1.
Genes:
Correct Answer
B. The hereditary information contained in the DNA of chromosomes that is passed on from each parent from a particular characteristic.
Explanation
The answer accurately describes genes as the hereditary information contained in the DNA of chromosomes that is passed on from each parent for a particular characteristic. Genes are responsible for determining traits such as eye color, and they are inherited from both parents.
2.
Alleles:
Correct Answer
B. The particular variants of a gene. One parent's allele may code for blue eyes, while the other may code for green eyes
Explanation
The correct answer is "The particular variants of a gene. One parent's allele may code for blue eyes, while the other may code for green eyes." This answer accurately describes alleles as the different forms or variants of a gene that can exist. It also provides an example of how alleles can determine specific traits, such as eye color, where one parent may have an allele for blue eyes and the other parent may have an allele for green eyes.
3.
Homozygous:
Correct Answer
C. Individual with identical alleles
Explanation
The term "homozygous" refers to an individual who has identical alleles for a particular gene. In this context, "PP" or "Pp" represents the two possible genotypes for the gene, where "P" is the allele in question. When an individual is homozygous, it means they have two copies of the same allele, either "PP" or "pp". This is in contrast to being heterozygous, where an individual has two different alleles for the gene. Therefore, the correct answer is "Individual with identical alleles".
4.
Heterozygous:
Correct Answer
C. Individual with alternate alleles
Explanation
Heterozygous refers to an individual who has two different alleles for a particular gene. In this case, the correct answer states that heterozygous individuals have alternate alleles. This means that they have one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a specific trait. The dominant allele is always expressed, while the recessive allele is only expressed if there are two copies of it (homozygous recessive). Therefore, the answer accurately describes the concept of heterozygosity and the presence of alternate alleles in an individual.
5.
Dominant allele:
Correct Answer
A. When this allele is present, it is always expressed. (PP or Pp)
Explanation
The dominant allele is always expressed because it masks the presence of any recessive allele. In this case, individuals with either two copies of the dominant allele (PP) or one copy of the dominant allele and one copy of the recessive allele (Pp) will show the dominant trait. Only individuals with two copies of the recessive allele (pp) will display the recessive trait.
6.
Recessive Allele:
Correct Answer
C. Both copies of this allele must be present to be expressed( pp lower case represents the recessive allele)
Explanation
The correct answer explains that for the recessive allele to be expressed, both copies of the allele must be present. This is indicated by the lowercase letters "pp" representing the recessive allele.
7.
Humans have how many gene that make up our protein?
Correct Answer
B. 20,000
Explanation
Humans have approximately 20,000 genes that make up our proteins. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins, which are essential molecules for the structure and function of our bodies. Each gene carries the code for a specific protein, and variations in these genes can lead to differences in traits and susceptibility to diseases. The estimated number of genes in the human genome has decreased over time as more research has been done, and it is now believed that humans have around 20,000 protein-coding genes.
8.
Homo means:
Correct Answer
B. Alike- same
Explanation
The correct answer is "Alike- same". The term "homo" is derived from the Greek word "homos," which means "same" or "alike." It is often used as a prefix in scientific terms to indicate similarity or sameness, such as in the words "homogeneous" or "homologous." Therefore, "alike- same" is the most appropriate explanation for the meaning of "homo."
9.
True Breeders:
Correct Answer
B. Individuals who inherit homozygous alleles(PP,pp)
Explanation
The answer states that "Individuals who inherit homozygous alleles (PP,pp)" are true breeders. This means that if an individual inherits two copies of the same allele for a particular trait (either two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles), they are considered true breeders. This is because they will always pass on the same allele to their offspring, ensuring that the trait will be consistently expressed in future generations.
10.
Test cross:
Correct Answer
B. Method to determine if an individual with a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous.
Explanation
The test cross is a method used to determine if an individual with a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous. In this method, the individual with the dominant trait is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. If the individual with the dominant trait is homozygous, then all the offspring will also have the dominant trait. However, if the individual with the dominant trait is heterozygous, then half of the offspring will have the dominant trait and half will have the recessive trait. Therefore, by observing the phenotypes of the offspring, we can determine the genotype of the individual with the dominant trait.
11.
Genotype:
Correct Answer
B. The alleles one inherits P from maternal side and P from paternal side.
Explanation
The given answer correctly explains that a genotype refers to the alleles that an individual inherits for a particular gene. It specifically mentions that one inherits the allele P from the maternal side and the allele P from the paternal side. This explanation accurately describes the concept of genotype and how it relates to the inheritance of alleles from both parents.
