Medical Aspects Of Chemical, Biological, And Radiological Warfare Assignment 7

1. All Navy and Marine Corps food-service facilities must be inspected by a medical department representative and food-service department representative.

TRUE

FALSE

All Navy and Marine Corps food-service facilities must be inspected by a medical department representative and food-service department representative. This means that both representatives need to conduct inspections in order for the facility to be considered compliant.

Explanation

All Navy and Marine Corps food-service facilities must be inspected by a medical department representative and food-service department representative. This means that both representatives need to conduct inspections in order for the facility to be considered compliant.

2. When entering an area known to be contaminated with biological agents, which of the following actions should be taken?

Put on gloves, if available

Button up clothing

Put on a protective mask

Do all of the above

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Explanation

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3. Nerve agents produce their effect by interfacing with normal transmission of nerve impulses.

TRUE

FALSE

Nerve agents are highly toxic substances that interfere with the normal transmission of nerve impulses in the body. They inhibit the activity of an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. By inhibiting this enzyme, nerve agents cause an excessive accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapses, leading to overstimulation of the nervous system. This disruption in nerve impulse transmission can result in a wide range of symptoms, including paralysis, convulsions, respiratory failure, and even death. Therefore, the statement that nerve agents produce their effect by interfacing with normal transmission of nerve impulses is true.

Explanation

Nerve agents are highly toxic substances that interfere with the normal transmission of nerve impulses in the body. They inhibit the activity of an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. By inhibiting this enzyme, nerve agents cause an excessive accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapses, leading to overstimulation of the nervous system. This disruption in nerve impulse transmission can result in a wide range of symptoms, including paralysis, convulsions, respiratory failure, and even death. Therefore, the statement that nerve agents produce their effect by interfacing with normal transmission of nerve impulses is true.

4. By what means can biological agents can be detected?

Physical senses

Chemical detectors

Laboratory examination

All of the above

Biological agents can be detected through physical senses, such as sight, smell, and touch, which can help identify certain signs or symptoms of infection or contamination. Chemical detectors can also be used to identify the presence of specific biological agents by detecting their unique chemical signatures. Additionally, laboratory examination involves analyzing samples, such as blood or tissue, using various techniques and tests to detect and identify biological agents. Therefore, all of these means can be used to detect biological agents.

Explanation

Biological agents can be detected through physical senses, such as sight, smell, and touch, which can help identify certain signs or symptoms of infection or contamination. Chemical detectors can also be used to identify the presence of specific biological agents by detecting their unique chemical signatures. Additionally, laboratory examination involves analyzing samples, such as blood or tissue, using various techniques and tests to detect and identify biological agents. Therefore, all of these means can be used to detect biological agents.

5. In addition to maintaining and promoting good health, personal hygiene is important for which of the following reasons?

Inhibits the spread of disease

Promotes good morale

Decreases the risk of disabling disease

All of the above

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Explanation

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6. Marine sanitation devices (MSDs) perform what function(s) aboard ship?

Treat sewage before discharge into restricted waters

Collect and hold sewage for treatment

Treat sewage before discharge into unrestricted waters

Both 2 and 3

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Explanation

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7. Fried foods, as long as they are not too crisp, may be included in a soft diet.

TRUE

FALSE

Fried foods are generally not recommended for a soft diet. Soft diets are typically prescribed for individuals with difficulty chewing or swallowing, and fried foods can be hard and crunchy, making them difficult to consume. Additionally, fried foods are often high in fat and can be harder to digest, which may not be suitable for individuals on a soft diet. Therefore, the statement that fried foods may be included in a soft diet is false.

Explanation

Fried foods are generally not recommended for a soft diet. Soft diets are typically prescribed for individuals with difficulty chewing or swallowing, and fried foods can be hard and crunchy, making them difficult to consume. Additionally, fried foods are often high in fat and can be harder to digest, which may not be suitable for individuals on a soft diet. Therefore, the statement that fried foods may be included in a soft diet is false.

8. Butter.

Complex carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Fats are a type of nutrient that provides a concentrated source of energy for the body. They are essential for various bodily functions, including hormone production, insulation, and cushioning of organs. While carbohydrates also provide energy, they are not as concentrated as fats. Proteins are primarily responsible for building and repairing tissues, while complex carbohydrates are a type of carbohydrate that takes longer to digest and provides sustained energy. Simple carbohydrates, on the other hand, are quickly digested and provide a rapid source of energy. Therefore, the correct answer is fats.

Explanation

Fats are a type of nutrient that provides a concentrated source of energy for the body. They are essential for various bodily functions, including hormone production, insulation, and cushioning of organs. While carbohydrates also provide energy, they are not as concentrated as fats. Proteins are primarily responsible for building and repairing tissues, while complex carbohydrates are a type of carbohydrate that takes longer to digest and provides sustained energy. Simple carbohydrates, on the other hand, are quickly digested and provide a rapid source of energy. Therefore, the correct answer is fats.

