, which is the outermost layer of the body. Synovial membranes line the joints and produce synovial fluid. Pleural membranes specifically line the pleural cavity, which surrounds the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is mucous.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of
- A.
Serous membranes
- B.
The lamina propria.
- C.
Synovial membranes.
- D.
Mucous membranes.
- E.
Cutaneous membranes.
Correct Answer
A. Serous membranesExplanation
Serous membranes are responsible for reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity. These membranes produce a watery fluid that acts as a lubricant, allowing the organs to move smoothly against each other. The serous membranes line the walls of body cavities and cover the organs within them, such as the pleura in the thoracic cavity and the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity. This lubrication provided by serous membranes helps to prevent damage and allows for efficient movement and functioning of the organs.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
- A.
Peritoneum.
- B.
Pericardium.
- C.
Perichondrium
- D.
Periosteum.
- E.
Pleura.
Correct Answer
A. Peritoneum.Explanation
The correct answer is peritoneum. The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. It covers the organs within the abdomen and helps to protect and support them. The pericardium is the serous membrane that surrounds the heart, the perichondrium is the connective tissue membrane that covers cartilage, the periosteum is the connective tissue membrane that covers bone, and the pleura is the serous membrane that lines the lungs and thoracic cavity.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of these refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon
- A.
Subcutaneous layer
- B.
Superficial fascia
- C.
Deep fascia
- D.
Subserous fascia
- E.
Hypodermis
Correct Answer
C. Deep fasciaExplanation
Deep fascia refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon. It provides support and protection to the muscle, helping to maintain its shape and structure. The deep fascia also helps to transmit forces generated by the muscle to the surrounding tissues and bones, allowing for efficient movement and function.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue
- A.
Muscle
- B.
Epithelial
- C.
Nerve
- D.
Dense connective
- E.
Loose connective
Correct Answer
A. MuscleExplanation
Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction. It is composed of long, cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that have the ability to contract and generate force. This tissue is responsible for movement in the body, including voluntary movements controlled by the skeletal muscles and involuntary movements controlled by smooth and cardiac muscles. Muscle tissue is highly vascularized and contains proteins called actin and myosin which interact to produce the contraction.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Satellite cells are found in association with
- A.
Skeletal muscle.
- B.
Involuntary muscle.
- C.
Smooth muscle.
- D.
Cardiac muscle.
- E.
Both C and D
Correct Answer
A. Skeletal muscle.Explanation
Satellite cells are a type of stem cell that are found in association with skeletal muscle. They play a crucial role in muscle regeneration and repair. When muscle tissue is damaged or injured, satellite cells become activated and differentiate into new muscle cells to replace the damaged ones. This process helps to maintain and repair skeletal muscle tissue. Satellite cells are not found in association with involuntary muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle. Therefore, the correct answer is skeletal muscle.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle
- A.
Multinucleated
- B.
Skeletal
- C.
Cardiac
- D.
Smooth
- E.
Voluntary
Correct Answer
D. SmoothExplanation
Smooth muscle is the correct answer because it is the only type of muscle tissue that does not have striations. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels, and its contraction is involuntary. Unlike skeletal and cardiac muscle, smooth muscle cells are not multinucleated.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.
- A.
Osseous
- B.
Areolar
- C.
Neural
- D.
Epithelial
- E.
Connective
Correct Answer
C. NeuralExplanation
Neural tissue is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses. It is found in the nervous system and consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals, or impulses, throughout the body. They have long, branching extensions called axons that allow for the transmission of these impulses. Neural tissue is crucial for the functioning of the nervous system and allows for the coordination and communication of the body's various systems.Rate this question:
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- 36.
All of the following are true of neurons, except that
- A.
They are composed of a soma and axon
- B.
They conduct a nervous impulse.
- C.
They are separated from one another by synapses.
- D.
They are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
- E.
When mature, they lose the ability to divide.
