AP Human Geography Agriculture (Rubenstein) Exam Practice Test
Prepare to excel in your AP Human Geography exam with our comprehensive AP human geography agriculture practice test! This carefully crafted quiz is designed to reinforce your understanding of key agricultural concepts, practices, and terminology that are essential for success in the APHG agriculture section.
As you take the quiz, you will encounter a variety of question types that mimic the format of the actual AP human geography agriculture test. Take advantage of this opportunity to boost your confidence and readiness for the AP Human Geography exam. By practicing with our AP human geography agriculture practice test, you’ll be well-equipped Read moreto tackle the agricultural themes on test day and improve your overall performance. Start your preparation now and take a significant step towards achieving your desired score!
AP Human Geography Agriculture Test Questions and Answers
- 1.
The origin of agriculture is located in Asia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The origin of agriculture is located in Asia, specifically in the Fertile Crescent region of the Near East. This area, which includes parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, is where some of the earliest evidence of crop cultivation and animal domestication has been found. This development marks the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution, which transformed human societies from hunter-gatherers to settled agriculturalists.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What does "cultivate" mean?
- A.
To grow
- B.
To make money
- C.
To harvest
- D.
To raise animals
Correct Answer
A. To growExplanation
The term "cultivate" in agriculture refers to the process of preparing land, planting seeds, and nurturing plants to encourage healthy growth. Cultivation includes tasks such as tilling soil, adding nutrients, managing water, and removing weeds, all aimed at creating the best conditions for crops to flourish. While "cultivate" primarily means to grow plants, it also encompasses the care and attention needed to produce healthy, abundant crops.Rate this question:
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- 3.
How were humans surviving before the agricultural revolution? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Growing crops
- B.
Hunting animals
- C.
Planting seeds
- D.
Raising animals
- E.
Gathering crops
Correct Answer(s)
B. Hunting animals
E. Gathering cropsExplanation
Before the agricultural revolution, humans primarily survived through hunting animals for food and gathering wild plants, fruits, and nuts. This hunter-gatherer lifestyle meant that people relied on the natural availability of resources rather than cultivating or raising food themselves. The shift to agriculture allowed for the controlled growing of crops and raising of animals, fundamentally changing human societies.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Hunters and gatherers lived in small groups.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hunter-gatherer societies typically lived in small, nomadic groups. This allowed them to move easily in search of food and resources, as they relied on hunting animals and gathering plants in the wild. The smaller group sizes made it easier to manage resources and move efficiently to new locations when necessary.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The __________ hunted game or fished and the ______________ collected berries, nuts, and roots.
- A.
Men; women
- B.
Women; men
- C.
Elders; children
- D.
Children; elders
Correct Answer
A. Men; womenExplanation
In most traditional hunter-gatherer societies, roles were generally divided based on gender. Men typically hunted game or fished to provide animal-based food sources, while women often gathered edible plants, such as berries, nuts, and roots. This division allowed groups to efficiently use resources and skills for survival. However, these roles could vary by culture and environment, with some societies showing more flexibility in food-gathering roles.Rate this question:
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- 6.
There are still hunters and gatherers in the world today.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
While modern agriculture and urbanization have changed the lifestyle for most of the global population, there are still hunter-gatherer societies existing today. Examples include certain Indigenous groups in the Amazon rainforest, the Hadza people in Tanzania, and some groups in Papua New Guinea and the Arctic. These communities continue to rely on traditional methods of hunting, fishing, and gathering for survival, although many are also adapting due to external influences and pressures on their environments.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What are the two types of cultivation (NOT types of agriculture)?
- A.
Shifting cultivation and intensive cultivation
- B.
Extensive cultivation and monoculture
- C.
Organic cultivation and subsistence cultivation
- D.
Mixed cropping and crop rotation
Correct Answer
A. Shifting cultivation and intensive cultivationExplanation
The correct answer is "Shifting cultivation and intensive cultivation." Shifting cultivation involves moving to new land once soil fertility declines, commonly in traditional agricultural societies. Intensive cultivation, on the other hand, involves maximizing output from a given area, often through the use of fertilizers and efficient crop management. These approaches focus on how land is cultivated rather than the agricultural methods or economic types involved.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following best describes intensive cultivation?