9. Exposure to fresh air and allowing wind to blow across wide open eyes is generally sufficient treatment for which of the following agents?

Psychochemicals

Lacrimators

Vomiting agents

Glycolates

Exposure to fresh air and allowing wind to blow across wide open eyes is generally sufficient treatment for lacrimators. Lacrimators are substances that cause tears and eye irritation. By allowing fresh air and wind to blow across the eyes, it helps to dilute and remove the lacrimators, providing relief from the irritation.

Explanation

Exposure to fresh air and allowing wind to blow across wide open eyes is generally sufficient treatment for lacrimators. Lacrimators are substances that cause tears and eye irritation. By allowing fresh air and wind to blow across the eyes, it helps to dilute and remove the lacrimators, providing relief from the irritation.

10. A high-calorie diet may be effected by modifying the regular diet in which of the following ways?

Adding snacks

Increasing portions

Providing commercial supplements

Each of the above

A high-calorie diet can be achieved by modifying the regular diet in each of the mentioned ways. Adding snacks can increase the overall calorie intake, while increasing portion sizes can also contribute to consuming more calories. Additionally, providing commercial supplements can be an effective way to add extra calories to the diet. Therefore, all of the mentioned options can help in achieving a high-calorie diet.

Explanation

A high-calorie diet can be achieved by modifying the regular diet in each of the mentioned ways. Adding snacks can increase the overall calorie intake, while increasing portion sizes can also contribute to consuming more calories. Additionally, providing commercial supplements can be an effective way to add extra calories to the diet. Therefore, all of the mentioned options can help in achieving a high-calorie diet.

11. Of the following, which type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Neutron

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Explanation

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12. Preventive medicine procedures in the Navy are addressed in detail in what publication?

SECNAVINST 4061.1

NAVMED P-5010

NAVMED P-5038

Navy Supply Publication 486

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Explanation

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13. Fish.

Complex carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Proteins are a type of macronutrient that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. They are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Fish is a good source of protein, as it contains all the essential amino acids that the body needs. Therefore, the correct answer is proteins.

Explanation

Proteins are a type of macronutrient that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. They are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Fish is a good source of protein, as it contains all the essential amino acids that the body needs. Therefore, the correct answer is proteins.

14. Which of the following is sometimes referred to as "the forgotten nutrient"?

Selenium

Phosphorus

Water

Fructose

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Explanation

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15. As long as it is clear, tastes good, and is free from odor, water obtained in the field can be considered to be potable.

TRUE

FALSE

Water obtained in the field cannot be considered potable based solely on the criteria of being clear, tasting good, and free from odor. There are other factors that need to be considered such as the presence of harmful bacteria, viruses, or chemicals that may not be detectable by taste, odor, or clarity alone. Therefore, the statement is false.

Explanation

Water obtained in the field cannot be considered potable based solely on the criteria of being clear, tasting good, and free from odor. There are other factors that need to be considered such as the presence of harmful bacteria, viruses, or chemicals that may not be detectable by taste, odor, or clarity alone. Therefore, the statement is false.

16. Protein deficiency can result in which of the following conditions?

Nutritional edema

Secondary anemia

Restricted growth

Each of the above

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Explanation

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17. Animals that carry disease and can transmit those diseases to human or animal hosts to cause illness or injury are called

PESTS

INSECTS

VENCTORS

RODENTS

Vectors are animals that carry diseases and transmit them to human or animal hosts, causing illness or injury. They can be insects, rodents, or other pests. These organisms play a crucial role in the spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Lyme disease, and Zika virus. By understanding the role of vectors, we can develop effective strategies to control and prevent the transmission of these diseases.

Explanation

Vectors are animals that carry diseases and transmit them to human or animal hosts, causing illness or injury. They can be insects, rodents, or other pests. These organisms play a crucial role in the spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Lyme disease, and Zika virus. By understanding the role of vectors, we can develop effective strategies to control and prevent the transmission of these diseases.

18. Which of the following odors is an early indication of exposure to phosgene gas in casualty-producing amounts?

Bitter almonds

A freshly mown lawn

Geraniums

None of the above. Phosgene is undetectable

The correct answer is "A freshly mown lawn." Phosgene gas, which is highly toxic and can cause severe respiratory distress, has a smell similar to freshly mown grass or hay. This odor is an early indication of exposure to phosgene gas in dangerous amounts. Bitter almonds and geraniums do not have any association with phosgene gas exposure, and the statement that phosgene is undetectable is incorrect.

