Anatomy Semester 1 Practice Final 1
First practice semester 1 final for high school level anatomy class.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Functions of the skeletal system include production of
- A.
Blood
- B.
Adipose (fat) tissue in yellow marrow
- C.
Vitamin D
- D.
Vitamin A
Correct Answer
C. Vitamin DExplanation
Bones store adipose in yellow marrow and blood producing cells in red marrow but don't do it themselves.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The _____ suture is between the parietal and temporal bones.
- A.
Squamous
- B.
Sagittal
- C.
Coronal
- D.
Lamboidal
Correct Answer
A. SquamousExplanation
The squamous suture is the correct answer because it is the suture that connects the parietal and temporal bones. This suture is located on the side of the skull, forming a boundary between these two bones. The term "squamous" refers to the flat and scale-like shape of the bones that meet at this suture.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Blood clotting, nerve function, muscle contraction, and bone growth all require
- A.
Ach
- B.
Calcium
- C.
Myosin
- D.
Calcetonin
Correct Answer
B. CalciumExplanation
Calcium is required for blood clotting, nerve function, muscle contraction, and bone growth. It plays a crucial role in these processes by acting as a signaling molecule and facilitating various cellular functions. Calcium ions are involved in the formation of blood clots, transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of muscles, and the maintenance of bone health. Without adequate calcium levels, these processes would be impaired, leading to various health issues.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Muscle contraction that generates movement is called
- A.
Isotonic
- B.
Sarcoplasmic
- C.
Isometric
- D.
Flexion
Correct Answer
A. IsotonicExplanation
Isometric doesn't move and Flexion is a type of movementRate this question:
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- 5.
These filaments are composed of actin.
- A.
Thick
- B.
Thin
- C.
Z-line
- D.
Myofibril
Correct Answer
B. ThinExplanation
Actin is a protein that is a major component of thin filaments in muscle cells. These thin filaments are responsible for muscle contraction. The other options, thick filaments, z-line, and myofibril, are not composed of actin. Thick filaments are made up of myosin, z-line is a structure that anchors the thin filaments, and myofibril is a bundle of protein filaments that make up a muscle cell. Therefore, the correct answer is thin.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Network of tubules that store Ca in skeletal muscle fibers at rest.
- A.
T-tubules
- B.
Sarcolema
- C.
Fasicle
- D.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
D. Sarcoplasmic reticulumExplanation
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules that store calcium in skeletal muscle fibers at rest. It plays a crucial role in muscle contraction by releasing calcium ions into the cytoplasm when a muscle is stimulated. This calcium release triggers a series of events that lead to muscle contraction. Without the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the muscles would not be able to store and release calcium effectively, impairing their ability to contract and function properly.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris are all...
- A.
Quadraceps
- B.
Extendors
- C.
Rotators
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. QuadracepsExplanation
The correct answer is Quadraceps. The vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris are all muscles that make up the quadriceps muscle group. These muscles work together to extend the knee joint and are responsible for movements such as kicking, jumping, and running.Rate this question:
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- 8.
These filaments are composed of myosin.
- A.
Thin
- B.
Thick
- C.
Myofibril
- D.
Z-line
Correct Answer
B. ThickExplanation
The filaments being referred to in the question are composed of myosin. The term "thick" is used to describe these filaments, indicating that they are larger and denser compared to the "thin" filaments. The myosin filaments play a crucial role in muscle contraction by interacting with the thin filaments composed of actin. Therefore, the correct answer is "thick."Rate this question:
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- 9.
Attatchment of muscle to stationary bone is called
- A.
Symphisis
- B.
Suture
- C.
Origin
- D.
Insertion
Correct Answer
C. OriginExplanation
The attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone is referred to as the origin. This is where the muscle begins and remains fixed during contraction. The origin is typically located proximally, closer to the body's midline or center, and is usually the more stable attachment point compared to the insertion, which is the attachment to the moving bone.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Neurotransmitter in muscle contraction...
- A.
Calcetonin
- B.
Parathyroid
- C.
Dihydronium Oxide
- D.
Acetylcholine
Correct Answer
D. AcetylcholineExplanation
Acetylcholine is the correct answer because it is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in muscle contraction. It is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, where it binds to receptors on muscle cells, triggering the contraction of the muscle fibers. This neurotransmitter allows for communication between the nervous system and muscles, enabling voluntary and involuntary movements.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Opening or hole in bone is called
- A.