- A.
A farming practice that relies on large areas of land with minimal input.
- B.
A method of agriculture that uses small plots of land and high levels of labor and input to maximize yield.
- C.
A seasonal form of farming that involves rotating fields to prevent soil depletion.
- D.
A type of agriculture-focused solely on livestock production.
Correct Answer
B. A method of agriculture that uses small plots of land and high levels of labor and input to maximize yield.Explanation
The correct answer is A method of agriculture that uses small plots of land and high levels of labor and input to maximize yield. Intensive cultivation involves maximizing productivity from a small area of land, often through practices like the use of fertilizers, irrigation, and labor-intensive planting techniques. This approach contrasts with extensive cultivation, which typically involves larger land areas with lower input levels.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Agriculture probably had one hearth.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Agriculture did not originate from a single hearth; rather, it developed independently in multiple regions around the world. Archaeological evidence suggests that the domestication of plants and animals occurred in various places, including the Fertile Crescent, East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas. Each of these regions developed its own agricultural practices based on local resources and environmental conditions.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is/are the primary hearths of vegetative planting? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Central America
- B.
Northwestern South America
- C.
Sub-Saharan Africa
- D.
West Africa
- E.
Europe
- F.
Middle East
- G.
Southwest Asia
- H.
Southeast Asia
- I.
Oceania
- J.
South Asia
- K.
East Asia
- L.
East Africa
Correct Answer(s)
B. Northwestern South America
D. West Africa
H. Southeast AsiaExplanation
The primary hearths of vegetative planting are as follows:
Southeast Asia: The region's diverse climate and topography created favorable conditions for the early development of vegetative planting. Its variety of ecosystems supported the cultivation of multiple species.
West Africa: This area is significant for the domestication of root crops such as yams and taro. The agricultural practices in this region contributed to the development of early agricultural societies.
Northwestern South America: This region is considered a key hearth for the domestication of root crops like manioc (cassava). The environmental conditions and indigenous knowledge facilitated the cultivation of these vital food sources.
Together, these regions played a crucial role in the early development of agriculture through vegetative planting techniques, influencing food production and cultural practices.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Vegetative planting diffused in all compass directions-northward, eastward, southward, and westward- from the hearth in Southeast Asia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Vegetative planting did indeed diffuse in all compass directions—northward, eastward, southward, and westward—from its hearth in Southeast Asia. This diffusion occurred as agricultural practices and knowledge spread across various regions, leading to the development of farming techniques in different environments and cultures. The movement of peoples, trade, and cultural exchanges facilitated this process, allowing the techniques of vegetative planting to be adopted in areas such as South Asia, East Asia, and beyond.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What did people in Southeast Asia do before they started practicing vegetative planting?
- A.
Developed advanced irrigation systems
- B.
Practiced crop rotation
- C.
Engaged in nomadic hunting and gathering
- D.
Built permanent settlements with farms
Correct Answer
C. Engaged in nomadic hunting and gatheringExplanation
Before the practice of vegetative planting, people in Southeast Asia primarily survived through hunting and gathering, relying on wild resources for food. This nomadic lifestyle involved moving from place to place in search of game and edible plants. As agricultural practices developed, they transitioned to more sedentary lifestyles, eventually leading to the cultivation of crops.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is/are primary hearths of seed agriculture? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Central America
- B.
Northwestern South America
- C.
Sub-Saharan Africa
- D.
West Africa
- E.
Europe
- F.
Middle East
- G.
Southwest Asia
- H.
Southeast Asia
- I.
Oceania
- J.
South Asia
- K.
East Asia
- L.