Explanation

The correct answer is "A freshly mown lawn." Phosgene gas, which is highly toxic and can cause severe respiratory distress, has a smell similar to freshly mown grass or hay. This odor is an early indication of exposure to phosgene gas in dangerous amounts. Bitter almonds and geraniums do not have any association with phosgene gas exposure, and the statement that phosgene is undetectable is incorrect.

19. An otherwise normal, healthy diet is always sufficient to provide an individual with adequate levels of minerals.

TRUE

FALSE

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Explanation

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20. Eggs.

Complex carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Proteins are essential macronutrients that play a crucial role in the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. They are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life. Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain nitrogen, which is required for the synthesis of DNA, enzymes, and hormones. Additionally, proteins are involved in various bodily functions such as muscle contraction, immune response, and transportation of molecules. Therefore, proteins are the correct answer as they have unique properties and functions compared to other macronutrients.

Explanation

Proteins are essential macronutrients that play a crucial role in the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. They are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life. Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain nitrogen, which is required for the synthesis of DNA, enzymes, and hormones. Additionally, proteins are involved in various bodily functions such as muscle contraction, immune response, and transportation of molecules. Therefore, proteins are the correct answer as they have unique properties and functions compared to other macronutrients.

21. Severe inflammation of the tooth pulp is known as

Acute pulpitis

Periapical absess

Marginal gingivitis

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

Acute pulpitis refers to severe inflammation of the tooth pulp. The tooth pulp is the innermost part of the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. When the pulp becomes inflamed, it can cause intense pain and sensitivity. This condition is often caused by dental decay or trauma to the tooth. If left untreated, acute pulpitis can progress to a periapical abscess, which is a localized collection of pus at the root of the tooth. Marginal gingivitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis are different conditions that involve inflammation of the gums, not the tooth pulp.

Explanation

Acute pulpitis refers to severe inflammation of the tooth pulp. The tooth pulp is the innermost part of the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. When the pulp becomes inflamed, it can cause intense pain and sensitivity. This condition is often caused by dental decay or trauma to the tooth. If left untreated, acute pulpitis can progress to a periapical abscess, which is a localized collection of pus at the root of the tooth. Marginal gingivitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis are different conditions that involve inflammation of the gums, not the tooth pulp.

22. The symbol for phosgene gas is

C1

CN

CG

CK

Phosgene gas is represented by the symbol CG. The other options, C1, CN, and CK, do not represent phosgene gas.

Explanation

Phosgene gas is represented by the symbol CG. The other options, C1, CN, and CK, do not represent phosgene gas.

23. What is the most common cause of dental caries?

Sugar

Lack of fluoridation

Infrequent dental examinations

Bacterial plaque

Bacterial plaque is the most common cause of dental caries. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on teeth and contains bacteria. When we consume sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack the tooth enamel, leading to cavities. Regular brushing and flossing help remove plaque and prevent the buildup of harmful bacteria.

Explanation

Bacterial plaque is the most common cause of dental caries. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on teeth and contains bacteria. When we consume sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack the tooth enamel, leading to cavities. Regular brushing and flossing help remove plaque and prevent the buildup of harmful bacteria.

24. The most frequent cause of marginal gingivitis is

Bacteria

Caries

Poor oral hygiene

Periodontitis

Poor oral hygiene is the most frequent cause of marginal gingivitis. This is because when oral hygiene is not maintained properly, bacteria and plaque build up on the teeth and gums. These bacteria release toxins that irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and gingivitis. Regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings are essential to remove plaque and prevent the development of gingivitis.

Explanation

Poor oral hygiene is the most frequent cause of marginal gingivitis. This is because when oral hygiene is not maintained properly, bacteria and plaque build up on the teeth and gums. These bacteria release toxins that irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and gingivitis. Regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings are essential to remove plaque and prevent the development of gingivitis.

25. What is the most frequent cause of periodontal abscesses?

A virus

An infection

Poor oral hygiene

Prolonged irritation

Periodontal abscesses are caused by an infection. This infection occurs when bacteria invade the gums and surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of an abscess. Poor oral hygiene can contribute to the development of these infections by allowing bacteria to build up and multiply. Prolonged irritation, such as from a foreign object or dental appliance, can also create an environment that is conducive to infection. However, the primary cause of periodontal abscesses is the presence of an infection in the gums.

Explanation

Periodontal abscesses are caused by an infection. This infection occurs when bacteria invade the gums and surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of an abscess. Poor oral hygiene can contribute to the development of these infections by allowing bacteria to build up and multiply. Prolonged irritation, such as from a foreign object or dental appliance, can also create an environment that is conducive to infection. However, the primary cause of periodontal abscesses is the presence of an infection in the gums.