12.
Phenotype:
Correct Answer
A. The trait produced by inheritance of alleles for a particular gene(i.e purple flowers. It is what you can see)
Explanation
Phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics of an individual that are determined by the inheritance of alleles for a specific gene. It is what can be seen or observed, such as the color of flowers being purple in this case. The phenotype is the result of the interaction between an individual's genotype (the genetic makeup) and the environment.
13.
Monohybrid:
Correct Answer
C. Individual who has both alternate alleles for a single trait.
Explanation
The correct answer is "individual who has both alternate alleles for a single trait." This is because monohybrid refers to the inheritance of a single trait, and in this case, the individual inherits both alternate alleles for that trait. The statement about inheriting alleles from the maternal and paternal sides is not relevant to the definition of monohybrid.
14.
Dihybrid:
Correct Answer
C. An individual who has both alternate alleles for two traits. ( i.e Pp for color and Rr for round)
Explanation
The term "dihybrid" refers to an individual who possesses both alternate alleles for two different traits. In this case, the individual has the genotype Pp for color and Rr for roundness. This means that they have one dominant allele and one recessive allele for each trait. The term "dihybrid" is specifically used to describe individuals who are heterozygous for two different traits, in contrast to a monohybrid individual who is heterozygous for only one trait.
15.
Mono means how many traits:
Correct Answer
C. 1
Explanation
The term "mono" is a prefix derived from the Greek word "monos," meaning "one" or "single." Therefore, when referring to traits, "mono" indicates the presence of only one trait.
16.
"Di" in dihybrid means
Correct Answer
A. 2 ( Heterozygous for two traits)
Explanation
The term "di" in dihybrid refers to the number two, indicating that the individual is heterozygous for two traits. This means that the individual carries two different alleles for each of the two traits being considered. In genetics, a dihybrid cross involves studying the inheritance patterns of two different traits simultaneously, and the term dihybrid is used to specifically describe individuals who are heterozygous for both traits.
17.
Hybrid is:
Correct Answer
B. Heterozygous
Explanation
Hybrid refers to an individual or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait. In this context, heterozygous is the correct answer as it means having two different alleles for a specific gene. This is in contrast to homozygous, which means having two identical alleles, and dominate, which is unrelated to the concept of hybridization.
18.
What is the Punnet square?
Correct Answer
B. It is used to diagram the probability of offspring inheriting a particular allele.
Explanation
The Punnet square is a diagram that is used to determine the probability of offspring inheriting a particular allele. It helps to visualize the possible combinations of alleles that can be passed down from parents to their offspring. By using the Punnet square, one can understand the likelihood of certain traits or genetic characteristics being expressed in the next generation.
19.
Mendel's Law of Segregation is:
Correct Answer(s)
A. It states that a sperm or egg caries only one allele for each inherited character because chromosomes carrying allele pairs segregate during gamete formation
B. The law that deals with the inheritance of a single character( eye color).
Explanation
Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, chromosomes carrying allele pairs segregate, resulting in sperm or egg cells carrying only one allele for each inherited character. This law specifically deals with the inheritance of a single character, such as eye color. It explains that sex cells only contain one allele for a particular trait.
20.
How many alleles do sex cells contain?
Correct Answer
C. 1
Explanation
Sex cells, also known as gametes, contain only one allele for each gene. This is because gametes are haploid cells, meaning they only have one copy of each chromosome. During fertilization, when two gametes combine, the resulting zygote becomes diploid, with two copies of each gene. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.
21.
Do alleles always come in pairs?
Correct Answer
A. Yes
Explanation
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position on a chromosome. They are inherited in pairs, with one allele coming from each parent. This is because humans have two copies of each chromosome (except for sex chromosomes in males). Therefore, alleles always come in pairs, with one allele on each chromosome.
22.
Mendel's law of independent assortment is:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Each pair of chromosomes carrying alleles segregate independently or other pairs of chromosomes carrying alleles during gamete formation.
B. Genes located on different chromosome are inherited independently of one another
Explanation
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that each pair of chromosomes carrying alleles segregate independently during gamete formation. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. Additionally, genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of one another, meaning that the presence or absence of a gene on one chromosome does not affect the inheritance of a gene on another chromosome. This law helps explain the variation observed in offspring and is a fundamental principle in genetics.