East Africa
Correct Answer(s)
A. Central America
C. Sub-Saharan Africa
J. South Asia
K. East Asia
L. East AfricaExplanation
The primary hearths of seed agriculture include Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent), where early crops such as wheat and barley were cultivated; East Asia, known for the domestication of rice and millet; Central America, which is recognized for maize, beans, and squash; and Sub-Saharan Africa, where crops like sorghum and millet were developed. These regions played pivotal roles in the origins of agriculture and the domestication of significant crops.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Seed agriculture diffused in all compass directions- northward, eastward, southward, and westward- from the hearth in China.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Seed agriculture diffused in all compass directions—northward, eastward, southward, and westward—from its hearths, including the one in China. As agricultural practices developed, the knowledge of cultivating crops and the seeds themselves spread to neighboring regions and eventually to more distant areas, contributing to the global agricultural landscape we see today. This diffusion was influenced by trade, migration, and cultural exchange, allowing diverse regions to adopt seed agriculture practices over time.Rate this question:
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- 15.
When was seed agriculture starting to become widely practiced in the Western Hemisphere?
- A.
When agriculture diffused from the hearth in Mexico
- B.
When agriculture diffused from the hearth in South America
- C.
When the Europeans brought agriculture with them from Europe
- D.
When the hearth of seed agriculture rose up in the United States
Correct Answer
C. When the Europeans brought agriculture with them from EuropeExplanation
Seed agriculture began to become widely practiced in the Western Hemisphere after European colonization in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Europeans introduced various agricultural practices and crops from their homelands, which led to the establishment of seed agriculture in the Americas. Prior to this, indigenous peoples had their own forms of agriculture, but the introduction of European farming techniques and crops significantly transformed agricultural practices in the region.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What are the primary differences between agriculture practices in the world and those of what two types of regions/countries?
- A.
Africa and Asia
- B.
Northern and Southern Hemispheres
- C.
Eastern and Western Hemispheres
- D.
Land and oceans
- E.
MDCs and LDCs
Correct Answer
E. MDCs and LDCsExplanation
The primary differences between agricultural practices in the world are often characterized by the distinction between More Developed Countries (MDCs) and Less Developed Countries (LDCs). MDCs typically engage in advanced agricultural techniques, industrialized farming, and high yields due to better access to technology, resources, and infrastructure. In contrast, LDCs often rely on traditional farming practices, subsistence agriculture, and may face challenges such as limited access to technology, capital, and markets, leading to lower productivity levels. This divide influences the types of crops grown, farming methods used, and the overall agricultural economy of each region.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What type of agriculture is practiced to produce food for sale off the farm?
- A.
Commercial
- B.
Subsistence
- C.
Seed
- D.
Vegetative Planting
Correct Answer
A. CommercialExplanation
Commercial agriculture is practiced to produce food and other agricultural products primarily for sale off the farm. This type of agriculture involves large-scale production and typically employs modern farming techniques, technology, and practices to maximize yield and efficiency. Unlike subsistence agriculture, where farmers grow food primarily for their own consumption, commercial agriculture focuses on generating profit and meeting market demands, often resulting in specialized crops and livestock production aimed at local or global markets.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What type of agriculture is practiced to feed the farmer and the farmer's family?
- A.
Commercial
- B.
Subsistence
- C.
Seed
- D.
Vegetative Planting
Correct Answer
B. SubsistenceExplanation
Subsistence agriculture is practiced to feed the farmer and the farmer's family. In this type of agriculture, farmers grow a variety of crops and raise livestock primarily for their own consumption rather than for sale in the market. The focus is on producing enough food to meet the household's needs, often leading to a diverse range of crops being cultivated to ensure food security. Subsistence agriculture can involve traditional farming methods, and it is common in many rural and developing areas where farmers rely on their own production to sustain their families.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In LDCs, the production of food to sell to the government or private firms is the main priority.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
In Less Developed Countries (LDCs), the primary focus is often on subsistence agriculture, where farmers produce food mainly for their own consumption and that of their families. While there may be some production for sale to the government or private firms, this is generally not the main priority for most small-scale farmers in LDCs. Many LDCs face challenges such as limited access to markets, resources, and technology, which can hinder large-scale production for sale. Instead, the emphasis is usually on meeting local food needs and ensuring food security for their households.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Farmers in MDC grow crops and raise animals to sell directly to ____________________. (Check all that apply)
- A.