26. In the event of a nuclear detonation, what is the best position to assume?

Sitting, with the knees drawn up to the chest, facing away from the blast

Face down, with your face covered

On your side, in a fetal position facing away from the blast

Supine, with your face covered

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Explanation

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27. Of the following, which is NOT a source of dietary fat?

Rice

Whole milk

Avocados

Egg yolks

Rice is not a source of dietary fat because it is a carbohydrate-rich food. It primarily provides carbohydrates for energy and does not contain a significant amount of fat. On the other hand, whole milk, avocados, and egg yolks are all sources of dietary fat. Whole milk contains both saturated and unsaturated fats, avocados are rich in monounsaturated fats, and egg yolks contain a combination of saturated and unsaturated fats.

Explanation

Rice is not a source of dietary fat because it is a carbohydrate-rich food. It primarily provides carbohydrates for energy and does not contain a significant amount of fat. On the other hand, whole milk, avocados, and egg yolks are all sources of dietary fat. Whole milk contains both saturated and unsaturated fats, avocados are rich in monounsaturated fats, and egg yolks contain a combination of saturated and unsaturated fats.

28. What part of the body is most sensitive to the effects of mustard gases?

Eyes

Lungs

Liver

Skin

Mustard gases are known to cause severe damage to the eyes, making them the most sensitive part of the body to the effects of these gases. Exposure to mustard gases can lead to eye irritation, pain, redness, and even blindness. The corrosive nature of these gases can cause long-lasting damage to the delicate tissues of the eyes, making them particularly vulnerable to their effects.

Explanation

Mustard gases are known to cause severe damage to the eyes, making them the most sensitive part of the body to the effects of these gases. Exposure to mustard gases can lead to eye irritation, pain, redness, and even blindness. The corrosive nature of these gases can cause long-lasting damage to the delicate tissues of the eyes, making them particularly vulnerable to their effects.

29. Corn.

Complex carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Complex carbohydrates, such as corn, are made up of long chains of sugar molecules. These molecules take longer to break down in the body, providing a slow and steady release of energy. This makes complex carbohydrates a healthier choice compared to simple carbohydrates, which are quickly broken down and can cause blood sugar spikes. Proteins and fats are not carbohydrates and do not fall into the same category as corn.

Explanation

Complex carbohydrates, such as corn, are made up of long chains of sugar molecules. These molecules take longer to break down in the body, providing a slow and steady release of energy. This makes complex carbohydrates a healthier choice compared to simple carbohydrates, which are quickly broken down and can cause blood sugar spikes. Proteins and fats are not carbohydrates and do not fall into the same category as corn.

30. The tendency of a chemical agent to remain effective in a contaminated area is known as

Lethality

Persistency

Volatility

Permeability

Persistency refers to the ability of a chemical agent to remain effective in a contaminated area. It indicates the longevity of the agent's effectiveness and its ability to remain active over time. This characteristic is important in various contexts, such as warfare or pest control, where the agent needs to have a lasting impact on the target. Lethality refers to the ability to cause death, volatility refers to the tendency to evaporate or vaporize quickly, and permeability refers to the ability to pass through or penetrate a substance.

Explanation

Persistency refers to the ability of a chemical agent to remain effective in a contaminated area. It indicates the longevity of the agent's effectiveness and its ability to remain active over time. This characteristic is important in various contexts, such as warfare or pest control, where the agent needs to have a lasting impact on the target. Lethality refers to the ability to cause death, volatility refers to the tendency to evaporate or vaporize quickly, and permeability refers to the ability to pass through or penetrate a substance.

31. Labial herpes is an infection that results in which of the following conditions?

Fever blisters

Gingivitis

Periocoronitis

All the above

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Explanation

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32. The serum cholesterol level of adults over the age of 30 should be less than

100 mg/dl

150 mg/dl

200 mg/dl

300 mg/dl

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Explanation

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33. Hypoglycemia.

Low-residue

Low-sodium

Bland

Low-carbohydrate, highprotein

A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet can help manage hypoglycemia by stabilizing blood sugar levels. Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose in the body, so reducing carbohydrate intake can prevent blood sugar spikes and crashes. Protein helps to slow down the absorption of glucose, preventing sudden drops in blood sugar levels. This type of diet can provide a steady supply of energy without causing drastic fluctuations in blood sugar levels, making it an effective approach for managing hypoglycemia.

Explanation

A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet can help manage hypoglycemia by stabilizing blood sugar levels. Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose in the body, so reducing carbohydrate intake can prevent blood sugar spikes and crashes. Protein helps to slow down the absorption of glucose, preventing sudden drops in blood sugar levels. This type of diet can provide a steady supply of energy without causing drastic fluctuations in blood sugar levels, making it an effective approach for managing hypoglycemia.

