As Level Eukaryotic Cells Test

Chloroplasts are the organelles found in plants and algae that are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture sunlight energy and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process involves the absorption of light by chlorophyll, the production of ATP and NADPH, and the synthesis of glucose through the Calvin cycle. Therefore, the correct answer is photosynthesis.

The term "eukaryotic" refers to organisms that have cells with a nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus, which separates it from the rest of the cell. This is in contrast to prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, which do not have a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are typically more complex than prokaryotic cells and are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. The presence of a nucleus is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum are linked through the process of synthesis and transport of proteins. Ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis, are found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum, specifically the rough endoplasmic reticulum, is studded with ribosomes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and transport. It provides a platform for the ribosomes to synthesize proteins and then helps in the folding, modification, and transport of these proteins to their final destinations within the cell or outside of it.

The correct answer is A and B because the nucleus and mitochondrion are both organelles that are commonly found in eukaryotic cells. The nucleus is responsible for storing the cell's genetic material and controlling cellular activities, while the mitochondrion is involved in energy production through cellular respiration. Plasmid, on the other hand, is not an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, but rather a small, circular DNA molecule that is commonly found in bacteria.

The Golgi body is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins that are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). It receives proteins from the RER and processes them further by adding carbohydrates or lipids to form glycoproteins or lipoproteins. These modified proteins are then sorted and packaged into vesicles for transportation to the cell membrane, where they are eventually exported out of the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "Transport proteins from the RER to the cell membrane for export."

The cell membrane controls the entry and exit of materials. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain substances to enter the cell while preventing others from doing so. This regulation is crucial for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and ensuring proper functioning. By controlling the entry of materials, the cell membrane helps maintain homeostasis and protects the cell from potentially harmful substances.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for the breakdown of unwanted chemicals and organelles. They also play a crucial role in the recycling of materials by breaking them down into their basic components, which can then be reused by the cell. Additionally, lysosomes have the ability to fuse with vacuoles, which allows for the digestion of larger substances that have been engulfed by the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as lysosomes perform all of these functions in eukaryotic cells.

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. They have a double membrane, with the inner membrane forming structures called thylakoids. Thylakoids are flattened, membranous sacs that contain chlorophyll and other pigments necessary for capturing light energy. They are involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where the energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy. The thylakoid membrane is where these reactions take place, and it plays a crucial role in the production of ATP and NADPH, which are used in the synthesis of glucose and other organic molecules.

The mitochondrion is responsible for aerobic respiration, which is the process of converting glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen. This organelle contains enzymes and structures that facilitate the various steps of aerobic respiration, including the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Additionally, the mitochondrion plays a crucial role in synthesizing ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. Through a series of chemical reactions, ATP is produced within the mitochondria and can be used by the cell for various metabolic processes. Therefore, the functions of the mitochondrion include being the site of aerobic respiration and synthesizing ATP.

The cell wall is a thick layer that is located outside the cell membrane. It serves the purpose of providing strength and rigidity to the cell. Additionally, the cell wall is freely permeable, meaning that it allows substances to pass through it easily. However, it is important to note that the cell wall is not made mainly of disaccharides, as this statement is incorrect. Instead, the cell wall is primarily composed of polysaccharides such as cellulose in plant cells and peptidoglycan in bacterial cells.