Bio 3 Exam Translation, DNA Replication, Transciption
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Where does translation occur?
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Nucleus
- C.
Cytoplasm
- D.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
C. CytoplasmExplanation
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis, are located in the cytoplasm. During translation, the ribosomes read the mRNA and use it as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein. The nucleus contains the DNA, which carries the genetic information, but translation occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production and do not play a direct role in translation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Where does transciption occur?
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Nucleus
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Cytoplasm
Correct Answer
B. NucleusExplanation
Transcription is the process by which genetic information stored in DNA is converted into RNA. This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Inside the nucleus, the DNA is transcribed into a complementary RNA molecule by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. This RNA molecule can then be further processed and transported out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into protein by ribosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Where does DNA replication occur?
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Cytoplasm
- D.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
A. NucleusExplanation
DNA replication occurs in the nucleus. This is where the DNA molecule is located in eukaryotic cells, and it is also where the necessary enzymes and proteins for replication are found. The process of DNA replication involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix and the synthesis of two new strands using the existing strands as templates. This replication process is essential for cell division and the transmission of genetic information to daughter cells.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What does DNA replication start with?
- A.
DNA molecule
- B.
RNA molecule
- C.
Protein
- D.
Lysosomes
Correct Answer
A. DNA moleculeExplanation
DNA replication starts with a DNA molecule. This process involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix and the separation of the two strands. Each separated strand then serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. The DNA molecule is the starting point for the replication process because it contains the genetic information that needs to be copied and passed on to daughter cells.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What does transcription start with?
- A.
DNA molecule
- B.
RNA molecule
- C.
Protein
- D.
Lysosomes
Correct Answer
A. DNA moleculeExplanation
Transcription is the process in which genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA. It starts with the DNA molecule because it serves as the template for the synthesis of RNA. RNA polymerase binds to the DNA molecule at the transcription start site and begins to transcribe the DNA sequence into RNA. Therefore, the correct answer is DNA molecule.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What does translation start with?
- A.
RNA molecule
- B.
DNA molecule
- C.
Protein
- D.
Lyosomes
Correct Answer
A. RNA moleculeExplanation
Translation is the process in which a ribosome reads the information encoded in an RNA molecule and uses it to synthesize a protein. Therefore, translation starts with an RNA molecule. The RNA molecule serves as a template for the ribosome to assemble the appropriate sequence of amino acids, which ultimately form a protein. DNA molecules contain the genetic information, but they are transcribed into RNA molecules before translation can occur. Proteins are the end product of translation, and lysosomes are organelles involved in cellular digestion, not directly related to translation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is produced in DNA replication?
- A.
RNA molecule
- B.
Protein
- C.
2 idential DNA molecules
- D.
Genetic code
Correct Answer
C. 2 idential DNA moleculesExplanation
During DNA replication, the DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two strands. Each strand then serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. As a result, two identical DNA molecules are produced, each containing one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. This process ensures the accurate transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is produced in transciption?
- A.
RNA molecule
- B.
2 identical DNA molecules
- C.
Protein
- D.
Genetic code
Correct Answer
A. RNA moleculeExplanation
During transcription, the DNA molecule is used as a template to synthesize an RNA molecule. This process occurs in the nucleus of a cell and is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The RNA molecule produced is a complementary copy of the DNA sequence, with the exception that thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA. This RNA molecule can then be used for various purposes, such as protein synthesis or as a regulatory molecule in gene expression.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What is produced in translation?
- A.
Protein
- B.
RNA molecule
- C.
2 identical DNA molecules
- D.
Genetic code
Correct Answer
A. ProteinExplanation
Translation is the process in which the genetic information encoded in RNA molecules is used to synthesize proteins. During translation, the ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. Therefore, the correct answer is protein.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In DNA replication, when a cell divides the new cell must have a what?
- A.
A copy of DNA
- B.
A copy of RNA
- C.
Protein
- D.
Different DNA structure
Correct Answer
A. A copy of DNAExplanation
During DNA replication, a cell divides and creates a new cell that must have a copy of DNA. This is because DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before dividing. Each new cell needs a complete set of DNA in order to carry out its functions and maintain genetic information. Therefore, the correct answer is a copy of DNA.Rate this question:
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- 11.