34. The form used to record dental treatment is the

SF 600

SF 602

EZ 603A

NAVMED 6150/20

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Explanation

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35. What is the proper treatment for burning white phosphorus particles embedded in the skin?

Surgical removal followed by a copper sulfate wet dressing

A copper sulfate rinse then surgical removal

A copper sulfate rinse only

Allowing them to burn out

The proper treatment for burning white phosphorus particles embedded in the skin is to first rinse the affected area with copper sulfate solution to neutralize the phosphorus. This helps to prevent further burning and potential absorption into the body. After rinsing, surgical removal of the particles should be performed to ensure complete removal and prevent any potential complications or infection.

Explanation

The proper treatment for burning white phosphorus particles embedded in the skin is to first rinse the affected area with copper sulfate solution to neutralize the phosphorus. This helps to prevent further burning and potential absorption into the body. After rinsing, surgical removal of the particles should be performed to ensure complete removal and prevent any potential complications or infection.

36. What happens to protein consumed that is in excess of body requirements?

Used to supply energy only

Changed into fat only

Both 1 and 2

Excreted from the body through elimination

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Explanation

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37. Inflammatory GI tract.

Liquid

High-calorie

High-protein

Low-calorie

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Explanation

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38. Approximately what number of calories must be burned or consumed for the average individual to lose or gain one pound?

1,500

2,000

3,500

5,000

The correct answer is 3,500. This is because it is generally accepted that in order to lose or gain one pound of weight, an individual must create a calorie deficit or surplus of 3,500 calories. This means that in order to lose one pound, a person would need to burn 3,500 more calories than they consume, while to gain one pound, they would need to consume 3,500 more calories than they burn.

Explanation

The correct answer is 3,500. This is because it is generally accepted that in order to lose or gain one pound of weight, an individual must create a calorie deficit or surplus of 3,500 calories. This means that in order to lose one pound, a person would need to burn 3,500 more calories than they consume, while to gain one pound, they would need to consume 3,500 more calories than they burn.

39. Honey.

Complex carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Simple carbohydrates are the correct answer because honey is primarily composed of simple sugars such as glucose and fructose. Simple carbohydrates are easily broken down by the body and provide quick energy. Honey is a natural sweetener that is often used as a source of quick energy, making it a good example of a simple carbohydrate.

Explanation

Simple carbohydrates are the correct answer because honey is primarily composed of simple sugars such as glucose and fructose. Simple carbohydrates are easily broken down by the body and provide quick energy. Honey is a natural sweetener that is often used as a source of quick energy, making it a good example of a simple carbohydrate.

40. First aid treatment for blood agents is amyl nitrite ampules followed by which of the compounds listed below?

Oral potassium chloride

Oral sodium thiosulfate

Intravenous potassium chloride

Intravenous sodium thiosulfate

The correct answer is intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Blood agents are toxic substances that interfere with the body's ability to use oxygen, such as cyanide. Amyl nitrite ampules are used as a first aid treatment to help counteract the effects of blood agents. However, amyl nitrite alone is not sufficient, and it needs to be followed by the administration of intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate helps to detoxify cyanide by converting it into a less toxic form that can be eliminated from the body. Oral potassium chloride and oral sodium thiosulfate are not as effective as intravenous administration in treating blood agents.

Explanation

The correct answer is intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Blood agents are toxic substances that interfere with the body's ability to use oxygen, such as cyanide. Amyl nitrite ampules are used as a first aid treatment to help counteract the effects of blood agents. However, amyl nitrite alone is not sufficient, and it needs to be followed by the administration of intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate helps to detoxify cyanide by converting it into a less toxic form that can be eliminated from the body. Oral potassium chloride and oral sodium thiosulfate are not as effective as intravenous administration in treating blood agents.

41. The treatment of thermal burns from a nuclear detonation differs from more conventional burn wounds in which, if any, of the following ways?

Conventional burn wounds are generally less serious

Conventional burn wounds are more likely to become infected

Burns resulting from a nuclear detonation are more painful

There is no difference

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Explanation

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42. What total number of amino acids are obtained solely from the food we eat?

3

7

9

11

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Explanation

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43. When a liquid diet has been ordered by the attending physician or dietician, the feedings should be ____ ounces and administered every ____ hours.

4-6, 3-4

6-8, 2-3

8-10, 6-8

10-12, 2-3

When a liquid diet has been ordered, the feedings should be 6-8 ounces and administered every 2-3 hours. This ensures that the patient receives an adequate amount of nutrition throughout the day without overwhelming their digestive system. The 6-8 ounce serving size allows for a sufficient amount of calories and nutrients, while the 2-3 hour interval allows for proper digestion and absorption of the nutrients before the next feeding.