Consumers
- B.
Food-processing companies
- C.
Markets
- D.
Stores
Correct Answer(s)
A. Consumers
B. Food-processing companies
C. Markets
D. StoresExplanation
Farmers in More Developed Countries (MDCs) grow crops and raise animals to sell directly to:
consumers
food-processing companies
markets
stores
These options highlight the various channels through which MDC farmers can sell their agricultural products. They may sell directly to consumers at farmers' markets, supply food-processing companies that convert raw materials into packaged goods, sell their products to grocery stores, or participate in wholesale markets. This versatility allows for greater economic opportunities and access to broader consumer bases compared to farmers in Less Developed Countries (LDCs).Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following options accurately completes the statement regarding the level of involvement in farming among populations in More Developed Countries (MDCs) compared to Less Developed Countries (LDCs)?
- A.
High in MDCs; Low in LDCs
- B.
Low in MDCs; High in LDCs
- C.
High in both MDCs and LDCs
- D.
Low in both MDCs and LDCs
Correct Answer
B. Low in MDCs; High in LDCsExplanation
In More Developed Countries (MDCs), the level of involvement in farming is generally low, as these economies are more industrialized and rely less on agriculture. Conversely, in Less Developed Countries (LDCs), the level of involvement in farming is high, as agriculture remains a critical part of the economy and livelihood for a large portion of the population.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The low percentage of farmers in MDCs explains why MDCs are not able to provide LDCs with food.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The low percentage of farmers in More Developed Countries (MDCs) does not prevent MDCs from providing food to Less Developed Countries (LDCs). Although a smaller proportion of the population in MDCs is directly involved in farming due to advancements in agricultural technology and efficiency, these countries typically produce a surplus of food. This surplus, combined with efficient transportation and distribution systems, enables MDCs to export food to LDCs when needed. Therefore, the ability to provide food is not solely dependent on the percentage of the population involved in agriculture.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The number of farmers have decreased during the twentieth century.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The number of farmers has generally decreased during the twentieth century due to several factors, including industrialization, urbanization, and advancements in agricultural technology. As farming techniques became more efficient and mechanized, fewer farmers were needed to produce the same amount of food. This led to a consolidation of farms and a shift in labor from rural agricultural work to urban industries and services. Consequently, while agricultural production has increased, the number of people employed directly in farming has declined significantly.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Farmers in MDC primarily use what for power? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Human
- B.
Animal
- C.
Machinery
- D.
Hand tools
Correct Answer
C. MachineryExplanation
Farmers in more developed countries rely heavily on machinery as their primary source of power for tasks like planting, harvesting, and managing their large-scale farms. This focus on technology and efficiency reduces the need for human or animal labor and helps increase productivity.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Farmers in LDCs use what for power? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Human
- B.
Animal
- C.
Machinery
- D.
Hand tools
Correct Answer(s)
A. Human
B. Animal
D. Hand toolsExplanation
Farmers in less developed countries utilize a variety of power sources for agriculture, including manual labor, animals like oxen or horses, and essential hand tools. While machinery is used in some cases, its adoption is often limited by factors such as cost, infrastructure, and traditional practices, making human and animal power still prevalent.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The size of a farm in an MDC is bigger than the size of a farm in an LDC.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Farms in More Developed Countries (MDCs) tend to be larger in size compared to farms in Less Developed Countries (LDCs). This difference is often due to various factors such as advancements in technology, access to capital, and the economies of scale that allow MDC farms to operate more efficiently and profitably. In contrast, LDC farms are typically smaller and often focus on subsistence agriculture, where the primary goal is to produce enough food to feed the farmer's family rather than for commercial sale.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The connection between farming and related food production jobs (like processing, packaging, and distribution) is called:
- A.
Industrial agriculture
- B.
Agribusiness
- C.
Commercial farming
- D.
Subsistence agriculture
Correct Answer
B. AgribusinessExplanation
Agribusiness encompasses all the business activities associated with the production, processing, distribution, and sale of agricultural products. It includes not only farming but also related activities such as food processing, packaging, and distribution, which are essential for bringing food from the farm to the consumer. Agribusiness plays a crucial role in the economy, providing jobs and contributing to the agricultural supply chain.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Only 2 percent of the United States population works directly in farming, but around _______% of the population works in agribusiness.