During which process is the cell getting ready to make protein
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Transciption
- C.
Translation
- D.
RNA replication
Correct Answer
B. TransciptionExplanation
Transcription is the process in which the DNA molecule is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs. Therefore, during transcription, the cell is preparing to make proteins by producing the mRNA molecule that will serve as a blueprint for protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 12.
During which process is protein made?
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Translation
- C.
Transciption
- D.
RNA replication
Correct Answer
B. TranslationExplanation
Translation is the process in which proteins are made. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and involves the synthesis of proteins using the information encoded in mRNA molecules. During translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. This process is essential for the functioning of cells and is responsible for the production of all the proteins needed for various cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The first step is enzymes unzip and unwind the DNA helix applies to which processes
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Transcription
- C.
Translation
- D.
Cellular respiration
Correct Answer(s)
A. DNA replication
B. TranscriptionExplanation
This statement refers to the initial step in DNA replication and transcription processes. During DNA replication, enzymes called helicases unzip and unwind the double-stranded DNA helix. This allows the DNA to be replicated and copied into two new strands. Similarly, in transcription, the DNA helix is also unzipped and unwound by enzymes to allow the synthesis of RNA from the DNA template. Therefore, the statement applies to both DNA replication and transcription processes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
In what process is the second step the free nucleotides in the nucleus bond with the unzipped nucleotides in the DNA molecule
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Translation
- C.
Transcription
Correct Answer
A. DNA replicationExplanation
In DNA replication, the second step involves the free nucleotides in the nucleus bonding with the unzipped nucleotides in the DNA molecule. This process is essential for creating an identical copy of the DNA molecule. During replication, the DNA molecule unwinds and unzips, exposing the nucleotide bases. The free nucleotides in the nucleus then attach to their complementary bases on the exposed DNA strands, forming new base pairs. This results in the formation of two identical DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In what process is the third step, countine step 2 until the entire strand of DNA is replicated
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Translation
- C.
Transcription
Correct Answer
A. DNA replicationExplanation
The correct answer is DNA replication. DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. In this process, the DNA strands separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. The replication continues until the entire strand of DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. Translation is the process of protein synthesis, and transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In what process is the second step, enzymes are going to base-pair free RNA nucleotides from the nucleus to the unzipped part of the DNA starting at the promoter regions
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Translation
- C.
Transcription
Correct Answer
C. TranscriptionExplanation
In transcription, the second step involves the enzymes base-pairing free RNA nucleotides from the nucleus to the unzipped part of the DNA starting at the promoter regions. This process allows the creation of a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template. It is an essential step in gene expression, where the genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA molecules that can then be used to synthesize proteins through translation.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In what process in the third step is, when the entire gene has been transcribed then the RNA leaves the DNA molecule and DNA rezips
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Transciption
- C.
Translation
Correct Answer
B. TransciptionExplanation
The correct answer is transcription. Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence is used to synthesize RNA molecules. In the third step of transcription, the entire gene has been transcribed, and the RNA molecule separates from the DNA template. The DNA then re-zips, and the RNA molecule can go on to be processed and translated into proteins in the subsequent steps.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In what process in the first step does the tRNA with the anitcodon load its specific amino acid and the ribosome subunit assemble on an mRNA
- A.
Translation
- B.
Transcription
- C.
DNA replication
Correct Answer
A. TranslationExplanation
Translation is the correct answer because it is the process in which the tRNA with the anticodon loads its specific amino acid and the ribosome subunit assembles on an mRNA. During translation, the mRNA sequence is decoded by the ribosome, and tRNA molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, based on the codons on the mRNA. This process ultimately leads to the synthesis of a protein based on the mRNA sequence. Transcription is the process of creating an mRNA molecule from a DNA template, and DNA replication is the process of copying the DNA molecule.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In what process is the second step the tRna with the anticodon that is consensus sequence for the first codo on mRNA comes to the ribosome and the basepairs with the mRNA
- A.
Translation
- B.