Correct Answer
D. They are a very specialized form of connective tissue.Explanation
Neurons are not a form of connective tissue; they are specialized cells that make up the nervous system. Neurons have a soma (cell body) and axon, and they conduct nerve impulses. They are separated from each other by synapses, which are the junctions where signals are transmitted between neurons. While most cells in the body have the ability to divide, mature neurons typically lose this ability.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following terms refers to a reversible change in the normal shape, size, and organization of tissue cells
- A.
Inflammation
- B.
Metastasis
- C.
Anaplasia
- D.
Metaplasia
- E.
Dysplasia
Correct Answer
E. DysplasiaExplanation
Dysplasia refers to a reversible change in the normal shape, size, and organization of tissue cells. This term is used to describe abnormal growth or development of cells, which can potentially progress to cancer if left untreated. Inflammation refers to the body's response to injury or infection, metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body, anaplasia refers to the loss of normal cell differentiation, and metaplasia refers to the transformation of one type of tissue into another type.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Germinative cells
- A.
Cannot divide.
- B.
Make up most of the epithelial type of tissue.
- C.
Divide continually to produce new epithelial cells
- D.
Start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue.
- E.
Cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue.
Correct Answer
C. Divide continually to produce new epithelial cellsExplanation
Germinative cells are a type of stem cells found in epithelial tissue. These cells have the ability to divide continually, which means they can undergo cell division to produce new epithelial cells. This process is important for the growth and regeneration of epithelial tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is that germinative cells divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Cells that are specialized for secretion
- A.
Have a free surface that is flat
- B.
Are usually squamous.
- C.
Have a small nucleus.
- D.
Are found only in the digestive system.
- E.
Exhibit polarity.
Correct Answer
E. Exhibit polarity.Explanation
Cells that are specialized for secretion exhibit polarity. This means that these cells have distinct regions or surfaces with different functions. One region, known as the apical surface, is responsible for secretion and is often covered in microvilli or cilia. The opposite region, known as the basolateral surface, is involved in interactions with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix. This polarity allows for efficient secretion and regulation of substances. The other options, such as having a flat free surface or being squamous, are not necessarily characteristics of cells specialized for secretion. Additionally, cells specialized for secretion can be found in various organs and systems, not just the digestive system.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion
- A.
Mucous
- B.
Merocrine
- C.
Holocrine
- D.
Serous
- E.
Apocrine
Correct Answer
B. MerocrineExplanation
Watery perspiration is an example of merocrine secretion because merocrine glands release their secretions through exocytosis, which means the secretory cells remain intact and only the secretory product is released. In the case of watery perspiration, the sweat glands release a watery fluid through the sweat ducts onto the surface of the skin. This process does not involve the loss or destruction of the secretory cells, which is characteristic of merocrine secretion.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The pancreas produces ________ secretions
- A.
Serous
- B.
Mucous
- C.
Merocrine
- D.
Secretory
- E.
Exocrine and endocrine
Correct Answer
E. Exocrine and endocrineExplanation
The pancreas is a dual-function gland that produces both exocrine and endocrine secretions. Exocrine secretions are released into ducts and include digestive enzymes that aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Endocrine secretions are released directly into the bloodstream and include hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is "exocrine and endocrine" secretions.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Unicellular exocrine glands secrete
- A.
Sweat.
- B.
Mucus.
- C.
Sebum.
- D.
Insulin.
- E.
Milk.
Correct Answer
B. Mucus.Explanation
Unicellular exocrine glands secrete mucus. Mucus is a slimy substance that is produced by the mucous membranes in the body. It serves as a protective barrier and lubricant for various organs and tissues, such as the respiratory tract and digestive system. It helps to trap and remove foreign particles, bacteria, and viruses, preventing them from entering the body. Mucus also plays a role in maintaining the moisture and pH balance of certain body parts.Rate this question:
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- 43.
A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called
- A.
Compound alveolar.
- B.
Tubuloacinar.
- C.
Simple acinar.
- D.
Compound tubular.
- E.
Simple tubular.
Correct Answer
C. Simple acinar.Explanation
A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct is called a simple acinar gland. In this type of gland, the cells form a single, unbranched pocket or sac-like structure (acinus) with a single duct. The gland does not have any branching ducts or complex structures.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
- A.
