Biology 130 Test
Practice questions i have developed to help study for University first year biology for the sciences. Does not cover all course content!
- 1.
What is one exception to the cell theory?
- A.
All living things are composed of more or more units called cells.
- B.
Each cell is capable of maintaining its vitality independent of the rest
- C.
Cells can only arise from other cells
- D.
Cells are highly complex and organized but are all enclosed by a physical barrier cell membrane.
Correct Answer
D. Cells are highly complex and organized but are all enclosed by a pHysical barrier cell membrane.Explanation
The exception to the cell theory is that not all cells are enclosed by a physical barrier cell membrane. For example, red blood cells in mammals do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They are an exception to the general characteristics of cells, as they lack a cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following are true of Eukaryotic cells?
- A.
Cells acquire and utilize energy.
- B.
Cells carry out a variety of chemical reactions.
- C.
Cells engage in numerous mechanical activities.
- D.
Cells are capable of existing independent of the rest.
- E.
All cells have cell walls.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Cells acquire and utilize energy.
B. Cells carry out a variety of chemical reactions.
C. Cells engage in numerous mechanical activities.Explanation
Eukaryotic cells are true for the following statements: They acquire and utilize energy, carry out a variety of chemical reactions, and engage in numerous mechanical activities. Eukaryotic cells have organelles such as mitochondria that produce energy through cellular respiration. They also have various enzymes and metabolic pathways that allow them to carry out a wide range of chemical reactions. Additionally, eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton that enables them to perform mechanical activities such as cell division, movement, and shape changes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is one exception to the cell theory?
- A.
Viruses, because they can not be independently produced.
- B.
Viroids because they contain DNA.
- C.
Prions because they are capable of self building.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Viruses, because they can not be independently produced.Explanation
Viruses are an exception to the cell theory because they cannot be independently produced. Unlike cells, viruses require a host cell to replicate and carry out their life cycle. They lack the necessary cellular machinery to reproduce on their own. Therefore, viruses are not considered living organisms according to the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells and arise from pre-existing cells.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Arrange the different parts of the cytoskeleton from smallest to largest.
- A.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- B.
Protista and Eukaryotes
- C.
Bacteria and cells
- D.
Tissue cells and blood cells
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Prokaryotes and EukaryotesExplanation
The correct answer is "Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes." This is because prokaryotes and eukaryotes are two different types of cells, with prokaryotes being smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotes. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provide structural support and enable cell movement. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the cytoskeleton is present, but it is more complex and diverse in eukaryotes. Therefore, the cytoskeleton in prokaryotes is smaller and simpler than in eukaryotes, making "Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes" the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which things do eukaryotes have but prokaryotes do not have
- A.
All multicellular organisims consist of eukaryotes.
- B.
The DNA lies free in the cell.
- C.
The Nucleus is an organell.
- D.
DNA is sometimes referred to as "Naked"
- E.
Both A and C
Correct Answer
E. Both A and CExplanation
Eukaryotes have a nucleus, which is an organelle that contains the DNA. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, do not have a nucleus and their DNA lies free in the cell. Therefore, both statements A and C are correct, as they highlight the presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes and its absence in prokaryotes.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which 4 of the 6 kingdoms are from the eukaryotic kingdoms?
- A.
Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
- B.
Intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules
- C.
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
- D.
Mircofilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments
Correct Answer
C. Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubulesExplanation
The given answer includes the three types of cytoskeletal filaments found in eukaryotic cells: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. These structures are part of the cytoskeleton, which provides structural support, helps with cell movement, and is involved in various cellular processes. Therefore, these three choices are correct as they represent eukaryotic structures.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following do plant cells have, but animal cells do not have?
- A.
Organells
- B.
Network of internal membrane
- C.
Cytoskeleton
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Plant cells have all of the above (organelles, a network of internal membrane, and a cytoskeleton), while animal cells do not have these features. Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions. Plant cells have various organelles such as chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. The network of internal membrane refers to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in protein synthesis and transportation. The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps with cell movement. Animal cells lack these features, making "All of the above" the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In biology what type of bond is most important?
- A.
Archae, Protista, fungi and animalia
- B.
Protista, fungi, Plantae and animalia
- C.
Bacteria, fungi, archae and Plantae
- D.
Plantae, animalia, bacteria and fungi
- E.
Archae, bacteria, protista and fungi
Correct Answer
B. Protista, fungi, Plantae and animalia -
- 9.
Which characteristcs are true of polar molecules?
- A.
Cell walls
- B.
Plastids
- C.