Transcription
- C.
DNA replication
Correct Answer
A. TranslationExplanation
Translation is the process in which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins. During translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, and tRNA molecules with complementary anticodons bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome. In the second step of translation, the tRNA with the anticodon that matches the first codon on the mRNA binds to the ribosome and base pairs with the mRNA. This allows the ribosome to assemble the amino acids in the correct order, forming a protein.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In what process is the third step, another tRNA bring its amino acids to ribosomes and basepairs mRNA codon
- A.
Translation
- B.
Transcription
- C.
DNA replication
Correct Answer
A. TranslationExplanation
Translation is the process in which the genetic information stored in mRNA is decoded and used to synthesize proteins. During translation, the ribosomes act as the site where the mRNA codons are read, and tRNA molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosomes. The tRNA molecules have an anticodon that base pairs with the mRNA codon, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. Therefore, the third step described in the question, where another tRNA brings its amino acids to ribosomes and base pairs mRNA codon, is characteristic of the translation process.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which process is a peptide bond form between amino acids
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Translation
- C.
Transcription
Correct Answer
B. TranslationExplanation
Translation is the process in which a peptide bond is formed between amino acids. During translation, the mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to synthesize proteins. The ribosomes read the mRNA codons and match them with the corresponding tRNA molecules carrying specific amino acids. The amino acids are then joined together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein. Therefore, translation is the correct process for peptide bond formation between amino acids.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which step is a peptide bond formed
- A.
Step 2
- B.
Step 5
- C.
Step 4
- D.
Step 6
Correct Answer
C. Step 4Explanation
In step 4, a peptide bond is formed. A peptide bond is a covalent bond that connects two amino acids together in a protein chain. During this step, the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond and the release of a water molecule. This process is known as dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In translation which step is, the first tRNA leaves the ribosomes moves down the mRNA and a new tRNA moves into position
- A.
Step 3
- B.
Step 4
- C.
Step 5
- D.
Step 6
Correct Answer
C. Step 5 -
- 24.
What is the last step in translation?
- A.
Whole thing disassembles
- B.
RNA leaves the DNA molecule and DNA unzips
- C.
The DNA is replicated
- D.
It continues to repeat steps 2-5
Correct Answer
A. Whole thing disassemblesExplanation
The correct answer is "whole thing disassembles." This means that the last step in translation is the disassembly of the entire complex. This suggests that after the RNA leaves the DNA molecule and the DNA unzips, the components of the complex separate and break apart. The other options mentioned, such as DNA replication and the continuation of steps 2-5, do not indicate the final step in translation.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Semi-conservative" best describes which process?
- A.
DNA replication
- B.
Translation
- C.
Transciption
Correct Answer
A. DNA replicationExplanation
DNA replication is best described as "semi-conservative" because during this process, each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. As a result, the newly formed DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. This term "semi-conservative" was coined by Watson and Crick to describe the mechanism of DNA replication.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Semi-conservative means what?
Correct Answer
each new dna molecule produced has half old nucleotides and half new nucleutidesExplanation
The term "semi-conservative" refers to the process of DNA replication, where each new DNA molecule formed consists of one strand that is old (original) and one strand that is newly synthesized. This means that half of the nucleotides in the new DNA molecule are derived from the old (parental) DNA strand, while the other half are newly synthesized nucleotides. This process ensures the preservation of genetic information during cell division and allows for genetic diversity through mutation and recombination.Rate this question:
- 27.
In a DNA molecule adenine (A) is base paired with?
- A.
Thymine
- B.
Guanine
- C.
Cytosine
- D.
Uracil
Correct Answer
A. ThymineExplanation
Adenine is always base paired with thymine in a DNA molecule. This is because adenine and thymine form a complementary base pair, where adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine. This base pairing is essential for the stability and replication of DNA. Guanine is base paired with cytosine, and uracil is found in RNA instead of thymine.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In DNA thymine (T) is basepaired with
- A.
Adenine
- B.
Guanine
- C.
Cytosine
- D.