Foramen
- B.
Condyle
- C.
Cavity
- D.
Canal
Correct Answer
A. ForamenExplanation
Canals are tunnelsRate this question:
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- 12.
The _____ suture divides the skull from left and right.
- A.
Squamous
- B.
Sagittal
- C.
Coronal
- D.
Lamboidal
Correct Answer
B. SagittalExplanation
The sagittal suture is a fibrous joint that divides the skull into left and right halves. It runs along the midline of the skull, from the front to the back. This suture is named after the sagittal plane, which is an imaginary line that divides the body into left and right halves. The sagittal suture is important for the growth and development of the skull, as well as for providing stability and protection to the brain.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The _____ suture is between the parietal and frontal bones.
- A.
Squamous
- B.
Sagittal
- C.
Coronal
- D.
Lamboidal
Correct Answer
C. CoronalExplanation
The coronal suture is the correct answer because it is the suture that connects the parietal and frontal bones. The squamous suture is between the parietal and temporal bones, the sagittal suture is between the two parietal bones, and the lambdoid suture is between the parietal and occipital bones. Therefore, the coronal suture is the only option that fits the given description.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The _____ suture is between the parietal and occipital bones.
- A.
Squamous
- B.
Sagittal
- C.
Coronal
- D.
Lamboidal
Correct Answer
D. LamboidalExplanation
The lambdoidal suture is the correct answer because it is the suture that connects the parietal and occipital bones. The lambdoidal suture is located at the back of the skull and has a distinctive "M" or "V" shape. It is named after the Greek letter lambda, which resembles its shape. The other options, such as squamous, sagittal, and coronal, refer to different sutures in the skull but do not connect the parietal and occipital bones.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Hormones responsible for the homeostasis of blood calcium levels are PTH and
- A.
Calcetonin
- B.
Serotonin
- C.
Myosin
- D.
Acetylcholine
Correct Answer
A. CalcetoninExplanation
Calcetonin is the correct answer because it is a hormone responsible for the homeostasis of blood calcium levels. It works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone tissue and release calcium into the bloodstream. This helps to lower blood calcium levels and maintain a balance in the body. PTH, or parathyroid hormone, is another hormone involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels, but it works by increasing the activity of osteoclasts to release more calcium into the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Unmoveable joints are called...
- A.
Gomphosis
- B.
Diarthroses
- C.
Synarthroses
- D.
Amphiarthroses
Correct Answer
C. SynarthrosesExplanation
Synarthroses are the correct answer because they refer to joints that are immovable or have very limited movement. This type of joint provides stability and support to the body. Examples of synarthroses joints include the sutures in the skull and the joint between the teeth and the sockets in the jawbone. Gomphosis, diarthroses, and amphiarthroses are incorrect because they refer to other types of joints with different degrees of movement.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Slightly moveable joints are called...
- A.
Gomphosis
- B.
Diarthroses
- C.
Synarthroses
- D.
Amphiarthroses
Correct Answer
D. AmpHiarthrosesExplanation
Amphiarthroses refers to slightly moveable joints. This type of joint allows for limited movement and is characterized by the presence of cartilage or fibrous tissue between the bones. Unlike synarthroses (immovable joints) and diarthroses (freely movable joints), amphiarthroses provide some flexibility and allow for small movements, such as in the vertebral column or the pubic symphysis. Gomphosis, on the other hand, is a type of joint found only in the teeth, where they are firmly anchored in the sockets.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A movement that decreases angle between articulating bones
- A.
Flexion
- B.
Extension
- C.
Protraction
- D.
Retraction
Correct Answer
A. FlexionExplanation
Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones. It typically occurs in the sagittal plane and involves bending or decreasing the angle at a joint. This movement is commonly observed in joints such as the elbow, knee, or spine. For example, when a person bends their arm at the elbow, the angle between the upper arm and forearm decreases, demonstrating flexion.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The calf muscle on the back of the leg is called
- A.
Sartorius
- B.
Gastrocnemius
- C.
Biceps femoris
- D.