Large vacuoles
- D.
None of the above
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
Polar molecules are characterized by having an uneven distribution of charge, with one end being slightly positive and the other end being slightly negative. Cell walls, plastids, and large vacuoles all exhibit this characteristic, making them true of polar molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above".Rate this question:
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- 10.
Ionization:
- A.
Covalent bond
- B.
Ionic bond
- C.
Hydrogen bond
- D.
London dispersion
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Covalent bondExplanation
A covalent bond is the correct answer because ionization refers to the process of forming ions by gaining or losing electrons. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms rather than being transferred completely. This means that covalent compounds do not easily ionize, as the shared electrons are not easily gained or lost. Ionic bonds, on the other hand, involve the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions. Hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces are types of intermolecular forces, not types of bonds.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Free radicals are atoms or molecules that have orbitals containing a single unpaired electron and are capable of independent existence.
- A.
Certain atoms attract other atoms more than others.
- B.
If the bond is shaped in a certain way it results in a polar molecule.
- C.
Electrons are shared
- D.
A and b
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. A and bExplanation
Certain atoms attract other atoms more than others, which can result in a polar molecule. This is because if the bond between the atoms is shaped in a certain way, it can cause an unequal sharing of electrons. Free radicals, on the other hand, are atoms or molecules that have orbitals containing a single unpaired electron and are capable of independent existence. Therefore, the correct answer is a and b, as both statements are true.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Free radicals are responsible for:
- A.
Is when one atom loses electrons and another gains electrons.
- B.
Results in charged atoms or ions.
- C.
Only forms between 2 metals
- D.
All of the above
- E.
A and b
Correct Answer
E. A and bExplanation
The correct answer is "a and b". Free radicals are responsible for both the process of one atom losing electrons and another gaining electrons (resulting in charged atoms or ions), as well as the formation between two metals.Rate this question:
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- 13.
DNA is stabilized by Hydrophobic bonds
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
DNA is stabilized by hydrophobic bonds because the hydrophobic bases in the DNA molecule tend to cluster together in the interior of the double helix, away from the surrounding water molecules. This clustering reduces the contact between the hydrophobic bases and water, which is energetically favorable. The hydrophobic interactions between the bases contribute to the stability of the DNA molecule by helping to hold the two strands of the double helix together. Additionally, the hydrophobic interactions also play a role in the binding of DNA to proteins, such as enzymes and transcription factors, which is essential for many cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The Cell membrane is stabilized by hydrogen bonds
- A.
Cell signaling
- B.
Aging
- C.
Metabolism
- D.
A and b
- E.
A and c
Correct Answer
D. A and bExplanation
The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the polar heads of the phospholipids. These hydrogen bonds help to maintain the structural integrity of the membrane and ensure its proper function. Cell signaling and aging can both be influenced by the stability of the cell membrane, as it plays a crucial role in the communication between cells and in the aging process. Metabolism, on the other hand, is not directly related to the stabilization of the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Macromolecules are large, complex molecules that are critical to the structure and function of living organisms. The four main types of macromolecules are:
Carbohydrates: Serve as energy sources and structural components.
Proteins: Perform a wide variety of functions including catalyzing metabolic reactions (enzymes), providing structural support, and regulating processes.
Lipids: Function as energy storage molecules, make up cell membranes, and serve as signaling molecules.
Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA, which store and transmit genetic information.
These macromolecules are essential for life and play crucial roles in biological processes.Rate this question:
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- 16.
An example of a biological role of a lipid is..
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A lipid is a type of biomolecule that serves various biological roles, such as being a major component of cell membranes, providing insulation and protection to organs, and serving as a source of energy. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that there is no biological role for lipids.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A fat is saturated if
- A.
Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins
- B.
Fats, carbohydrates, nutrients and amino acids
- C.
Lipids, mono-saccharides, amino acids and proteins
- D.
Fats, mono-saccharides, nucleotides and amino acids
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins -
- 18.
Phosphioglycerideds...
- A.
Being a source of energy in the diet.
- B.
Being soluble in organic solvents
- C.
Being the structural element of biological membranes
- D.
A and C
- E.
B and C
Correct Answer
D. A and CExplanation
Phosphoglycerides are a type of lipid that serves as a source of energy in the diet. They can be broken down and utilized by the body for energy production. Additionally, phosphoglycerides are an essential component of biological membranes, providing structural support and regulating the movement of molecules in and out of cells. Therefore, the correct answer is A and C.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
- A.
Store genetic information
- B.
Catalyze biochemical reactions
- C.