23.
Die hybrid cross punnit square has how many boxes?
Correct Answer
C. 16
Explanation
The hybrid cross punnet square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible outcomes of a cross between two organisms. It is a grid with boxes that represent the different combinations of alleles from the parents. In this case, the correct answer is 16 because the punnet square for a hybrid cross typically consists of 4 rows and 4 columns, resulting in a total of 16 boxes. Each box represents a possible genotype combination that can occur in the offspring.
24.
Test cross is how geneticist distinguish genotype?
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A test cross is a breeding experiment used by geneticists to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. It involves crossing the individual in question with a known homozygous recessive individual. If any of the offspring display the recessive trait, it indicates that the individual being tested is heterozygous. If all the offspring display the dominant trait, it indicates that the individual being tested is homozygous dominant. Therefore, a test cross is indeed a method used by geneticists to distinguish genotype.
25.
A Blood type is:
Correct Answer
B. I^ I^ 40% of population
Explanation
The given answer states that the blood type I^ I^ is present in 40% of the population. This suggests that the blood type I^ I^ is relatively common among people.
26.
"B" blood type is:
Correct Answer
B. I^B I^B
Explanation
The correct answer is "I^B I^B" because the given information states that "B" blood type is the absence of A and B factors. The presence of I^B I^B indicates the presence of the B factor, which is consistent with the "B" blood type.
27.
AB is rare. (I^I^B)
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given statement "AB is rare" suggests that the combination of A and B is not commonly found. The expression (I^I^B) implies that both A and B are required for the statement to be true. Since the answer is "True," it indicates that the combination of A and B is indeed rare.
28.
An antigen is?
Correct Answer
B. Foreign substance to our bodies
Explanation
An antigen is a foreign substance that enters our bodies and triggers an immune response. It can be a virus, bacteria, or any other foreign material that our immune system recognizes as "non-self" and tries to eliminate. Antigens stimulate the production of antibodies, which are proteins that specifically target and neutralize the antigens. This immune response is crucial in protecting our bodies from infections and diseases caused by these foreign substances.
29.
Incomplete dominance is:
Correct Answer
A. Hetrozygote has intermediate pHenotype of the dominant and recessive alleles.( C^RC^w) so it would be red and round
30.
Hypercholestrerolemia is:
Correct Answer
B. Your body cannot break down cholesterol
Explanation
Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood. The correct answer states that in hypercholesterolemia, the body cannot break down cholesterol. This means that individuals with this condition have difficulty metabolizing or eliminating cholesterol from their body, leading to an accumulation of cholesterol in the bloodstream. This can increase the risk of developing heart disease and other cardiovascular complications.
31.
If your blood type is Positive you can get what blood types?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Positive
C. Negative
Explanation
If your blood type is Positive, you can receive blood from individuals with the same blood type (Positive) as well as individuals with the Negative blood type. This is because individuals with the Positive blood type have a specific antigen on their red blood cells that allows them to receive blood from both Positive and Negative blood types. However, individuals with the Positive blood type cannot receive blood from individuals with the O negative blood type, as O negative blood does not have the specific antigen that is present in the Positive blood type.
32.
If your blood type is negative you can get what blood types?
Correct Answer
B. Negative
Explanation
If your blood type is negative, you can receive blood from individuals who have the same negative blood type as you, as well as individuals with blood type O. This is because individuals with blood type O are considered universal donors, meaning their blood can be safely transfused to individuals with any blood type. However, individuals with positive blood types cannot donate blood to individuals with negative blood types, as the presence of the Rh factor in positive blood types can cause an adverse reaction in individuals with negative blood types. Therefore, the correct answer is negative.
33.
O-negative is what the blood bank wants ultimately?
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement suggests that O-negative blood is the desired blood type for the blood bank. O-negative blood is often referred to as the universal donor blood type because it can be given to patients of any blood type. This makes it highly valuable and in high demand, as it can be used in emergency situations when the recipient's blood type is unknown. Therefore, it can be concluded that the blood bank ultimately wants O-negative blood.
34.
RH factor comes from:
Correct Answer
B. Resses monkeys
Explanation
The RH factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. It is named after the Rhesus monkey, as it was first discovered in their blood. Therefore, the correct answer is Rhesus monkeys.
35.
RH positive is dominate or recessive?
