Biochemistry Quiz On Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the fuel that provides energy to the human body. This Biochemistry quiz on carbohydrates tests your understanding of carbohydrates and other complex chemical phenomena related to the human body. The quiz contains various questions ranging from easy, medium, to hard levels aimed not only to test your knowledge but also to provide you with valuable learning. If you find the quiz helpful, do share it with your friends. All the best!
Biochemistry Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of these elements is NOT a constituent of Carbohydrates?
- A.
Carbon
- B.
Hydrogen
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Nitrogen
Correct Answer
D. NitrogenExplanation
Carbohydrates strictly consist of Carbon, and the components of Water ('hydro') - Hydrogen & Oxygen. Hence, Carbo+HydrateRate this question:
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- 2.
What is another word that might describe complex carbohydrates?
- A.
Monosaccharide
- B.
Disaccharide
- C.
Polysaccharide
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. PolysaccharideExplanation
Complex carbohydrates are often referred to as polysaccharides. These are large molecules composed of many sugar units (monosaccharides) bonded together. Unlike simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides), which are quickly digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, complex carbohydrates take longer to break down due to their complex structure. They provide a sustained release of energy and are found in foods such as whole grains, vegetables, and legumes. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in providing energy storage and structural support in plants and animals, contributing to overall dietary fiber and digestive health.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Carbon is the basis for carbohydrates and all other biologically important molecules. All of the following are reasons why Carbon lends itself to being the basic building block of life on our planet - except for one. Which statement is incorrect?
- A.
Carbon readily makes four stable bonds in single, double, or triple configurations.
- B.
Carbon is a very dense & heavy element, giving living things stability.
- C.
Carbon is the least electronegative non-metal
- D.
Carbon has a high affinity for Oxygen & Hydrogen, which make bonds easily with C.
Correct Answer
B. Carbon is a very dense & heavy element, giving living things stability.Explanation
Carbon is not so dense and heavy as to be the reason for stable biomolecules. Their stability comes from a variety of factors, including bonds, molecule shape, size & molecular mass.Rate this question:
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- 4.
As a component of Carbohydrates, Oxygen is very important, too. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the way Oxygen behaves as part of a molecule?
- A.
Oxygen has six outer valence electrons, and makes up to 2 bonds.
- B.
Oxygen is highly electronegative; it is an 'electron hog', sharing them unevenly.
- C.
The uneven sharing of electrons results in Oxygen forming polar covalent bonds.
- D.
The presence of oxygen in Carbohydrates makes them highly insoluble in water.
Correct Answer
D. The presence of oxygen in Carbohydrates makes them highly insoluble in water.Explanation
Actually, the reverse is true: Oxygen enhances a molecule's solubility in water.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of these functional groups are you not going to find in a carbohydrate?
- A.
Carbonyl -C=O
- B.
Sulfhydryl -SH
- C.
Hydroxyl -OH
- D.
Ether -C-O-C-
Correct Answer
B. Sulfhydryl -SHExplanation
Sulfur is not a component of the Carbohydrates. It is found in some amino acids & proteins.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Fructose
- C.
Maltose
- D.
Sucrose
Correct Answer
A. GlucoseExplanation
The structural diagram represents glucose, a simple sugar and monosaccharide. Glucose is an important carbohydrate in the body and is used as a source of energy. It is a hexose sugar, meaning it has six carbon atoms. The diagram shows the arrangement of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in glucose, with a ring structure formed by five carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Fructose
- C.
Maltose
- D.
Sucrose
Correct Answer
C. MaltoseExplanation
The structural diagram represents maltose because it shows two glucose molecules linked together by a glycosidic bond. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units, and the diagram accurately depicts this structure. Glucose is a monosaccharide, fructose is a different monosaccharide, and sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Therefore, the correct answer is maltose.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Fructose
- C.
Maltose
- D.
Sucrose
Correct Answer
B. FructoseExplanation
The structural diagram represents fructose because it matches the chemical structure of fructose, which is a monosaccharide with a five-carbon ring structure. Glucose, maltose, and sucrose have different structural arrangements and do not match the diagram.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Fructose
- C.
Maltose
- D.
Sucrose
Correct Answer
D. SucroseExplanation
The structural diagram provided represents sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule joined together by a glycosidic bond. The diagram shows the two monosaccharides connected by this bond, indicating that it is sucrose.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The diagrams below show a complex carbohydrate in some of your body cells. Which complex carbohydrate is it?
- A.
Cellulose
- B.
Chitin
- C.
Glucagon
- D.
Glycogen
Correct Answer
D. GlycogenExplanation
Glycogen is the main storage polysaccharide in mammalian bodies. Your liver & some large skeletal muscles store it.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which category of carbohydrates do the sugars glucose, fructose, and galactose belong to?
- A.
Monosaccharides
- B.
Disaccharides
- C.
Polysaccharides
Correct Answer
A. MonosaccharidesExplanation
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of monosaccharides, which are simple sugars. Monosaccharides are the most basic units of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down into smaller sugars by hydrolysis. They consist of a single sugar molecule and are easily absorbed by the body for quick energy. Glucose is a primary source of energy for cells, fructose is commonly found in fruits and honey, and galactose is typically found in dairy products. These monosaccharides serve as building blocks for more complex carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides, which consist of two or more monosaccharide units bonded together.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which category of carbohydrates do the sugars lactose, maltose, and sucrose belong to?
- A.
Monosaccharides
- B.
Disaccharides
- C.