Soleus
Correct Answer
B. GastrocnemiusExplanation
The correct answer is Gastrocnemius. The calf muscle on the back of the leg is known as the gastrocnemius. It is a large muscle that forms the bulk of the calf and is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot, which means pointing the toes downward. The gastrocnemius is also involved in walking, running, and jumping movements.Rate this question:
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- 20.
This muscle on the back of the forearm attatches to the fingers.
- A.
Palmaris longus
- B.
Brachioradialis
- C.
Extensor digitorum
- D.
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Correct Answer
C. Extensor digitorumExplanation
The extensor digitorum muscle is located on the back of the forearm and attaches to the fingers. It is responsible for extending (straightening) the fingers, allowing them to move away from the palm. This muscle plays a crucial role in activities such as typing, gripping objects, and playing musical instruments.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Tunnel like extensions ofMov the sarcolema into the muscle fiber are
- A.
Sarcomeres
- B.
Tendons
- C.
T-tubles
- D.
Fasicles
Correct Answer
D. FasiclesExplanation
Fasicles are bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue. They are not tunnel-like extensions of the sarcolemma into the muscle fiber. Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units of muscles. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones. T-tubules are invaginations of the sarcolemma that help transmit electrical impulses deep into the muscle fiber. Therefore, the correct answer is Fasicles.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Movement of the forearm. Palm faces backwards.
- A.
Pronation
- B.
Circumduction
- C.
Rotation
- D.
Supination
Correct Answer
A. PronationExplanation
Pronation refers to the movement of the forearm where the palm faces backwards. This movement involves the rotation of the radius bone in the forearm, causing the palm to turn towards the back. It is the opposite movement of supination, where the palm faces forward. Circumduction refers to a circular movement involving flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, while rotation refers to the movement around a central axis. Therefore, the correct answer is pronation.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Each muscle fiber is covered by
- A.
Osteomysium
- B.
Endomysium
- C.
Epimysium
- D.
Perimysium
Correct Answer
B. EndomysiumExplanation
The correct answer is Endomysium. Endomysium is the connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber. It provides support and protection to the muscle fiber, as well as allows for the transmission of nutrients and oxygen. The endomysium also plays a role in connecting neighboring muscle fibers and providing a framework for the muscle tissue.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Each muscle / group of fasicles is covered by
- A.
Osteomysium
- B.
Endomysium
- C.
Epimysium
- D.
Perimysium
Correct Answer
C. EpimysiumExplanation
Epimysium is the correct answer because it is the connective tissue that covers the entire muscle. It surrounds the muscle fibers, providing support and protection. The other options, such as endomysium, perimysium, and osteomysium, are also connective tissues, but they have different roles and cover different parts of the muscle. Endomysium covers individual muscle fibers, perimysium covers groups of muscle fibers called fascicles, and osteomysium is not a recognized term in anatomy. Therefore, the correct answer is epimysium.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Each fasicle is covered by
- A.
Osteomysium
- B.
Endomysium
- C.
Epimysium
- D.
Perimysium
Correct Answer
D. PerimysiumExplanation
The perimysium is the connective tissue layer that surrounds each fascicle, which is a bundle of muscle fibers. It provides support and protection to the fascicle, as well as helps to maintain the structural integrity of the muscle. The perimysium also contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscle fibers within the fascicle.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The lateral movement of the arms away from the body is called...
- A.
Abduction
- B.
Flexion
- C.
Adduction
- D.
Extension
Correct Answer
A. AbductionExplanation
Abduction refers to the lateral movement of the arms away from the body. It is the correct answer because it accurately describes the specific movement mentioned in the question. Flexion refers to the bending of a joint, adduction refers to the movement towards the midline of the body, and extension refers to the straightening of a joint. These options do not align with the lateral movement described in the question.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Rectus abdominis, external abdominal obligques, and latissimus dorsi all attatch to the pelvic bone and
- A.
Spine (thorasic)
- B.
Ribs
- C.
Spine (cervical)
- D.
Ischium
Correct Answer
B. RibsExplanation
The correct answer is Ribs. The rectus abdominis, external abdominal obliques, and latissimus dorsi all attach to the ribs. These muscles play a role in stabilizing the trunk and aiding in movements such as flexion, rotation, and lateral bending of the torso. Attaching to the ribs allows them to have a strong connection to the thoracic cage, providing support and contributing to the overall strength and stability of the core.Rate this question:
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- 28.
