Bab 1 - Sains Tingkatan 4

The statement "Ilmu pengetahuan tentang alam sekeliling yang tersusun dan kian berkembang mengikut penemuan yang baru" explains the meaning of science most accurately because it refers to the knowledge and understanding of the surrounding environment that is organized and continuously evolving based on new discoveries. This statement highlights the fundamental nature of science as a systematic and progressive study of the natural world.

Meniru data-data daripada kawan sekelas bukan merupakan sikap saintifik dan nilai murni dalam menjalankan penyiasatan saintifik karena meniru data dari teman sekelas tidak mencerminkan kejujuran dan bertanggung jawab. Dalam penyelidikan saintifik, penting untuk mengumpulkan data sendiri dengan cara yang jujur, sistematis, dan bertanggung jawab. Meniru data dari orang lain tidak hanya tidak etis, tetapi juga dapat menghasilkan hasil yang tidak akurat atau tidak dapat diandalkan.

The correct answer explains that a hypothesis is a statement about the relationship between manipulated variables and responding variables. This definition accurately captures the essence of a hypothesis, which is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through experimentation or observation. It highlights the idea that a hypothesis involves identifying the variables that are being manipulated and those that are expected to respond in a certain way.

The correct answer is K, N, M, L. The correct sequence for reporting an experiment is to first state the objective (K), then describe the procedure (N), followed by presenting the results and making a decision based on the findings (M), and finally drawing a conclusion (L). This sequence ensures a logical and organized presentation of the experiment.

The correct answer is "Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas." This is because "pemboleh ubah bergerak balas" refers to a variable that responds or changes based on the observation in an experiment. In other words, it is a variable that is measured or observed during the experiment.

The manipulated variable in this experiment is the temperature. This means that the researchers intentionally change the temperature in order to observe its effects on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. By manipulating the temperature, the researchers can determine how different temperatures affect the plant's ability to carry out photosynthesis.

The given correct answer states that the one thing that is not done when planning for a scientific investigation is selecting how many variables to manipulate. This means that when planning the investigation, the researcher does not decide on the number of variables to manipulate. Instead, they focus on listing all the appropriate materials and equipment to be used, determining how to control the variables being measured, and deciding on the methods for collecting data.

The correct answer is "mengambil sukatan sekali sahaja untuk menjimatkan masa" because it suggests that taking measurements only once will save time. However, in an investigation, it is important to take multiple measurements to ensure accuracy and reliability of the data. Taking measurements only once may lead to errors or inconsistencies in the investigation.

Scientific investigations typically involve the senses of touch, vision, and hearing. However, the sense of taste is not typically involved in scientific investigations. Taste is subjective and can vary greatly among individuals, making it difficult to obtain consistent and reliable data. Therefore, it is not commonly used as a sense in scientific investigations.

The inference that can be made from the given data is that the change in force is directly proportional to the extension of the spring. This means that as the force applied to the spring increases, the extension of the spring also increases in a linear manner.

In the scientific process, hypotheses are tested by conducting experiments. This involves designing and carrying out controlled procedures to gather data and observe the effects of variables on the phenomenon being studied. By manipulating and measuring these variables, scientists can gather evidence to support or refute their hypotheses. This process allows for the systematic and objective testing of ideas and theories in order to gain a deeper understanding of the natural world.

The use of methods and techniques in scientific investigation is designed before starting to ensure that the collected data is more accurate. By planning and designing the methods and techniques beforehand, researchers can establish a structured approach to collecting data, ensuring that the data collected is reliable and valid. This helps in minimizing errors and biases that may arise during the investigation process, ultimately leading to more accurate and trustworthy results.

The given answer states that "changing data to support the hypothesis made" is not something that should be considered when making a hypothesis. This means that it is not appropriate or valid to manipulate or alter data in order to fit or support a hypothesis. It is important to base hypotheses on existing knowledge, provide explanations consistent with scientific principles, and consider alternative ways to explain an event. However, altering data to fit a hypothesis goes against the principles of scientific integrity and objectivity, as it can lead to biased or inaccurate conclusions.

Sains memberikan sumbangan dalam kehidupan manusia dengan menjadikan kehidupan lebih selesa melalui penemuan dan pengembangan teknologi yang memudahkan aktivitas sehari-hari. Selain itu, sains juga memungkinkan manusia untuk berkomunikasi pada jarak jauh melalui penemuan telekomunikasi. Selain itu, sains juga berperan dalam mengawal mutu hasil pertanian melalui penemuan dan pengembangan teknik pertanian yang lebih efisien. Oleh karena itu, semua pernyataan I, II, dan III adalah benar.

The correct answer is "Perubahan pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas ditentukan oleh pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan." This statement is incorrect because the change in the dependent variable is determined by the manipulated variable, not the controlled variable. The controlled variable is kept constant during the experiment to ensure that any observed changes are due to the manipulated variable.

The correct answer is that the mass of the charge is correctly matched with the length of the string. In an experiment studying the relationship between the swing of a charged object and the length of the string, it is important to manipulate and measure the independent variable (length of the string) and the dependent variable (mass of the charge). By correctly matching the mass of the charge with the length of the string, the experiment can accurately analyze the effect of different masses on the swing of the object.

The correct sequence of steps in the scientific method is to first identify the problem or question (Z), then formulate a hypothesis (Y), followed by conducting experiments and collecting data (W), and finally analyzing the data and drawing conclusions (X). This sequence allows for a systematic approach to scientific inquiry, starting with identifying the problem and ending with drawing conclusions based on the collected data.

Dalam penyiasatan ini, pelajar cuba mengkaji bagaimana bahan berlainan mempengaruhi kadar pengembangan logam. Oleh itu, jenis bahan adalah pemboleh ubah yang tidak perlu dimalarkan kerana ia merupakan pemboleh ubah yang ingin dikaji dalam penyiasatan ini. Pemboleh ubah yang perlu dimalarkan adalah tekanan atmosfera, haba yang dibekalkan, dan bentuk bahan, kerana ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi kadar pengembangan logam.

The correct order of decreasing density of the substances is K, L, M, O, P, Q.

The correct answer is "Membuat inferens". In scientific investigation, making inferences is the first step that needs to be taken. This involves drawing conclusions or making educated guesses based on the available evidence and observations. By making inferences, scientists can start to form hypotheses and develop further experiments or investigations to test their ideas. It is an essential step in the scientific method as it helps researchers to make logical connections and generate new knowledge.

Based on diagram 4, the variable that is responding is the reaction rate. The diagram suggests that there is a relationship between the reaction rate and another variable, which is not specified. However, it can be inferred that the reaction rate is changing or responding to changes in this unspecified variable. Therefore, the correct answer is "Kadar tindak balas" which translates to "Reaction rate" in English.