AP Ch 36 Outline Quiz

1.

Which function is NOT shared by both the root system and the shoot system of a plant?

A.

Absorb water
B.

Transport water
C.

Transport inorganic nutrients
D.

Transport organic nutrients

Correct Answer
A. Absorb water

Explanation
The function of "absorb water" is not shared by both the root system and the shoot system of a plant. The root system is responsible for absorbing water from the soil, while the shoot system is primarily involved in transporting water and nutrients to the rest of the plant. Therefore, the function of absorbing water is specific to the root system only.

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2.

Which of the following tissues forms the outer protective covering of the plant?

A.

Epidermal tissue
B.

Ground tissue
C.

Meristem
D.

Vascular tissue

Correct Answer
A. Epidermal tissue

Explanation
Epidermal tissue forms the outer protective covering of the plant. It is a single layer of cells that covers the entire surface of the plant, including the leaves, stems, and roots. The epidermis helps to prevent water loss, protect against pathogens and pests, and regulate gas exchange. It also contains specialized cells, such as stomata, which allow for the exchange of gases and transpiration. Overall, the epidermal tissue plays a crucial role in protecting the plant from external factors and maintaining its overall health and well-being.

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3.

Which of the following tissues transports water and nutrients within the plant?

A.

Epidermal tissue
B.

Ground tissue
C.

Meristem
D.

Vascular tissue

Correct Answer
D. Vascular tissue

Explanation
Vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water and nutrients within the plant. It consists of two types of tissues: xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem transports sugars and other organic molecules from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. This transportation system allows for the distribution of essential substances throughout the plant, ensuring its growth and survival.

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4.

Which of the following tissues is an embryonic tissue type found at the apex of roots and shoots?

A.

Epidermal tissue
B.

Ground tissue
C.

Meristem
D.

Vascular tissue

Correct Answer
C. Meristem

Explanation
Meristem is the correct answer because it is an embryonic tissue type found at the apex of roots and shoots. Meristems are responsible for the growth and development of plants, as they contain undifferentiated cells that can continuously divide and differentiate into various specialized cells. These cells give rise to all the other tissues in the plant, including the epidermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. Therefore, meristem plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of plant tissues.

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5.

Which statement is NOT true of the epidermis of a plant?

A.

Epidermis covers the entire body of a herbaceous plant.
B.

Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces.
C.

The epidermis is impervious to gas exchange.
D.

Root hairs increase the surface area of epidermal cells on roots.
E.

Cork cells replace epidermal cells on older woody plants.

Correct Answer
B. Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces." This statement is not true because guard cells are actually specialized epidermal cells found on the surface of leaves and stems, not roots. Guard cells are responsible for regulating the opening and closing of stomata, which are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange.

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6.

Which of these plant tissue types has cells with thick secondary cell walls, and is made up of fibers and sclereids?

A.

Xylem
B.

Phloem
C.

Collenchyma
D.

Sclerenchyma
E.

Parenchyma

Correct Answer
D. Sclerenchyma

Explanation
Sclerenchyma is the correct answer because it is a plant tissue type that consists of cells with thick secondary cell walls. These cells are composed of fibers and sclereids, which provide strength and support to the plant. Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars. Collenchyma is a tissue type that provides support to growing plant parts. Parenchyma is a simple tissue involved in various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.

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7.

Which type of root is important in dicot food storage in plants such as carrots and radishes?

A.

Adventitious root
B.

Prop root
C.

Fibrous root
D.

Taproot

Correct Answer
C. Fibrous root

Explanation
Fibrous roots are important in dicot food storage in plants such as carrots and radishes. Unlike taproots, which are large and store nutrients in a single main root, fibrous roots are thin and highly branched, allowing for greater nutrient absorption and storage capacity. This makes them ideal for storing the large amounts of food that carrots and radishes require. Adventitious roots and prop roots are not typically involved in food storage, making them incorrect options.

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8.

Which type of root develops from an underground stem?

A.

Adventitious root
B.

Prop root
C.

Fibrous root
D.

Taproot

Correct Answer
A. Adventitious root

Explanation
Adventitious roots develop from an underground stem. These roots arise from various parts of the plant, such as stems, leaves, or even from the nodes of a stem. They are not formed from pre-existing roots. Adventitious roots help in anchoring the plant, absorbing water and nutrients, and can also serve as storage organs. Examples of plants with adventitious roots include ivy, sweet potato, and mangroves.

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9.

Which statement is NOT true about woody stems?

A.

Woody stems contain secondary growth.
B.

Secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood.
C.

The stem is organized into a central pith, wood, and outer bark.
D.

Cork cambium produces waterproof cork cells that become bark.
E.

The vascular cambium is located between the xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles in a woody stem.

Correct Answer
B. Secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood.

Explanation
Woody stems do contain secondary growth, which is responsible for the increase in girth of the stem. The stem is indeed organized into a central pith, wood, and outer bark. The cork cambium does produce waterproof cork cells that eventually become bark. The vascular cambium is located between the xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles of a woody stem. However, the statement that secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood is not true. It is actually the secondary xylem that accumulates to form the wood.

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10.

Mechanisms by which plants protect themselves against invading bacteria and fungi include

A.

Producing strong preservative chemicals.
B.

Maintaining a waxy nonliving cuticle surface.
C.

Building up and replacing an outer layer of dead cork (bark).
D.

Having guard cells open to expose the soft juicy mesophyll of a leaf only when gas exchange is needed.
E.

All of the above are correct.

Correct Answer
E. All of the above are correct.

Explanation
Plants have various mechanisms to protect themselves against invading bacteria and fungi. They produce strong preservative chemicals that can inhibit the growth of pathogens. They maintain a waxy nonliving cuticle surface on their leaves, which acts as a barrier to prevent pathogens from entering. Plants also build up and replace an outer layer of dead cork, known as bark, which provides additional protection. Additionally, plants have guard cells that can open and close to regulate gas exchange, exposing the soft juicy mesophyll of a leaf only when necessary. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the options are correct in explaining the mechanisms by which plants protect themselves.

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