Explanation

When a liquid diet has been ordered, the feedings should be 6-8 ounces and administered every 2-3 hours. This ensures that the patient receives an adequate amount of nutrition throughout the day without overwhelming their digestive system. The 6-8 ounce serving size allows for a sufficient amount of calories and nutrients, while the 2-3 hour interval allows for proper digestion and absorption of the nutrients before the next feeding.

44. Peptic ulcers.

Low-carbohydrate, highprotein

Bland

Low-sodium

Low-residue

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45. The number of calories generated by each gram of protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively is

3, 6, 4

4, 9, 4

6, 3, 9

9, 4, 6

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Explanation

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46. Who, if anyone, is responsible for maintaining adequate supplies for the decontamination and treatment of CBR casualties?

Medical officer

Damage control officer

Supply officer

No one

The medical officer is responsible for maintaining adequate supplies for the decontamination and treatment of CBR (Chemical, Biological, Radiological) casualties. This is because the medical officer is trained and equipped to handle medical emergencies and has the knowledge and expertise to determine the necessary supplies needed for decontamination and treatment. The medical officer plays a critical role in ensuring that the necessary resources are available to effectively respond to CBR incidents and provide appropriate medical care to casualties.

Explanation

The medical officer is responsible for maintaining adequate supplies for the decontamination and treatment of CBR (Chemical, Biological, Radiological) casualties. This is because the medical officer is trained and equipped to handle medical emergencies and has the knowledge and expertise to determine the necessary supplies needed for decontamination and treatment. The medical officer plays a critical role in ensuring that the necessary resources are available to effectively respond to CBR incidents and provide appropriate medical care to casualties.

47. With exposure to Adamsite, which, if any, of the following actions must be taken to minimize or inhibit the symptoms of exposure?

Don a protective mask and continue duties as vigorously as possible

Give an intramuscular injection of physostigmine

Give an intravenous infusion of sodium thiosulfate

Do none of the above

Donning a protective mask and continuing duties as vigorously as possible is the correct answer because Adamsite is a chemical warfare agent that can cause respiratory irritation and other symptoms. Wearing a protective mask can help minimize inhalation of the agent and reduce the severity of symptoms. Continuing duties as vigorously as possible can also help minimize exposure by reducing the time spent in the contaminated area. The other options, such as giving an intramuscular injection of physostigmine or an intravenous infusion of sodium thiosulfate, are not appropriate actions for minimizing or inhibiting the symptoms of Adamsite exposure.

Explanation

Donning a protective mask and continuing duties as vigorously as possible is the correct answer because Adamsite is a chemical warfare agent that can cause respiratory irritation and other symptoms. Wearing a protective mask can help minimize inhalation of the agent and reduce the severity of symptoms. Continuing duties as vigorously as possible can also help minimize exposure by reducing the time spent in the contaminated area. The other options, such as giving an intramuscular injection of physostigmine or an intravenous infusion of sodium thiosulfate, are not appropriate actions for minimizing or inhibiting the symptoms of Adamsite exposure.

48. Refined and processed sugars should make up no more than what percent of an individual’s total caloric intake?

5

10

15

20

Refined and processed sugars should make up no more than 10% of an individual's total caloric intake. This recommendation is based on the fact that excessive sugar consumption can lead to various health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. By limiting the intake of refined and processed sugars to 10% or less, individuals can maintain a healthier diet and reduce the risk of these health problems.

Explanation

Refined and processed sugars should make up no more than 10% of an individual's total caloric intake. This recommendation is based on the fact that excessive sugar consumption can lead to various health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. By limiting the intake of refined and processed sugars to 10% or less, individuals can maintain a healthier diet and reduce the risk of these health problems.

49. Inhalation of nerve gas characteristically results in which of the symptoms listed below?

Local muscular twitching

Dry mouth

Pinpoint pupils

Pulmonary edema

Inhalation of nerve gas can cause pinpoint pupils as one of the symptoms. This is because nerve gases, such as sarin or VX, can affect the autonomic nervous system and disrupt the normal functioning of the pupils. Pinpoint pupils, also known as miosis, occur when the muscles in the iris constrict, causing the pupil to become very small. This symptom is a result of the nerve gas interfering with the neurotransmitters that regulate pupil size, leading to a constricted or pinpoint appearance.

Explanation

Inhalation of nerve gas can cause pinpoint pupils as one of the symptoms. This is because nerve gases, such as sarin or VX, can affect the autonomic nervous system and disrupt the normal functioning of the pupils. Pinpoint pupils, also known as miosis, occur when the muscles in the iris constrict, causing the pupil to become very small. This symptom is a result of the nerve gas interfering with the neurotransmitters that regulate pupil size, leading to a constricted or pinpoint appearance.

