Ch 2 and 3. Campbell Biology.
Potential Energy: Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Element: Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.
Compound: Substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Trace Elements: Elements required by an organism in only minute quantities.
All of the above are true; none are incorrect.
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The number of electrons is unique to an element, thus defining it.
The 3-D space where an electron is found 90% of the time is called a shell.
The s orbital has a sphere shape, and the p orbital has a figure-8 shape.
Each s orbital can hold 2 electrons, while each p orbital can hold 6.
Covalent bonds and ionic bonds are weak chemical bonds.
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Name (molecular formula)
Electron-shell diagram
Structural formula
Space filling model
All of the above
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Cation: negatively charged ion.
Anion: positively charged ion
Ion: charged atom or molecule
A and B
None of the above are incorrect.
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Hydrogen bond: forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to an electropositive atom (eg. Oxygen, Nitrogen)
Van der Waals interactions are weak and only occur when atoms/molecules are very close together.
Cohesion: attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Polar molecule: opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges. (eg. water is a polar molecule)
Adhesion: attraction between molecules of different substances.
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Atoms and molecules have kinetic energy because they are always randomly moving.
Ice is denser than water.
Aqueous solution: a solution where water is the solvent.
Solvent: dissolving agent of a solution.
Solute: substance that is dissolved.
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Hydrophobic = "water hating" & Hydrophilli =: "water loving"
Molar mass = Molecular Mass
1 mole = 6.02 x 10^23 "objects"
Molarity = number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
None of the above are incorrect.
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Hydrogen ion has a positive charge of +1
Hydroxide ion has a negative charge of -1
[H+][OH-} = 10^-14
PH = log [H+]
Pure water has a pH of 7, and is when [H+] = [OH-]
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