Uracil
Correct Answer
A. AdenineExplanation
In DNA, thymine (T) is always basepaired with adenine. This is due to the complementary base pairing rule, where adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. This pairing is essential for DNA replication and transcription processes, as it ensures that the genetic information is accurately copied and transcribed. Uracil, on the other hand, is found in RNA and replaces thymine in RNA molecules.Rate this question:
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- 29.
In DNa guanine (G) is basepaired with
- A.
Cytosine
- B.
Thymine
- C.
Adenine
- D.
Uracil
Correct Answer
A. CytosineExplanation
Guanine (G) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA. It forms a base pair with cytosine (C) through hydrogen bonding. This base pairing is a fundamental principle in DNA structure, where G always pairs with C and adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) in DNA molecules. This complementary base pairing is essential for DNA replication and transcription, as it ensures the accurate transmission of genetic information. Therefore, the correct answer is cytosine, as it is the base that pairs with guanine in DNA.Rate this question:
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- 30.
In DNA cytosine (C) is basepaired with
- A.
Guanine
- B.
Thymine
- C.
Adenine
- D.
Uracil
Correct Answer
A. GuanineExplanation
In DNA, cytosine (C) is always basepaired with guanine (G). This is due to the specific hydrogen bonding patterns between the bases. Cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds with each other, creating a stable basepair. Thymine (T) is the complementary base for adenine (A), while uracil (U) is found in RNA instead of DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is guanine.Rate this question:
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- 31.
InRNA consensus squence adenine is basepaired with
- A.
Uracil
- B.
Thymine
- C.
Guanine
- D.
Cytosine
Correct Answer
A. UracilExplanation
RNA is a single-stranded molecule that contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA. In RNA, adenine forms a base pair with uracil. Therefore, the correct answer is uracil.Rate this question:
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- 32.
In RNA consensus sequence thymine is basepaired with
- A.
Adenine
- B.
Uracil
- C.
Guanine
- D.
Cytosine
Correct Answer
A. AdenineExplanation
In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil. Therefore, in RNA consensus sequence, uracil is basepaired with adenine.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Segments of DNA that signal the start of transcription
- A.
Promoter regions
- B.
Peptides
- C.
Anticodon
- D.
Codon
Correct Answer
A. Promoter regionsExplanation
Promoter regions are segments of DNA that signal the start of transcription, the process of copying DNA into RNA. They contain specific sequences that bind to RNA polymerase, an enzyme responsible for initiating transcription. Promoter regions are crucial in regulating gene expression as they determine when and how much RNA will be transcribed from a particular gene. Therefore, promoter regions play a vital role in controlling gene activity and are essential for proper cellular function.Rate this question:
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- 34.
A segment of DNA that holds the recipe for protein
- A.
Gene
- B.
Chromosomes
- C.
Codon
- D.
Intron
Correct Answer
A. GeneExplanation
A gene is a segment of DNA that holds the recipe for protein. It contains the instructions for building and functioning of specific proteins in an organism. Genes are the basic units of heredity and are responsible for the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. They play a crucial role in determining an organism's characteristics and functions.Rate this question:
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- 35.
One strand of DNA that holds the recipe for one protein
- A.
Chromosome
- B.
Gene
- C.
Peptide
- D.
Codon
Correct Answer
A. ChromosomeExplanation
A chromosome is a structure made up of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Each chromosome contains many genes, which are segments of DNA that provide the instructions for making proteins. Therefore, a chromosome can be seen as a long strand of DNA that holds the recipe for multiple proteins, not just one.Rate this question:
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- 36.
In which process is a special feature "turning on" and "turning off" gene ?
- A.
Transciption
- B.
Translation
- C.
DNA replication
Correct Answer
A. TransciptionExplanation
Transcription is the process in which genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA. During transcription, a special feature called "turning on" and "turning off" genes occurs. This refers to the regulation of gene expression, where certain genes are activated or deactivated based on the cell's needs. Transcription allows the cell to selectively transcribe specific genes, leading to the production of specific proteins. Therefore, transcription is the process that involves the "turning on" and "turning off" of genes.Rate this question:
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- 37.
During "turning on" a gene what happens
- A.
Makes RNA copy
- B.