- A.
10%
- B.
20%
- C.
30%
- D.
40%
Correct Answer
B. 20%Explanation
While only a small percentage of the U.S. population is directly involved in farming, a significantly larger portion works in agribusiness. This includes jobs in processing, packaging, transportation, marketing, and sales of agricultural products. Agribusiness is vital to the agricultural economy, illustrating the interconnectedness of farming with broader economic activities that support the food supply chain.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Who created the most widely used map showing the global distribution of subsistence and commercial agriculture?
- A.
Gregor Mendel
- B.
Derwent Whittlesey
- C.
Norman Borlaug
- D.
Carl Sauer
Correct Answer
B. Derwent WhittleseyExplanation
Derwent Whittlesey was a geographer known for his work on agricultural regions. He developed a widely referenced map that categorized various agricultural practices around the world based on their distribution and characteristics. His research helped to understand the differences between subsistence agriculture (which primarily supports the farmer's family) and commercial agriculture (which produces goods for sale), illustrating how geography influences farming practices.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Excluding regions where agriculture is nonexistent, how many agricultural regions did Whittlesey identify on his map?
- A.
5
- B.
10
- C.
11
- D.
17
Correct Answer
C. 11Explanation
Whittlesey identified 11 distinct agricultural regions across the globe in his studies, excluding areas where agriculture does not occur. These regions include both those predominantly in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and More Developed Countries (MDCs). His classifications helped to highlight the diversity of agricultural practices and their geographical distribution.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Derwent Whittlesey classified agricultural practices primarily based on:
- A.
Political boundaries
- B.
Climate
- C.
Cultural preferences
- D.
Technological advancements
Correct Answer
B. ClimateExplanation
Climate plays a critical role in agriculture as it affects the types of crops that can be successfully cultivated and whether livestock can be raised in a particular region. Factors such as temperature, precipitation, and seasonal variations determine the growing conditions for crops and the feasibility of animal husbandry. Whittlesey's classification of agricultural practices reflects the importance of climate in shaping agricultural systems around the world.Rate this question:
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- 32.
In what kind of a region is shifting cultivation practiced?
- A.
Humid Low-Latitude
- B.
Dry
- C.
Warm Mid-Latitude
- D.
Cold Mid-Latitude
- E.
Polar
- F.
Undifferentiated Highlands
Correct Answer
A. Humid Low-LatitudeExplanation
Shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is primarily practiced in humid low-latitude regions characterized by high rainfall and warm temperatures, which support dense tropical vegetation. These conditions enable farmers to clear plots of land for cultivation, grow crops for several years, and then allow the land to regenerate during a fallow period. This agricultural method thrives in environments where soil fertility can be temporarily restored, making humid low-latitude areas ideal for such practices. Other regions, such as dry, cold mid-latitude, or polar areas, lack the necessary climate and ecological conditions for effective shifting cultivation.Rate this question:
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- 33.
A region with a humid low-latitude climate would have:
- A.
High temperatures with abundant rainfall
- B.
Low temperatures with abundant rainfall
- C.
High temperatures with scarce rainfall
- D.
Low temperatures with scarce rainfall
Correct Answer
A. High temperatures with abundant rainfallExplanation
A humid low-latitude climate is characterized by high temperatures, typically exceeding 25°C (77°F), and abundant rainfall, often surpassing 1,500 mm (59 inches) annually. This climate, commonly found near the equator, allows for consistent warmth and high humidity levels, leading to lush vegetation and diverse ecosystems, such as rainforests. The combination of warm temperatures and plentiful precipitation creates ideal conditions for rich biodiversity, distinguishing these regions from cooler or drier climates that do not exist in low-latitude areas.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Why is shifting cultivation called shifting cultivation instead of shifting agriculture? What is the primary difference between the two?
- A.
Crops grown
- B.
Animals raised
- C.
Scale
- D.