50. When using antibiotics for victims of radiation injuries, what is the recommended dosage?

One-half of the normal dosage

The normal dosage

Two times the normal dosage

Three times the normal dosage

In cases of radiation injuries, the recommended dosage of antibiotics is three times the normal dosage. This increased dosage is necessary to combat the potential infections that can occur as a result of the weakened immune system caused by radiation exposure. By prescribing a higher dosage, healthcare professionals aim to ensure that the antibiotics are effective in preventing and treating any infections that may arise in these patients.

Explanation

In cases of radiation injuries, the recommended dosage of antibiotics is three times the normal dosage. This increased dosage is necessary to combat the potential infections that can occur as a result of the weakened immune system caused by radiation exposure. By prescribing a higher dosage, healthcare professionals aim to ensure that the antibiotics are effective in preventing and treating any infections that may arise in these patients.

51. An inflammation of the oral mucosa is called

Periocoronitis

Gingivitis

Stomatitis

Periodontitis

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Explanation

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52. What amount of protein should a nonpregnant person consume on a daily basis?

0.8 g/kg

1.2 g/kg

2.2 lbs

There is no specific recommended amount

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Explanation

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53. Specific antidotal therapy is available for which, if any, of the following vesicants?

Mustard (HD)

Nitrogen mustard (HN)

Lewisite (L)

None of the above

There is no specific antidotal therapy available for mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN), or lewisite (L). These vesicants, also known as blister agents, can cause severe skin burns and respiratory damage. Treatment for exposure to these agents typically involves supportive care, such as decontamination, wound care, and respiratory support. However, there is no specific antidote that can reverse the effects of these vesicants. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above."

Explanation

There is no specific antidotal therapy available for mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN), or lewisite (L). These vesicants, also known as blister agents, can cause severe skin burns and respiratory damage. Treatment for exposure to these agents typically involves supportive care, such as decontamination, wound care, and respiratory support. However, there is no specific antidote that can reverse the effects of these vesicants. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above."

54. What is the appropriate procedure to follow when biological agents are known to have been placed in your drinking water?

Double the amount of chlorine in the water

Double the time the water is exposed to the chlorine

Boil the water before you drink any of it

Refrain from drinking the water

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Explanation

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55. Chronic nephrotic edema.

High-calorie

High-protein

Low-calorie

Low-protein

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Explanation

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56. In a definitive care facility, the indicated treatment of a nerve agent victim includes which of the following therapies?

2 mg atropine and 600 mg 2-PAM chloride every 15 minutes until recovery

2 mg atropine every 15 minutes until the victim has a dry mouth and mild tachycardia

600 mg 2-PAM chloride every 15 minutes until the victim is conscious

Respiratory support only

The indicated treatment for a nerve agent victim in a definitive care facility is to administer 2 mg of atropine every 15 minutes until the victim has a dry mouth and mild tachycardia. Atropine is used to counteract the effects of the nerve agent on the body, specifically to treat the symptoms of excessive salivation and increased heart rate. Administering atropine in this manner helps to manage these symptoms and provide relief to the victim.

Explanation

The indicated treatment for a nerve agent victim in a definitive care facility is to administer 2 mg of atropine every 15 minutes until the victim has a dry mouth and mild tachycardia. Atropine is used to counteract the effects of the nerve agent on the body, specifically to treat the symptoms of excessive salivation and increased heart rate. Administering atropine in this manner helps to manage these symptoms and provide relief to the victim.

57. Immunizations used within the Armed Forces are required to meet standards set forth by which of the following organizations?

Food and Drug Administration

Department of Health and Human Services

Centers for Disease Control

National Institutes of Health

Immunizations used within the Armed Forces are required to meet standards set forth by the Department of Health and Human Services. This organization is responsible for ensuring the health and well-being of the general population, including the military. They establish guidelines and regulations for immunizations to protect service members from preventable diseases and maintain their overall health.

Explanation

Immunizations used within the Armed Forces are required to meet standards set forth by the Department of Health and Human Services. This organization is responsible for ensuring the health and well-being of the general population, including the military. They establish guidelines and regulations for immunizations to protect service members from preventable diseases and maintain their overall health.

58. An inflammation of the gingiva around a partially erupted tooth is known as

Periodontitis

Periodontal abscess

Stomatitis

Pericoronitis

Pericoronitis is the inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted tooth. This condition commonly occurs when a wisdom tooth is erupting and causes pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. It can be caused by food particles getting trapped between the tooth and gum, leading to bacterial infection. Treatment usually involves cleaning the area, removing any debris, and prescribing antibiotics if necessary. If left untreated, pericoronitis can lead to more severe infections and complications.