Cell is getting ready to make protein
- C.
DNA is duplicated
- D.
Enzymes unwind the DNA helix
Correct Answer
A. Makes RNA copyExplanation
During "turning on" a gene, the process of transcription occurs where an RNA copy of the gene is made. This involves the enzyme RNA polymerase binding to the DNA and unwinding the DNA helix. The RNA polymerase then reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA copy is later used as a template for protein synthesis, indicating that the cell is getting ready to make a protein based on the activated gene.Rate this question:
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- 38.
How many chromosomes to human body (somatic) cells have?
- A.
46
- B.
23
- C.
92
- D.
21
Correct Answer
A. 46Explanation
Human body cells, also known as somatic cells, have 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain DNA and carry genetic information. Each somatic cell in the human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 individual chromosomes. These chromosomes are responsible for determining various traits and characteristics in an individual.Rate this question:
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- 39.
How many chromosomes does each normal human egg and sperm have?
- A.
23
- B.
46
- C.
91
- D.
21
Correct Answer
A. 23Explanation
Each normal human egg and sperm have 23 chromosomes. This is because during the process of fertilization, when the egg and sperm combine, they each contribute 23 chromosomes to form a complete set of 46 chromosomes in the resulting zygote. The 23 chromosomes in each gamete are a result of a process called meiosis, which halves the number of chromosomes in each cell to ensure that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote has the correct number of chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 40.
DNA sequences that are not part of recipe for protein
- A.
Introns
- B.
Exons
- C.
Anticodons
- D.
Nucleotides
Correct Answer
A. IntronsExplanation
DNA sequences that are not part of the recipe for a protein are called introns. Introns are portions of DNA within a gene that are transcribed into precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) but are removed by splicing during the processing to form mature mRNA, which then translates into a protein. Exons, in contrast, are sequences in DNA that are transcribed and retained in the final mRNA molecule. Anticodons are part of tRNA, not DNA. Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA, not specific sequences.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Segment of DNA that does code for protein
- A.
Exon
- B.
Intons
- C.
Codons
- D.
Diploids
Correct Answer
A. ExonExplanation
An exon is a segment of DNA that contains the coding sequence for a protein. It is the part of the gene that is transcribed into mRNA and ultimately translated into a protein. Exons are separated by introns, which do not code for proteins. Codons, on the other hand, are sequences of three nucleotides that specify a particular amino acid or signal the end of protein synthesis. Diploids refer to cells or organisms that have two sets of chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Three modifications of RNA occur so it can survive in cytoplasm and make protein
- A.
Add a poly tail
- B.
Remove a poly tail
- C.
Remove intons
- D.
Add intons
- E.
Add a guanine cap
- F.
Add an adenine cap
Correct Answer(s)
A. Add a poly tail
C. Remove intons
E. Add a guanine capExplanation
The correct answer is "add a poly tail, remove intons, add a guanine cap." RNA undergoes modifications in order to survive in the cytoplasm and participate in protein synthesis. Adding a poly tail at the 3' end helps protect the RNA from degradation. Removing introns, non-coding regions within the RNA molecule, ensures that only the coding regions, exons, are used for protein synthesis. Adding a guanine cap at the 5' end provides stability and helps with the initiation of protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Reasons for introns
- A.
Evolutionary leftover
- B.
Flexibility to our DNA
- C.
Helps RNA attach to ribosome
- D.
Stabilizes RNA to help send messages
Correct Answer(s)
A. Evolutionary leftover
B. Flexibility to our DNAExplanation
Introns are non-coding regions of DNA that do not contain instructions for protein synthesis. They are believed to be evolutionary leftovers from a time when they may have served a purpose. The presence of introns provides flexibility to our DNA, allowing for genetic variation and the potential for new gene functions to evolve. While introns do not directly help RNA attach to ribosomes or stabilize RNA to send messages, they do play a role in gene regulation and alternative splicing, which can impact protein production and function.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What does adding a poly tail do for RNA in the cytoplasm
- A.
Stabilizes RNA to help messages survive nucleases
- B.
Help RNA attach to ribosomes
- C.
DNA code for protein
- D.