Serve as a primary source of energy
- D.
Provide insulation and protection
Correct Answer
C. Serve as a primary source of energyExplanation
Carbohydrates are essential macromolecules that serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by cells to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. While other functions like storing genetic information (nucleic acids), catalyzing biochemical reactions (proteins), and providing insulation and protection (lipids) are important, they are not the primary functions of carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Glycogen is...
- A.
Cholesterol
- B.
Seine
- C.
Glucose
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. GlucoseExplanation
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of glucose in animals. It is composed of many glucose molecules linked together in a branched structure. Cholesterol and Seine are not related to glycogen. Therefore, the correct answer is glucose, as glycogen is made up of glucose molecules.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Starch is the principal food reserve in plants and comes in 2 forms what are they?
- A.
Amylose and chitin
- B.
Cellulose and amylopectin
- C.
Chitin and cellulose
- D.
Amylose and amylopectin
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. Amylose and amylopectinExplanation
Starch is the principal food reserve in plants and it is available in two forms: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a linear chain of glucose molecules, while amylopectin is a branched chain of glucose molecules. These two forms of starch provide energy storage for plants and are important components of their structure.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Cellulose is not good for human consumption because
- A.
We can not hydrolyze the beta 1-4 linkage
- B.
We can not hydrolyze the beta 1-6 linkage
- C.
We can not hydrolyze the alpha 1-4 linkage
- D.
We can not hydrolyze the alpha 1-6 linkage
- E.
Cellulose is good for human consumption
Correct Answer
A. We can not hydrolyze the beta 1-4 linkageExplanation
Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate, or polysaccharide, consisting of 3,000 or more glucose units. The glucose units are linked by a type of linkage called a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond. Humans lack the enzyme to break down these bonds, so while cellulose is not harmful, we cannot derive any nutritional benefit from it. However, it does provide dietary fiber, which aids in digestion.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A purine consists of ________ and an example is ________.
- A.
A 2 ring , adenine
- B.
A 1 ring , cytosine
- C.
A 2 ring , uracil
- D.
A 1 ring , guanine
- E.
Nitrogenous base, DNA
Correct Answer
A. A 2 ring , adenineExplanation
A purine consists of a 2 ring structure and an example of a purine is adenine. Purines are one of the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, the other being pyrimidines. Adenine is one of the four bases found in DNA, along with cytosine, guanine, and thymine. It forms a base pair with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA. Adenine is involved in the coding and decoding of genetic information, playing a crucial role in the structure and function of DNA and RNA molecules.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Pentose is a 5 carbon sugar and can be found as ribose but not as deoxyribose.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar with 5 carbon atoms, just like ribose. Therefore, the statement that pentose can be found as ribose but not as deoxyribose is incorrect. Both ribose and deoxyribose are examples of pentose sugars.Rate this question:
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- 25.
An example of a nucleotide is:
- A.
Adenosine monophosphate
- B.
Adenosine heptaphosphate
- C.
Deoxyadenosine heptaphosphate
- D.
Deoxyadenosine propaphosphate
Correct Answer
A. Adenosine monopHospHateExplanation
Adenosine monophosphate is an example of a nucleotide because it is composed of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a five-carbon sugar (ribose), and a phosphate group. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, and they play a crucial role in various cellular processes including energy transfer, enzyme reactions, and genetic coding. Adenosine monophosphate specifically consists of a single phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the ribose sugar, making it a monophosphate.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Nulecotides are monomeic units form which DNA and RNA are made, they are second messengers in cell signaling and they act as agents in energy-transferring reactions during metabolism.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Nucleotides are indeed the monomeric units that make up DNA and RNA. They also serve as second messengers in cell signaling, transmitting signals within cells. Additionally, nucleotides play a crucial role in energy-transferring reactions during metabolism. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Coenzymes are
- A.
Nonprotien substances that are required for enzyme action.
- B.
Usually adenosine nucleotides combined with vitamins of B complex.
- C.
All of the above
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. All of the aboveExplanation
Coenzymes are nonprotein substances that are required for enzyme action. They are usually adenosine nucleotides combined with vitamins of the B complex. This means that coenzymes can be both nonprotein substances and adenosine nucleotides combined with B complex vitamins. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above".Rate this question:
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- 28.
Ribonucleic acid is
- A.
Usually single stranded
- B.
Contains adinine, guanine cytosine and uracil
- C.
Contains adinine, uracil, thymine and guanine
- D.
Its sugar is always ribose
- E.