Melanocytes.
- B.
Macrophages.
- C.
Mast cells.
- D.
Adipocytes.
- E.
Fibroblasts.
Correct Answer
B. MacropHages.Explanation
Macrophages are cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue. They are part of the immune system and play a crucial role in clearing out pathogens and cellular waste. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, mast cells are involved in allergic reactions, adipocytes store fat, and fibroblasts produce connective tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is macrophages.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Antibodies are produced by
- A.
Microphages
- B.
Fibroblasts.
- C.
Macrophages.
- D.
Mast cells.
- E.
Plasmocytes.
Correct Answer
E. Plasmocytes.Explanation
Plasmocytes are responsible for producing antibodies. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called antigens. Plasmocytes, also known as plasma cells, are a type of white blood cell that specialize in producing and secreting antibodies. They are derived from B cells, which are a type of lymphocyte. When B cells encounter an antigen, they differentiate into plasmocytes and begin producing large amounts of antibodies specific to that antigen. These antibodies then circulate in the bloodstream, helping to neutralize or eliminate the antigen.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are
- A.
Lymphocytes.
- B.
Mast cells.
- C.
Fibroblasts.
- D.
Plasmocytes.
- E.
Mesenchymal stem cells.
Correct Answer
E. Mesenchymal stem cells.Explanation
Mesenchymal stem cells are a type of adult stem cell that can differentiate into various cell types, including fibroblasts. When there is tissue injury, mesenchymal stem cells can divide and differentiate into fibroblasts, which are responsible for producing connective tissue and aiding in the repair process. Lymphocytes, mast cells, and plasmocytes are not directly involved in connective tissue repair.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Unlike cartilage, bone
- A.
Has a matrix that contains collagen.
- B.
Is highly vascular.
- C.
Is a connective tissue.
- D.
Has cells within lacunae.
- E.
Has an outer covering
Correct Answer
B. Is highly vascular.Explanation
Bone is highly vascular because it contains a network of blood vessels. These blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the bone cells, allowing them to function properly. The high vascularity of bone also allows for efficient removal of waste products and facilitates the healing process in case of injury or fracture.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Adhesions of abdominopelvic organs occur when
- A.
Nerve cells are damaged.
- B.
Serous membranes are damaged.
- C.
Synovial membranes are damaged.
- D.
Muscle is damaged.
- E.
Any of the above
Correct Answer
B. Serous membranes are damaged.Explanation
Adhesions of abdominopelvic organs occur when serous membranes are damaged. Serous membranes line the abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within them. When these membranes are damaged, such as through inflammation or injury, they can stick together and form adhesions. This can lead to organs becoming stuck to each other or to the abdominal wall, causing pain, discomfort, and potentially affecting organ function.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Characteristics of epithelia include
- A.
Avascularity.
- B.
Regeneration.
- C.
Attachment
- D.
Polarity.
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
Epithelia have several characteristics, including avascularity, which means they lack blood vessels. This is important because it allows substances to easily diffuse through the epithelial cells. Epithelia also have the ability to regenerate, meaning they can repair and replace damaged or lost cells. Attachment is another characteristic of epithelia, as they are tightly connected to underlying tissues. Lastly, epithelial cells have polarity, meaning they have distinct apical and basal surfaces. Therefore, all of the above characteristics are true for epithelia.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as
- A.
Psychoepithelia.
- B.
Multilaminar epithelia.
- C.
Neuroepithelia.
- D.
Protective epithelia.
- E.
Neuropsychoepithelia
Correct Answer
C. Neuroepithelia.Explanation
Neuroepithelia are specialized epithelial tissues that are responsible for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing. These tissues contain specialized sensory cells that transmit signals to the nervous system, allowing us to perceive these sensations. The term "neuro" refers to the involvement of the nervous system in these sensory functions, and "epithelia" refers to the tissue type. Therefore, neuroepithelia is the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jul 26, 2009Quiz Created by
Caitlinnorthcutt
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