Allows the DNA to be flexible
Correct Answer
A. Stabilizes RNA to help messages survive nucleasesExplanation
Adding a poly tail to RNA in the cytoplasm stabilizes the RNA and helps messages survive nucleases. Nucleases are enzymes that break down RNA, so the poly tail acts as a protective cap, preventing the RNA from being degraded. This stabilization allows the RNA to persist in the cytoplasm for longer periods, increasing the chances of successful translation and protein synthesis. The poly tail does not directly help RNA attach to ribosomes or serve as DNA code for protein. It also does not allow DNA to be flexible.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What does adding a guanine cap do for RNA in the cytoplasm
- A.
Help RNA attach to ribosome
- B.
Stablizies RNA which helps messages survive nucleases
- C.
DNA code for protein
- D.
Allows DNA to be flexible
Correct Answer
A. Help RNA attach to ribosomeExplanation
Adding a guanine cap to RNA in the cytoplasm helps RNA attach to ribosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and the guanine cap facilitates the binding of RNA to ribosomes, allowing the translation of the genetic code into proteins. This cap also stabilizes the RNA molecule, protecting it from degradation by nucleases, which helps the messages encoded in the RNA survive longer in the cytoplasm.Rate this question:
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- 46.
What does removing intons do for RNA in the cytoplasm?
- A.
Allows our DNA to be flexible
- B.
Help RNA attach to ribosome
- C.
Stabilizes RNA which helps messages survive nucleases
- D.
DNA code for protein
Correct Answer
A. Allows our DNA to be flexibleExplanation
Removing intons (introns) from RNA in the cytoplasm allows our DNA to be flexible. Intons are non-coding regions of DNA that are transcribed into RNA but are not involved in protein synthesis. By removing intons, the RNA molecule becomes more streamlined and can easily attach to ribosomes for translation into proteins. This process of removing intons is called RNA splicing and it helps in the efficient utilization of genetic information stored in DNA.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What is the last step in transcription
- A.
RNA leaves the DNA molecule and DNA rezips
- B.
RNA molecules move out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm
- C.
DNA is duplicated
- D.
The tRNA leaves the ribosome and moves down the mRNA and a new tRNA moves into position
Correct Answer
B. RNA molecules move out of the nucleus into the cytoplasmExplanation
The last step in transcription is when RNA molecules move out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Transcription is the process in which genetic information from DNA is transcribed into RNA molecules. After the RNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleus, they are transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where they can undergo further processing and translation to produce proteins. This step is crucial for the transfer of genetic information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Cytoplasm has many ____________ and many of which __________ nuclecic acids.
- A.
Chromosomes/upgrade
- B.
Enzymes/degrade
- C.
Genes/upgrade
- D.
Codons/degrade
Correct Answer
B. Enzymes/degradeExplanation
Cytoplasm contains many enzymes, and many of these enzymes are responsible for degrading nucleic acids.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Special features for translation are
- A.
Genetic code
- B.
3 types of RNA
- C.
Promoter regions
- D.
RNA processing
- E.
Semiconservative mechanism
Correct Answer(s)
A. Genetic code
B. 3 types of RNAExplanation
The special features for translation are the genetic code and the presence of three types of RNA. The genetic code is a set of rules that determines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein. This process requires the involvement of three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein with the help of tRNA molecules that bring the corresponding amino acids. rRNA is a component of the ribosome and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Special features for transcription
- A.
Promoter regions
- B.
RNA processing
- C.
Genetic code
- D.
3 types of RNA
- E.
Semiconservative mechanism
Correct Answer(s)
A. Promoter regions
B. RNA processingExplanation
Promoter regions are special DNA sequences located upstream of a gene that initiate transcription. They provide binding sites for RNA polymerase and other transcription factors, allowing the gene to be transcribed into RNA. RNA processing refers to the modifications that occur to RNA molecules after transcription, including splicing, capping, and polyadenylation. These modifications are necessary for the RNA to be functional and stable. Therefore, both promoter regions and RNA processing are special features involved in the transcription process.Rate this question:
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May 15, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Nov 12, 2011Quiz Created by
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