Explanation

Pericoronitis is the inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted tooth. This condition commonly occurs when a wisdom tooth is erupting and causes pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. It can be caused by food particles getting trapped between the tooth and gum, leading to bacterial infection. Treatment usually involves cleaning the area, removing any debris, and prescribing antibiotics if necessary. If left untreated, pericoronitis can lead to more severe infections and complications.

59. Malnourishment.

Liquid

High-calorie

High-protein

Low-calorie

Malnourishment refers to a condition where the body does not receive adequate nutrition. High-calorie foods provide a larger amount of energy, which is essential for individuals who are malnourished as it helps in meeting their increased energy needs. Therefore, high-calorie foods are beneficial in combating malnourishment by providing the necessary energy to the body.

Explanation

Malnourishment refers to a condition where the body does not receive adequate nutrition. High-calorie foods provide a larger amount of energy, which is essential for individuals who are malnourished as it helps in meeting their increased energy needs. Therefore, high-calorie foods are beneficial in combating malnourishment by providing the necessary energy to the body.

60. Spastic colon.

High-residue

Low-residue

Low-sodium

Bland

High-residue refers to a diet that includes foods that are high in fiber and can help regulate bowel movements. Spastic colon, also known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is a condition characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. A high-residue diet can be beneficial for individuals with spastic colon as it can help add bulk to the stool and promote regular bowel movements. This can help alleviate symptoms such as constipation or diarrhea that are commonly associated with spastic colon.

Explanation

High-residue refers to a diet that includes foods that are high in fiber and can help regulate bowel movements. Spastic colon, also known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is a condition characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. A high-residue diet can be beneficial for individuals with spastic colon as it can help add bulk to the stool and promote regular bowel movements. This can help alleviate symptoms such as constipation or diarrhea that are commonly associated with spastic colon.

61. Hypothyroidism.

Low-protein

Low-calorie

High-protein

High-calorie

The correct answer is low-calorie because hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a slower metabolism. In order to manage weight and prevent further weight gain, individuals with hypothyroidism are often advised to follow a low-calorie diet. This helps to create a calorie deficit and promote weight loss.

Explanation

The correct answer is low-calorie because hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a slower metabolism. In order to manage weight and prevent further weight gain, individuals with hypothyroidism are often advised to follow a low-calorie diet. This helps to create a calorie deficit and promote weight loss.

62. Presenting a serious internal radiation hazard, alpha particles can enter the body through which of the following?

The digestive system

The respiratory system

Open wounds

Any of the above

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Explanation

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63. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, upon which of the following dietary elements should a nutritional diet be based?

Fruits and vegetables

Complex carbohydrates

Fats

Dairy

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Explanation

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64. Excruciating, constant pain 3 days after a tooth extraction indicates which of the following conditions?

Hemorrhage

Osteitis

Stomatitis

Pericoronitis

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Explanation

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65. Consumption of excessive amounts of certain vitamins can, in some circumstances, be fatal.

TRUE

FALSE

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Explanation

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66. Low production of antibodies.

Low-protein

Low-calorie

High-protein

High-calorie

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Explanation

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67. Guidance as to appropriate food storage temperatures, storage life of perishable and semi-perishable food items, and safe time limits for keeping food can be found in which of the following publications?

SECNAVINST 4061.1

NAVMED P-5010

NAVMED P-5038

Navy Supply Publication 486

Navy Supply Publication 486 is the correct answer because it provides guidance on appropriate food storage temperatures, storage life of perishable and semi-perishable food items, and safe time limits for keeping food. This publication is specifically designed to provide information and guidelines for food storage in the Navy, ensuring that proper food safety practices are followed to maintain the quality and safety of the food.

Explanation

Navy Supply Publication 486 is the correct answer because it provides guidance on appropriate food storage temperatures, storage life of perishable and semi-perishable food items, and safe time limits for keeping food. This publication is specifically designed to provide information and guidelines for food storage in the Navy, ensuring that proper food safety practices are followed to maintain the quality and safety of the food.

68. Instructions for preparing and submitting the Medical Event Report can be found in which of the following publications?

SECNAVINST 4061.1

NAVMED P-5010

NAVMED P-5038

Navy Supply Publication 486

The correct answer is NAVMED P-5010 because this publication provides instructions for preparing and submitting the Medical Event Report. SECNAVINST 4061.1 is a different publication that may not contain the specific instructions needed. NAVMED P-5038 and Navy Supply Publication 486 are also unrelated publications that do not provide the necessary information for preparing and submitting the report.

Explanation

The correct answer is NAVMED P-5010 because this publication provides instructions for preparing and submitting the Medical Event Report. SECNAVINST 4061.1 is a different publication that may not contain the specific instructions needed. NAVMED P-5038 and Navy Supply Publication 486 are also unrelated publications that do not provide the necessary information for preparing and submitting the report.