Intensity
- E.
Both scale and intensity
Correct Answer
E. Both scale and intensityExplanation
Shifting cultivation is called "shifting cultivation" rather than "shifting agriculture" primarily due to the scale and intensity of the practices involved.
Scale: Shifting cultivation typically refers to small-scale subsistence farming practiced by individuals or families within specific communities. It involves the rotation of fields, allowing land to rest and recover after a period of cultivation. In contrast, the term "agriculture" often implies larger-scale operations that may include commercial farming with more extensive land use.
Intensity: Shifting cultivation is characterized by its low intensity, where farmers cultivate a plot of land for a few years before shifting to another plot, allowing the previously used land to regenerate naturally. This method contrasts with conventional agriculture, which usually involves continuous cultivation of the same land with more intensive practices, such as the use of fertilizers and irrigation.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Specifically, how do farmers clear the land for shifting cultivation?
- A.
Using machines to cut the trees down
- B.
Mowing the grass
- C.
Cutting the grass
- D.
Slashing the vegetation and burning the debris
Correct Answer
D. Slashing the vegetation and burning the debrisExplanation
Farmers clear land for shifting cultivation by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. Initially, they cut down trees, shrubs, and grasses using tools like machetes or hoes, which prepares the area for planting. After the vegetation dries, they burn it, resulting in ash that enriches the soil with nutrients beneficial for crops. This burning also helps control pests and weeds, facilitating easier land preparation. This method supports the sustainability of shifting cultivation, as farmers typically rotate to new plots after a few years, allowing previously cultivated areas to naturally regenerate.Rate this question:
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- 36.
In shifting cultivation, exhausted soil is left fallow for a time period until it is ready for use again.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
True. In shifting cultivation, once the soil becomes exhausted from continuous cropping, it is left fallow for a specific period. During this fallow period, the land is not cultivated, allowing it to recover its fertility naturally. This practice enables the soil to regain nutrients and support the growth of vegetation, which can help restore its productivity for future farming. The length of the fallow period can vary depending on environmental conditions and the specific practices of the farmers.Rate this question:
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- 37.
What is the land cleared by slash-and-burn agriculture called?
- A.
Fallow Land
- B.
Swidden
- C.
Arable Land
- D.
Pasture
Correct Answer
B. SwiddenExplanation
In slash-and-burn agriculture, a piece of land is cleared of vegetation through cutting and burning, creating a temporary agricultural plot known as "swidden." This practice allows farmers to utilize the nutrients released from the burnt vegetation to cultivate crops for a limited time before moving to another area, allowing the cleared land to recover.Rate this question:
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- 38.
In shifting cultivation, hoes, plows, and animals are used to prepare the fields for planting.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
In shifting cultivation, the primary method of land preparation involves slash-and-burn techniques rather than the use of hoes, plows, and animals. Farmers typically clear the land by cutting down vegetation and burning it to enrich the soil. They may use simple hand tools, such as machetes or hoes, for planting but do not generally employ plows or draft animals in the traditional sense. The focus is on utilizing the nutrients from the ash of the burned vegetation for a short period before moving on to another area.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why fields are abandoned in shifting cultivation?
- A.
Infertile soil
- B.
Nutrient depletion
- C.
Water scarcity
- D.
Rapid weed growth
Correct Answer
C. Water scarcityExplanation
In shifting cultivation, fields are typically abandoned due to nutrient depletion, infertile soil, and rapid weed growth. The soil becomes less fertile after continuous cropping, leading to nutrient depletion, which can prompt farmers to move to a new area. Additionally, rapid weed growth can make it difficult to cultivate the land effectively. However, water scarcity is not a primary reason for abandoning fields in this agricultural system. Instead, shifting cultivators often choose new locations based on soil fertility rather than water availability, as they typically rely on the natural moisture present in the humid low-latitude regions where shifting cultivation is practiced.Rate this question:
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- 40.