Correct Answer
A. Dominate(homozygous)
Explanation
The correct answer is "Dominant (homozygous)". This means that the RH positive trait is dominant and will be expressed even if only one copy of the gene is present in an individual's genotype. In this case, the individual is homozygous for the dominant allele, meaning they have two copies of the dominant gene.
36.
RH negative means?
Correct Answer
A. RH is not present in your blood and it is recessive(rr)
Explanation
RH negative means that the RH antigen is not present in your blood and it is recessive. This means that if both parents are RH negative, their child will also be RH negative. If one parent is RH negative and the other is RH positive, there is a possibility that the child could be RH positive.
37.
Pleitropic effect is?
Correct Answer
A. One allele affects many traits
Explanation
The term "pleiotropic effect" refers to a situation where a single allele, or gene variant, has an impact on multiple traits or characteristics in an organism. This means that the expression of this allele can lead to various effects or changes in different parts or systems of the organism. In other words, the allele has a broad influence on the phenotype of the organism, affecting multiple aspects of its biology.
38.
Polygenic inheritance is:
Correct Answer
B. Multiple genes are responsible for one trait
Explanation
Polygenic inheritance refers to the phenomenon where multiple genes contribute to the expression of a single trait. Unlike monogenic inheritance, where a single gene determines a trait, polygenic inheritance involves the interaction of multiple genes. Each gene may have a small effect on the trait individually, but their combined influence leads to a continuous variation in the trait. This type of inheritance is commonly observed in complex traits such as height, skin color, and intelligence, where multiple genes work together to shape the phenotype.
39.
Does heat and light from the environment affect skin or fur pigment?
Correct Answer
A. Yes
Explanation
Heat and light from the environment can indeed affect skin or fur pigment. Exposure to sunlight, for example, can cause the skin to produce more melanin, resulting in a darker complexion. Similarly, ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause the fur of certain animals to lighten or change color. These effects occur due to the activation or suppression of pigment-producing cells in response to environmental factors. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that heat and light from the environment can impact skin or fur pigment.
40.
Chromosome Theory of inheritance is:
Correct Answer
A. Inherit chromosome from our parents, during meiosis and fertilization account for inheritance patterns.
Explanation
The correct answer explains that the Chromosome Theory of inheritance states that we inherit chromosomes from our parents, and that the process of meiosis and fertilization account for inheritance patterns. It also mentions that genes on the same chromosomes are linked. However, the last statement "Occurs in proface meiosis !" seems to be incomplete and unclear.
41.
Linked genes:
Correct Answer
C. Different genes on the same chromosome. They are located on the the same chromosome.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Different genes on the same chromosome. They are located on the same chromosome." This answer accurately describes linked genes, which are genes that are located close together on the same chromosome. Because they are physically close, they are more likely to be inherited together and do not assort independently during meiosis. This can result in the inheritance of certain traits together more frequently than would be expected if they were on different chromosomes.
42.
Crossing-over produces?
Correct Answer
A. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes produces new combination of alleles. It occurs in propHase in meiosis 1.
Explanation
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes is a process that occurs during prophase in meiosis 1. This process leads to the exchange of genetic material between the chromosomes, resulting in the creation of new combinations of alleles. These new combinations contribute to genetic diversity and variation within a population. The statement that crossing over often differs between females and males is not directly related to the explanation of crossing over itself, so it can be disregarded. Additionally, the statement about sex determination by sperm is unrelated to crossing over and can also be disregarded.
43.
Sex chromosomes are:
Correct Answer
A. Often differ between females and male. The sex is determined by the sperm
Explanation
Sex chromosomes often differ between females and males. This means that the pair of sex chromosomes in females is typically XX, while in males it is XY. The sex of an individual is determined by the sperm, which carries either an X or a Y chromosome. This is why females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome. Additionally, the statement also suggests that males are more predisposed to inheriting bad alleles, although it does not provide further explanation or context for this claim.
44.
Hemophilia is:
Correct Answer
A. When there is evidence your blood does not clot
Explanation
Hemophilia is a condition where there is evidence that your blood does not clot. This means that the blood lacks certain proteins, called clotting factors, which are necessary for the blood to form clots and stop bleeding. As a result, individuals with hemophilia may experience prolonged bleeding, both internally and externally, even from minor injuries. This condition is usually inherited and can vary in severity, with some individuals having mild symptoms while others may have more severe bleeding episodes.