You are using this contraction when you try to lift something too heavy to move.
- A.
Extension
- B.
Isotonic
- C.
Isometric
- D.
Flexion
Correct Answer
C. IsometricExplanation
Isometric contraction refers to the contraction of a muscle without any change in its length. This type of contraction occurs when you try to lift something too heavy to move because the muscle is generating force but there is no movement happening. Therefore, isometric contraction is the correct answer for this question.Rate this question:
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- 29.
These vertebra connect with the ribs.
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Lamboidal
- D.
Thorasic
Correct Answer
D. ThorasicExplanation
The correct answer is "Thoracic" because the thoracic vertebrae are the ones that connect with the ribs. The thoracic vertebrae are located in the middle of the spine and there are 12 of them. They are larger and stronger than the cervical and lumbar vertebrae, and their main function is to provide support and protection to the organs in the chest region.Rate this question:
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- 30.
These vertebra connect with the head.
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Lamboidal
- D.
Thorasic
Correct Answer
A. CervicalExplanation
The correct answer is "Cervical" because the cervical vertebrae are the bones in the neck region that connect with the head. They provide support and flexibility to the head and neck, allowing for movement and protection of the spinal cord. The cervical vertebrae are located at the top of the spinal column and are numbered C1 to C7.Rate this question:
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- 31.
These vertebra are the largest and strongest.
- A.
Cervical
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Lamboidal
- D.
Thorasic
Correct Answer
B. LumbarExplanation
The lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the spine. They are located in the lower back region and support the weight of the upper body. These vertebrae have larger bodies and thicker bones compared to other vertebrae, allowing them to withstand greater pressure and provide stability to the spine. Their size and strength make them well-suited for bearing the weight and stress of daily activities and movements.Rate this question:
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- 32.
This type of bone cell makes new bone cells.
- A.
Osteocyte
- B.
Osteoblast
- C.
Osteogenic
- D.
Osteoclast
Correct Answer
C. OsteogenicExplanation
Osteogenic cells are responsible for making new bone cells. They are found in the inner layer of the periosteum and the endosteum. These cells have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Osteogenic cells play a crucial role in bone remodeling and repair processes, as they are involved in the production of new bone tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is osteogenic.Rate this question:
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- 33.
This type of bone cell breaks down bone.
- A.
Osteocyte
- B.
Osteoblast
- C.
Osteogenic
- D.
Osteoclast
Correct Answer
D. OsteoclastExplanation
Osteoclasts are a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue. They are responsible for bone resorption, which is the process of breaking down old or damaged bone and releasing minerals into the bloodstream. Osteoclasts play a crucial role in bone remodeling and maintenance of bone density. They are involved in bone growth, repair, and remodeling in response to mechanical stress or injury. Osteoclasts are derived from the fusion of monocytes, a type of white blood cell, and are characterized by their large size and multiple nuclei.Rate this question:
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- 34.
This type of bone cell makes up the mature bone.
- A.
Osteocyte
- B.
Osteoblast
- C.
Osteogenic
- D.
Osteoclast
Correct Answer
A. OsteocyteExplanation
Osteocytes are the mature bone cells that make up the majority of the bone tissue. They are responsible for maintaining the bone matrix and regulating bone remodeling. Osteocytes are derived from osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Osteogenic cells are the precursor cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts. Osteoclasts, on the other hand, are responsible for bone resorption. Therefore, the correct answer is osteocyte.Rate this question:
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- 35.
This type of bone cell forms bone tissue.
- A.
Osteocyte
- B.
Osteoblast
- C.
Osteogenic
- D.
Osteoclast
Correct Answer
B. OsteoblastExplanation
Osteoblasts are bone cells responsible for the formation of new bone tissue. They play a crucial role in bone development and repair by secreting proteins and minerals that make up the bone matrix. Osteoblasts are derived from osteogenic cells and are involved in the process of bone mineralization. They are responsible for the synthesis and deposition of collagen, which provides the structural framework for bone formation. Osteoblasts also regulate the activity of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. Overall, osteoblasts are essential in maintaining bone health and integrity.Rate this question:
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