In shifting cultivation, if a village abandons a patch of land, the people will not closely take care of the land until it is time for them to reuse the land after the soil is replenished.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
In shifting cultivation, when a village abandons a patch of land, the farmers leave it fallow for a certain period to allow the soil to replenish its nutrients naturally. During this time, the land is typically not actively cared for or cultivated. Instead, the farmers focus on other areas for cultivation until the abandoned land can be reused. This practice relies on the natural regeneration of the vegetation, which helps restore soil fertility and prepares it for future agricultural use. The fallow period is essential for maintaining the sustainability of the shifting cultivation system.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The Kayapo people of the Amazon plant their crops in what shape?
- A.
Rectangle
- B.
Square
- C.
Circle
- D.
Oval
- E.
Triangle
Correct Answer
C. CircleExplanation
The Kayapo people of the Amazon practice a form of shifting cultivation, and they typically plant their crops in circular shapes. This method, known as the "circle planting" technique, allows them to optimize the use of space and manage the surrounding vegetation effectively. The circular arrangement helps in creating a microenvironment that can support a diverse array of crops while also facilitating easier access for tending and harvesting. This traditional agricultural practice reflects their deep understanding of the local ecology and enhances biodiversity in their farming systems.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Farmers in MDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area.
- A.
Farmers in MDCs grow one crop over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow one crop over a wide area.
- B.
Farmers in MDCs grow one crop over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow many crops over a wide area.
- C.
Farmers in MDCs grow many crops over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow one crop over a wide area.
- D.
Farmers in MDCs grow many crops over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow many crops over a wide area.
Correct Answer
C. Farmers in MDCs grow many crops over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow one crop over a wide area.Explanation
In More Developed Countries (MDCs), farmers often engage in commercial agriculture, where they grow multiple crops over large areas to maximize profit and meet market demands. In contrast, in Less Developed Countries (LDCs), farming practices are typically subsistence-oriented, focusing on growing a single crop over a wide area to meet the basic food needs of the family or community. This difference reflects varying agricultural practices influenced by economic conditions, technological advancements, and available resources.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Shifting cultivation occupies about _________% of the world's land area and about __________% of the world's population.
- A.
5% of the world's land area and 10% of the world's population.
- B.
10% of the world's land area and 20% of the world's population.
- C.
20% of the world's land area and 5% of the world's population.
- D.
25% of the world's land area and 10% of the world's population.
Correct Answer
C. 20% of the world's land area and 5% of the world's population.Explanation
Shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is a form of subsistence farming practiced in tropical regions, and it covers approximately 20% of the world's land area. However, it is practiced by about 5% of the world's population, as it is primarily utilized by indigenous communities and rural populations in specific regions. This highlights the extensive land use for shifting cultivation compared to the relatively small percentage of people who rely on this agricultural method for their livelihood.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What do critics say about shifting cultivation? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Shifting cultivation is an inefficient way to feed people in LDCs
- B.
Shifting cultivation eliminates diversity of cultures in LDCs
- C.
Shifting cultivation is not an effective use of land
- D.
Shifting cultivation is environmentally friendly
Correct Answer(s)
A. Shifting cultivation is an inefficient way to feed people in LDCs
C. Shifting cultivation is not an effective use of landExplanation
Critics of shifting cultivation argue that it is an inefficient method for feeding populations in less developed countries (LDCs) due to its reliance on small plots of land and extended fallow periods, which may not yield sufficient food for larger communities. They also claim that this practice is not an effective use of land, as it involves relocating from one plot to another, leading to underutilization of fertile areas. While shifting cultivation is culturally significant and can maintain biodiversity, critics tend to emphasize its potential negative impacts on land degradation when not managed sustainably, making the notion that it is environmentally friendly a contested perspective.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What is/are the difference(s) between pastoral nomadism and ranching? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Pastoral nomadism is a form of subsistence agriculture whereas ranching is a form of commercial agriculture.
- B.
Nomads kill their animals on the spot whereas ranchers deliver their animals to the butcher to be killed
- C.
Nomads migrate a longer distance with their livestock than ranchers.
- D.
Ranchers raise livestock but nomads grow crops as well as livestock.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pastoral nomadism is a form of subsistence agriculture whereas ranching is a form of commercial agriculture.