Polysaccharides
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. DisaccharidesExplanation
Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are all examples of disaccharides, which are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide units bonded together. Specifically:Lactose is composed of glucose and galactose.Maltose is composed of two glucose molecules.Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose.Disaccharides are formed through a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis) where a molecule of water is removed to bond two monosaccharides together. They are commonly found in foods such as milk (lactose), grains (maltose), and table sugar (sucrose). Disaccharides are broken down into their monosaccharide components during digestion to be absorbed and used for energy by the body.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The diagram below shows the most common reaction that helps more complex carbohydrates form. What is the name of the reaction?
- A.
Hydrolysis
- B.
Dehydration synthesis
- C.
Dehydoxylation
- D.
Hydration
Correct Answer
B. Dehydration synthesisExplanation
It's a removal of water (O + OH = H2O) (dehydration) that brings together two molecules into one (synthesis).Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is NOT a role of Carbohydrates in a cell or organism?
- A.
Provide energy, either immediate or long-term (storage)
- B.
Provide structure, support, and strength in certain organisms.
- C.
Formation of muscle tissues & bone in vertebrate bodies
- D.
Osmoregulation - moderating fluid balance in living organisms
Correct Answer
C. Formation of muscle tissues & bone in vertebrate bodiesExplanation
Although we tend to think of carbs as a high-energy nutrient, they have other roles: chitin makes up the exoskeletons of insects & crustaceans, cellulose is the supporting fibre of herbaceous plants, and starches & sugars play a role in osmoregulation of cells, too. Protein is responsible for forming muscle & bone.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Fructose
- C.
Galactose
- D.
Sucrose
Correct Answer
D. SucroseExplanation
Sucrose is not a monosaccharide because it is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, joined together by a glycosidic bond. Monosaccharides, on the other hand, are single sugar molecules that cannot be broken down into smaller sugar units. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides because they consist of a single sugar unit.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the most common monosaccharide found in the human body?
- A.
Fructose
- B.
Galactos
- C.
Ribose
- D.
Glucose
Correct Answer
D. GlucoseExplanation
Glucose is the most common monosaccharide found in the human body. It is a primary source of energy for cells and is essential for metabolic processes. Glucose is transported through the bloodstream to provide energy to all body tissues. It is also a building block for more complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen. Monitoring glucose levels is crucial in managing conditions like diabetes, highlighting its importance in biochemistry and health.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What polysaccharide is used by plants to store energy?
- A.
Cellulose
- B.
Glycogen
- C.
Starch
- D.
Chitin
Correct Answer
C. StarchExplanation
Starch is the polysaccharide used by plants to store energy. It is made up of glucose units linked together and is stored in plant cells as granules. When energy is needed, plants break down starch into glucose, which can then be used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells. Starch is also an important dietary carbohydrate for humans and animals, providing a significant source of energy.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into simpler sugars?
- A.
Lactase
- B.
Amylase
- C.
Maltase
- D.
Sucrase
Correct Answer
B. AmylaseExplanation
Amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down starch into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. Amylase is produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas. When we eat starchy foods, amylase in saliva begins the digestion process in the mouth, and pancreatic amylase continues the process in the small intestine. This enzyme plays a crucial role in carbohydrate digestion, ensuring that complex carbohydrates can be converted into a form that the body can use for energy.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What carbohydrate is the main structural component of plant cell walls?
- A.
Starch
- B.
Glycogen
- C.
Cellulose
- D.
Chitin
Correct Answer
C. CelluloseExplanation
Cellulose is the main structural component of plant cell walls. It is a polysaccharide made up of long chains of glucose molecules linked together. These chains are arranged in a way that provides strength and rigidity to plant cells, helping to maintain their shape and structural integrity. Cellulose is indigestible by humans due to our lack of enzymes capable of breaking its bonds, but it serves as an important dietary fiber that aids in digestion. Unlike starch and glycogen, which are used for energy storage in plants and animals respectively, cellulose primarily functions as a structural support in plant tissues.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What carbohydrate is stored in the liver and muscles for energy?
- A.
Starch
- B.
Cellulose
- C.
Sucrose
- D.
Glycogen
Correct Answer
D. GlycogenExplanation
Glycogen is the carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscles for energy. It is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units linked together in a highly branched structure. When the body needs energy, glycogen is broken down into glucose, which is then used in cellular respiration to produce ATP. Glycogen storage allows for quick release of glucose during physical activity or between meals, maintaining blood sugar levels and energy supply.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What is the main sugar found in milk?
- A.
Sucrose
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Fructose
- D.
Lactose
Correct Answer
D. LactoseExplanation
Lactose is the main sugar found in milk. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. Lactose is digested in the small intestine by the enzyme lactase, which breaks it down into its monosaccharide components for absorption. Lactose is an important source of energy for infants and young mammals. Some people have lactose intolerance, which means they lack sufficient lactase to digest lactose properly, leading to digestive discomfort.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What type of bond links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides?
- A.
Peptide bond
- B.
Hydrogen bond
- C.
Glycosidic bond
- D.
Ionic bond
Correct Answer
C. Glycosidic bondExplanation
A glycosidic bond links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides. This covalent bond forms between the hydroxyl group of one monosaccharide and the anomeric carbon of another, releasing a molecule of water. Glycosidic bonds can vary in their position and configuration, leading to different structures and properties of polysaccharides, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Understanding glycosidic bonds is fundamental in biochemistry, as it explains how complex carbohydrates are built from simple sugars.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Aug 07, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Expert Reviewed by
Stephen Reinbold -
Feb 04, 2011Quiz Created by
Astosich
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