Angina Pectoris By Rnpedia.Com
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Goodluck! :-)
- 1.
An agitated, confused female client arrives in the emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, nurse Lily teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:
- A.
2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
- B.
10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate
- C.
18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
- D.
25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate
Correct Answer
B. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrateExplanation
To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces of hard candy, two to three packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of fruit juice. If necessary, this treatment can be repeated in 15 minutes. Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate may not raise the blood glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above normal, causing hyperglycemia.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A patient with angina pectoris is being discharged home with nitroglycerine tablets. Which of the following instructions does the nurse include in the teaching?
- A.
“When your chest pain begins, lie down, and place one tablet under your tongue. If the pain continues, take another tablet in 5 minutes.”
- B.
“Place one tablet under your tongue. If the pain is not relieved in 15 minutes, go to the hospital.”
- C.
“Continue your activity, and if the pain does not go away in 10 minutes, begin taking the nitro tablets one every 5 minutes for 15 minutes, then go lie down.”
- D.
“Place one Nitroglycerine tablet under the tongue every five minutes for three doses. Go to the hospital if the pain is unrelieved.
Correct Answer
D. “Place one Nitroglycerine tablet under the tongue every five minutes for three doses. Go to the hospital if the pain is unrelieved.Explanation
Angina pectoris is caused by myocardial ischemia related to decreased coronary blood supply. Giving nitroglycerine will produce coronary vasodilation that improves the coronary blood flow in 3 – 5 mins. If the chest pain is unrelieved, after three tablets, there is a possibility of acute coronary occlusion that requires immediate medical attention.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following terms refers to chest pain brought on by physical or emotional stress and relieved by rest or medication?
- A.
Angina pectoris
- B.
Atherosclerosis
- C.
Atheroma
- D.
Ischemia
Correct Answer
A. Angina pectorisExplanation
Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia.Atherosclerosis is an abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and lumens. Atheromas are fibrous caps composed of smooth muscle cells that form over lipid deposits within arterial vessels. Ischemia is insufficient tissue oxygenation and may occur in any part of the body.Rate this question:
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- 4.
When the patient with known angina pectoris complains that he is experiencing chest pain more frequently even at rest, the period of pain is longer, and it takes less stress for the pain to occur, the nurse recognizes that the patient is describing
- A.
Unstable angina.
- B.
Intractable angina.
- C.
Variant angina.
- D.
Refractory angina.
Correct Answer
A. Unstable angina.Explanation
Unstable angina is also called crescendo or pre-infarction angina and indicates the need for a change in treatment.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with weight gain, nausea, and a decrease in urine output?
- A.
Angina pectoris
- B.
Cardiomyopathy
- C.
Left-sided heart failure
- D.
Right-sided heart failure
Correct Answer
D. Right-sided heart failureExplanation
Weight gain, nausea, and a decrease in urine output are secondary effects of right-sided heart failure. Cardiomyopathy is usually identified as a symptom of left-sided heart failure. Left-sided heart failure causes primarily pulmonary symptoms rather than systemic ones. Angina pectoris doesn’t cause weight gain, nausea, or a decrease in urine output.Rate this question:
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- 6.
To enhance the percutaneous absorption of nitroglycerine ointment, it would be MOST important for the nurse to select a site that is
- A.
Muscular.
- B.
Near the heart.
- C.
Non-hairy.
- D.
Over a bony prominence.
Correct Answer
C. Non-hairy.Explanation
Nitroglycerine: used in treatment of angina pectoris to reduce ischemia and relieve pain by decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption; dilates veins and arteries. Side effects: throbbing headache, flushing, hypotension, tachycardia. Nursing responsibilities: teach appropriate administration, storage, expected pain relief, side effects. Ointment applied to skin; sites rotated to avoid skin irritaion. Prolonged effect up to 24 hours.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What causes unstable angina?
- A.
Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, often leading to complete occlusion
- B.
Atherosclerosis which reduces O2 to tissue
- C.
Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, always followed by breaking up and embolus formation leading to complete occlusion and infarction
Correct Answer
A. Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, often leading to complete occlusionExplanation
Unstable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which refers to the build-up of plaque in the arteries. In this case, the plaque ruptures, leading to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) on top of the rupture. This thrombus can partially or completely block the blood flow in the artery, resulting in unstable angina. The word "often" suggests that complete occlusion may not always occur, but it is a common outcome.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What are the drug therapy targets for angina treatment?
- A.
Decrease heart rate; increase activation of RAAS system
- B.
Increase cardiac output; decrease body fluid volume
- C.
Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demand
Correct Answer
C. Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demandExplanation
The correct answer is "Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demand." Angina is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Improving myocardial perfusion refers to increasing the blood flow to the heart muscle, which can be achieved through various medications that dilate the blood vessels. Reducing metabolic demand involves decreasing the workload on the heart by lowering heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility. These approaches aim to relieve the symptoms of angina and improve the overall function of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What are the effects of organic nitrates?