A, B and D
Correct Answer
E. A, B and DExplanation
The correct answer is A, B and D. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is usually single stranded, meaning it consists of a single chain of nucleotides. It contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), RNA does not contain thymine but instead contains uracil. Additionally, the sugar in RNA is always ribose. Therefore, options A, B, and D are all correct statements about RNA.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Protiens....
- A.
Consist of one or more polypeptide chain
- B.
Have one specific function
- C.
Have tertiary structures
- D.
A and C
- E.
B and C
Correct Answer
D. A and CExplanation
Proteins consist of one or more polypeptide chains and have tertiary structures. Polypeptide chains are formed by the bonding of amino acids, and proteins can have multiple polypeptide chains. The tertiary structure refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a protein, which is crucial for its function. Therefore, the correct answer is A and C, as proteins consist of polypeptide chains and have tertiary structures.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Amino acids
- A.
Are the structural units for nucleic acids
- B.
are organic acids that contain an amino group and an alcohol group
- C.
Are the structural units of proteins
- D.
A and C
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Are the structural units of proteinsExplanation
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, connected by peptide bonds. Each amino acid has a unique side chain, which gives it specific properties and allows it to interact with other molecules. Therefore, option C, "are the structural units of proteins," is the correct answer as it accurately describes the role of amino acids in the formation of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 31.
"R" groups can be classified as:
- A.
Polar charged
- B.
Polar uncharged
- C.
Nonpolar
- D.
R groups with unique properties
- E.
All of the Above
Correct Answer
E. All of the AboveExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the Above" because "R" groups can indeed be classified into all of the mentioned categories. Some "R" groups can be polar charged, meaning they have a charge and are attracted to water molecules. Some "R" groups can be polar uncharged, meaning they do not have a charge but are still attracted to water molecules. Some "R" groups can be nonpolar, meaning they do not have a charge and are not attracted to water molecules. Additionally, there may be "R" groups with unique properties that do not fall into any of the other categories.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The Primary stucture of a protien is determined by...
- A.
The sequence of nucleic acids in a polypeptide
- B.
The secondary structure
- C.
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
- D.
A and C
- E.
A and B
Correct Answer
C. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptideExplanation
The primary structure of a protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. This refers to the specific order in which the amino acids are linked together to form the protein. The primary structure is the most basic level of protein structure and plays a crucial role in determining the protein's overall shape and function. The sequence of nucleic acids in a polypeptide (option A) is incorrect as nucleic acids are involved in DNA and RNA, not proteins. The secondary structure (option B) refers to the local folding patterns of the protein, which are influenced by the primary structure. Therefore, the correct answer is A and C, as both options A and C are referring to the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The secondary structure of a protien results from
- A.
Hydrogen bonding
- B.
Covalent bonding
- C.
Hydrophobic bonds
- D.
The sequence of amino acids
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Hydrogen bondingExplanation
The secondary structure of a protein results from hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen atom of one amino acid and the hydrogen atom of another amino acid in the protein chain. These bonds stabilize the structure and determine the folding pattern of the protein. Covalent bonding refers to the bonds formed between atoms within the amino acids themselves, not between different amino acids. Hydrophobic bonds refer to the interactions between nonpolar amino acids in the protein. The sequence of amino acids is responsible for the primary structure of the protein, not the secondary structure.Rate this question:
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- 34.
What are the two secondary structures that amino acids form?
- A.
Alpha-helix and beta pleated sheets
- B.
Alpha pleated sheets and beta-helix
- C.
Alpha-helix and gamma pleated sheets
- D.
Alpha pleated sheets and gamma helix
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. AlpHa-helix and beta pleated sheetsExplanation
Amino acids can form two common secondary structures: alpha-helix and beta pleated sheets. In an alpha-helix, the polypeptide chain coils into a spiral shape, stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the amino acids. In a beta pleated sheet, the polypeptide chain folds back and forth, forming a sheet-like structure, also stabilized by hydrogen bonds. These secondary structures play a crucial role in determining the overall shape and function of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Tertiary structure is related to
- A.
The way the secondary structure is orriented
- B.
The way the primary structure is orriented
- C.
The way the Quaternary structure is orriented
- D.
none of the above
Correct Answer
A. The way the secondary structure is orrientedExplanation
The tertiary structure of a protein refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of its secondary structural elements, such as alpha helices and beta sheets. It is determined by the interactions between amino acid side chains, including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bonds. Therefore, the correct answer is "The way the secondary structure is oriented," as the tertiary structure is directly influenced by the arrangement and orientation of the secondary structural elements.Rate this question:
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