AP Psych Review ChAPters 1-3 Jk

Wilhelm Wundt is the correct answer because he is known as the father of experimental psychology. He campaigned to establish psychology as a separate scientific discipline and is credited with opening the first laboratory dedicated to psychological research at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. Wundt's laboratory focused on studying human consciousness and perception, and his work laid the foundation for the development of modern psychology as a scientific field.

The "All-or-None" law refers to the principle that a neuron either fires an action potential or it does not. This means that if the neuron reaches its threshold, it will generate an electrical impulse and transmit it down the axon to other neurons, muscles, or glands. However, if the stimulus does not reach the threshold, the neuron will not fire and no action potential will be generated. This law applies to individual neurons and does not apply to the release of hormones, the absorption of neurotransmitters, or the effect on neurons in a specific area.

A strong positive correlation suggests that as hand size increases, brain size also increases. In this scenario, with a correlation coefficient of .8, there is a strong positive relationship between hand size and brain size. This means that individuals with larger hands tend to have larger brains, while those with smaller hands tend to have smaller brains. The correlation coefficient of .8 indicates a strong and almost perfect positive relationship between the two variables.

The correct answer is "All of the Above" because in order to establish a control group, random sampling and random assignment are necessary to ensure that the group is representative and unbiased. Additionally, the results observed in the control group must be solely attributed to the independent variable being studied, without any external factors influencing the outcome. Therefore, all of these requirements are essential for a control group.

The Central Nervous System is not a part of the Peripheral Nervous System. The Peripheral Nervous System consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord, while the Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord. The Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, and Sympathetic Nervous System are all components of the Peripheral Nervous System.

The thalamus is a part of the brain that acts as a relay system by monitoring all incoming information and sending it to the correct place. It receives sensory signals from various parts of the body and relays them to the appropriate areas in the cerebral cortex for further processing. The thalamus plays a crucial role in regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness. It acts as a filter, allowing only important information to reach the cerebral cortex while filtering out irrelevant or unnecessary stimuli.

Ethnocentrism refers to the belief or attitude that one's own ethnic or cultural group is superior to others, and that it should be used as the standard for judging and evaluating other groups. This perspective often leads to a biased and narrow-minded view of other cultures, as it places one's own group at the center and interprets everything based on its own values and norms. Ethnocentrism can hinder intercultural understanding and cooperation, as it fosters prejudice and discrimination against those who are perceived as different or inferior.

An Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique used to study the brain by monitoring its electrical activity. This involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect and record the electrical signals produced by the brain. By analyzing these signals, researchers can gain insights into brain function and activity, such as identifying abnormal patterns associated with certain neurological conditions. This method does not involve stimulating the brain with electricity or monitoring radioactive chemicals, but solely focuses on the measurement and analysis of electrical activity in the brain.

Deception in an experiment involves intentionally misleading participants. In order to ethically use deception, the experimenter must fully debrief the participant after the experiment is over, explaining the true nature of the study and any deception used. This is important to ensure that participants are not left with any negative psychological effects. Additionally, deception should only be used when necessary, meaning that there should be a valid reason for deceiving participants, such as maintaining the integrity of the study or preventing demand characteristics. Therefore, both options B and C are correct in terms of using deception in an experiment.

Pete's error is sampling bias. He only took the first 50 students who came to school, which means his sample was not representative of the entire student population. This could lead to biased results as the sample may not accurately reflect the larger population.