C. Nomads migrate a longer distance with their livestock than ranchers.
D. Ranchers raise livestock but nomads grow crops as well as livestock.Explanation
Pastoral nomadism, a form of subsistence agriculture practiced in less developed countries (LDCs), involves nomads who frequently migrate with their livestock, following water sources and seasonal patterns through transhumance. They typically do not kill their animals, as herd size signifies power and prestige, but will consume them if they die. In contrast, ranching is a commercial agriculture practiced in more developed countries (MDCs), where ranchers raise livestock in designated areas without migrating. While nomads may also grow crops—often with the help of women, children, or hired labor—they may temporarily settle in one area until the soil is depleted or conditions worsen, prompting migration in search of food and water.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Intensive subsistence agriculture means that farmers must use a larger piece of land to produce food.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
False. Intensive subsistence agriculture refers to farming practices that use smaller plots of land but require a significant amount of labor and inputs to maximize yield. Farmers focus on high levels of productivity per acre, often employing techniques such as crop rotation, intercropping, and intensive irrigation to produce sufficient food for their families or local markets. Thus, it is characterized by its focus on maximizing output from limited land rather than requiring larger land areas.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Wet rice is first planted on __________ and then transferred to __________ to promote growth.
- A.
Dry land; Wet land
- B.
Wet land; Dry land
- C.
Dry land; Dry land
- D.
Wet land; Wet land
Correct Answer
A. Dry land; Wet landExplanation
Wet rice cultivation typically begins with planting seeds in dry land, often in seedbeds, where they can germinate. Once the seedlings have grown to a certain height, they are then transferred to wet land, or flooded fields, to promote optimal growth and yield.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The flooded field in which wet rice is grown is called a paddy.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
True. The flooded field in which wet rice is grown is called a paddy. The term "paddy" originates from the Malay word "padi," which refers to unhusked rice. In wet rice cultivation, paddies are created by flooding the fields with water, which helps to create a suitable environment for rice plants to grow. This method not only supports the rice plants during their critical growth stages but also helps to suppress weed growth and provides essential nutrients from decomposed organic matter. Paddies can vary in size and are often surrounded by bunds (earth embankments) to retain water. The management of water levels in these paddies is crucial, as it affects the health of the rice plants and the overall yield.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following are the steps of harvesting rice seeds from the chaff, or the husks? (Select all that apply)
- A.
Cutting the rice stalks
- B.
Threshing the rice to separate the grains from the chaff
- C.
Drying the grains in the sun
- D.
Winnowing to remove the husks from the grains
- E.
Storing the harvested seeds in airtight containers
Correct Answer(s)
A. Cutting the rice stalks
B. Threshing the rice to separate the grains from the chaff
C. Drying the grains in the sun
D. Winnowing to remove the husks from the grains
E. Storing the harvested seeds in airtight containersExplanation
The process of harvesting rice seeds from the chaff involves several key steps. First, farmers cut the mature rice stalks at the base to gather the plants. Next, they thresh the rice, which separates the edible grains from the inedible husks. After threshing, the grains are dried in the sun to reduce moisture content, which is crucial for storage. The next step is winnowing, where wind or air is used to blow away the lighter chaff, leaving the heavier rice grains behind. Finally, the cleaned and dried rice seeds are stored in airtight containers to protect them from pests and moisture until needed for planting or consumption.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The process of obtaining two harvests per year from the same field is called:
- A.
Single cropping
- B.
Double cropping
- C.
Crop rotation
- D.
Intercropping
Correct Answer
A. Single croppingExplanation
Double cropping refers to the agricultural practice of growing two different crops on the same piece of land within a single growing season. This method maximizes land use and increases food production, which is particularly important in regions where land is scarce. Single cropping (option A) involves planting only one crop per year, while crop rotation (option C) is the practice of alternating the types of crops grown in a particular area across seasons to maintain soil fertility. Intercropping (option D) refers to growing two or more crops in proximity to each other, which can enhance yield and biodiversity but does not necessarily involve harvesting two crops from the same field in one year.Rate this question:
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