- A.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased after-load and decreased cardiac output
- B.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac output
- C.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer
B. Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac outputExplanation
Organic nitrates cause vasodilation, which means they relax and widen the blood vessels. Specifically, they dilate the large veins, leading to a decrease in pre-load. Pre-load refers to the amount of blood returning to the heart, so when it decreases, there is less blood filling the heart chambers during diastole. As a result, the cardiac output, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, also decreases. Therefore, the correct answer states that organic nitrates cause vasodilation, resulting in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac output.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the mechanism by which organic nitrates exert their effects?
- A.
Increased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscle
- B.
Increased PKG which causes relaxation of large veins and arteries
- C.
Decreased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscle
Correct Answer
A. Increased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscleExplanation
Organic nitrates exert their effects by increasing PKG (protein kinase G) levels, which in turn causes relaxation of smooth muscle. This relaxation of smooth muscle leads to vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels. By dilating blood vessels, organic nitrates can improve blood flow and reduce the workload on the heart, making them useful in the treatment of conditions such as angina.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What are the anti-aginal actions of organic nitrates?
- A.
Increase O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to infarct areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion to other organs
- B.
Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion
- C.
Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to infarct areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion
Correct Answer
B. Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusionExplanation
The correct answer is "Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion". Organic nitrates have anti-anginal actions that include decreasing oxygen consumption by the heart, redistributing coronary blood flow to areas with reduced blood supply (ischemic areas), relieving spasms in the coronary arteries, and improving blood flow to other organs.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What causes unstable angina?
- A.
Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, often leading to complete occlusion
- B.
Atherosclerosis which reduces O2 to tissue
- C.
Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, always followed by breaking up and embolus formation leading to complete occlusion and infarction
Correct Answer
A. Atherosclerosis which ruptures, thrombus forms on top, often leading to complete occlusionExplanation
Unstable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries. In this case, the plaque ruptures, leading to the formation of a blood clot or thrombus on top of the plaque. This clot can partially or completely block the artery, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. This reduced oxygen supply to the heart tissue causes unstable angina. While the clot may not always lead to complete occlusion, it can still cause significant narrowing of the artery and potentially result in a heart attack if not treated promptly.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What are the drug therapy targets for angina treatment?
- A.
Decrease heart rate; increase activation of RAAS system
- B.
Increase cardiac output; decrease body fluid volume
- C.
Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demand
Correct Answer
C. Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demandExplanation
The drug therapy targets for angina treatment are to improve myocardial perfusion and reduce metabolic demand. Angina is caused by an imbalance between the oxygen supply and demand in the heart. By improving myocardial perfusion, the drugs aim to increase blood flow to the heart muscle, ensuring an adequate oxygen supply. Additionally, by reducing metabolic demand, the drugs aim to decrease the workload of the heart, thus reducing the oxygen demand. This combination helps to alleviate the symptoms of angina and improve overall cardiac function.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What are the effects of organic nitrates?
- A.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased after-load and decreased cardiac output
- B.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac output
- C.
Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer
B. Vasodilation; dilation of large veins results in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac outputExplanation
Organic nitrates have the effect of vasodilation, which means they cause the relaxation and widening of blood vessels. Specifically, they cause dilation of large veins. This leads to a decrease in pre-load, which refers to the amount of blood that fills the heart during diastole. With decreased pre-load, the heart has less blood to pump out during systole, resulting in a decrease in cardiac output, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the mechanism by which organic nitrates exert their effects?
- A.
Increased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscle
- B.
Increased PKG which causes relaxation of large veins and arteries
- C.
Decreased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscle
Correct Answer
A. Increased PKG which causes relaxation of smooth muscleExplanation
Organic nitrates exert their effects by increasing the levels of PKG (protein kinase G) in the body. This increase in PKG leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle. Smooth muscle relaxation can occur in various tissues, including blood vessels, which results in vasodilation. This vasodilation helps to reduce the workload on the heart and improve blood flow, making organic nitrates effective in treating conditions such as angina.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What are the anti-aginal actions of organic nitrates?
- A.
Increase O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to infarct areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion to other organs
- B.
Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion
- C.
Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to infarct areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion
Correct Answer
B. Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusionExplanation
The correct answer is "Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion". Organic nitrates have anti-anginal actions that include reducing oxygen consumption, redirecting blood flow to areas with inadequate blood supply (ischemic areas), relieving spasms in the coronary arteries, and improving overall blood flow to various organs in the body.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Angina (angina pectoris) is a type of temporary chest pain, pressure or discomfort.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is indeed a type of temporary chest pain, pressure, or discomfort. It is typically caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscles due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. This lack of blood flow can result in pain or discomfort in the chest area, often described as a squeezing or burning sensation. Angina is usually a symptom of an underlying heart condition, such as coronary artery disease, and can be triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress. Therefore, the given answer, True, accurately reflects the statement provided.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A patient with stable angina is more likely to experience chest pain when the heart needs extra oxygen. During which of the following situations does the heart need extra oxygen?
- A.
Smoking a cigarette
- B.
Eating and digesting a heavy meal
- C.
Running up the stairs or other physical activity
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The heart needs extra oxygen when someone smokes a cigarette, eats a heavy meal, runs up the stairs or engages in other physical activity. Someone with stable angina is more likely to experience chest pain during any of these activities.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 23, 2013Quiz Created by
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