Metabolism And Enzymes Trivia Questions! Biology Quiz
There are a lot of processes that take place in living things, and these processes take place at a low or increased rate. For metabolism to take place, there have to be some enzymes involved. Take up the quiz below and get to see just how much you know about the connection between metabolism and enzymes from your biology class.
- 1.
Which of the following describe(s) some aspect of metabolism?
- A.
Synthesis of macromolecules
- B.
Breakdown of macromolecules
- C.
Control of enzyme activity
- D.
A and B only
- E.
A, B, and C
Correct Answer
E. A, B, and CExplanation
The correct answer is A, B, and C. This is because all three options describe different aspects of metabolism. The synthesis of macromolecules refers to the building of large molecules from smaller units, which is a key process in metabolism. The breakdown of macromolecules refers to the opposite process, where large molecules are broken down into smaller units to release energy or recycle components. Lastly, the control of enzyme activity is crucial in regulating metabolic processes, as enzymes are the catalysts that drive these reactions. Therefore, all three options are valid descriptions of aspects of metabolism.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down larege molecules into smaller ones?
- A.
Catalysis
- B.
Metabolism
- C.
Anabolism
- D.
Dehydration
- E.
Catabolism
Correct Answer
E. CatabolismExplanation
Catabolism is the correct answer because it refers to the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones. This process involves the release of energy and the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, which can then be used for various metabolic processes in the cell. Catalysis, metabolism, anabolism, and dehydration are all related to cellular processes, but they do not specifically describe the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones like catabolism does.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following statements correctly describe(s) catabolic pathways?
- A.
They do not depend on enzymes.
- B.
They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
- C.
They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.
- D.
They lead to the synthesis of catabolic pathways.
- E.
Both A and B
Correct Answer
C. They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.Explanation
Catabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, such as polymers into monomers. This process releases energy, which can be used by the cell for various metabolic activities. Enzymes play a crucial role in catalyzing these reactions, so the statement that catabolic pathways do not depend on enzymes is incorrect. Option C accurately describes catabolic pathways by highlighting their energy-releasing nature during the degradation of polymers to monomers.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
- A.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
- B.
The entropy of the universe is decreasing.
- C.
The entropy of the universe is constant.
- D.
Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter.
- E.
Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.
Correct Answer
A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.Explanation
The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, 1 only transferred or transformed from one form to another. This means that the total amount of energy 2 in an isolated system remains constant over time.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the
- A.
Free energy of the system.
- B.
Free energy of the universe.
- C.
Entropy of the system.
- D.
Entropy of the universe.
- E.
Enthalpy of the universe.
Correct Answer
D. Entropy of the universe.Explanation
Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the entropy of the universe. This is due to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system will always increase over time. Energy transformations involve the conversion of energy from one form to another, and this process leads to an overall increase in the disorder or randomness of the universe. Therefore, the correct answer is entropy of the universe.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following forms of energy is least available to accomplish cellular work?
- A.
Light energy
- B.
Electrical energy
- C.
Thermal energy (heat)
- D.
Mechanical energy
- E.
Potential energy
Correct Answer
C. Thermal energy (heat)Explanation
Thermal energy (heat) is least available to accomplish cellular work because it is the lowest grade of energy and is often lost as waste during energy conversions. Cells require high-quality energy, such as chemical energy in the form of ATP, to perform work. While other forms of energy listed, such as light energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy, and potential energy, can be converted into usable energy for cellular work, thermal energy is less useful and more difficult to harness for cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the change in free energy of a system at chemical equilibrium?
- A.
Slightly increasing
- B.
Greatly increasing
- C.
Slightly decreasing
- D.
Greatly decreasing
- E.
No net change
Correct Answer
E. No net changeExplanation
At chemical equilibrium, the forward and backward reactions occur at equal rates, resulting in a balance between the reactants and products. This means that the system is in a stable state, and there is no tendency for the reaction to proceed in any particular direction. The change in free energy, which is a measure of the system's ability to do work, is therefore zero. Thus, there is no net change in free energy at chemical equilibrium.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as
- A.
Endergonic.
- B.
Endothermic.
- C.
Enthalpic.
- D.
Spontaneous.
- E.
Exothermic.
Correct Answer
A. Endergonic.Explanation
A chemical reaction with a positive ΔG indicates that the reaction requires an input of energy in order to proceed. This means that the products of the reaction have higher energy than the reactants. The term "endergonic" describes such reactions, where energy is absorbed or taken in. This is in contrast to exergonic reactions, which release energy. Therefore, the correct answer is endergonic.Rate this question:
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- 9.
ATP generally energizes a cellular process by
- A.
Releasing heat upon hydrolysis.
- B.
Acting as a catalyst.
- C.
Coupling free energy released by ATP hydrolosis to free energy needed by other reactions.
- D.
Breaking a high-energy bond.
- E.
Binding directly to the substrate(s) of the enzyme.
Correct Answer
C. Coupling free energy released by ATP hydrolosis to free energy needed by other reactions.Explanation
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and releases energy in cells. It does so by undergoing hydrolysis, where one of its phosphate groups is cleaved off, releasing a significant amount of energy. This released energy is then used to drive other cellular reactions that require energy to occur. Therefore, the correct answer states that ATP couples the free energy released during its hydrolysis to provide the energy needed by other reactions in the cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways?
- A.
Feedback regulation
- B.
Bioenergetics
- C.
Energy coupling
- D.
Entropy
- E.
Cooperativity
Correct Answer
C. Energy couplingExplanation
Energy coupling is the term used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways. In cellular metabolism, catabolic pathways break down molecules and release energy, while anabolic pathways build molecules and require energy. Energy coupling allows the energy released from catabolic reactions to be used to drive anabolic reactions. This process ensures that the energy released from the breakdown of molecules is efficiently utilized for the synthesis of new molecules, maintaining the overall energy balance in the cell.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. The hydrolosys of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase results in
- A.
Bringing glucose and fructose together to form sucrose.
- B.
The release of water from sucrose as the bond between glucose and fructose is broken.
- C.
Breaking the bond between glucose and fructose and forming new bonds from the atoms of water.
- D.
Production of water from the sugar as bonds are broken between the glucose monomers.
- E.
Utilization of water as a covalent bond is formed between glucose and fructose to form sucrase.
Correct Answer
C. Breaking the bond between glucose and fructose and forming new bonds from the atoms of water.Explanation
Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose. When sucrase enzyme hydrolyzes sucrose, it breaks the bond between glucose and fructose. This process requires the addition of water molecules, which then react with the broken bond to form new bonds. In other words, the hydrolysis of sucrose results in breaking the bond between glucose and fructose and forming new bonds using water molecules.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's
- A.
Entropy.
- B.
Activation energy.
- C.
Endothermic level.
- D.
Heat content.
- E.
Free-energy content.
Correct Answer
B. Activation energy.Explanation
In a chemical reaction, reactants need to overcome a thermodynamic barrier called activation energy in order to form products. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur. It acts as a barrier that reactant molecules must surpass in order to reach the transition state and form products. Once the activation energy is overcome, the reaction can proceed and products can be formed. Entropy, endothermic level, heat content, and free-energy content are not directly related to the barrier that reactants need to overcome in a chemical reaction.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
- A.
Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction.
- B.
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.
- C.
Enzymes change the direction of chemical reactions.
- D.
Enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze.
- E.
Enzymes prevent changes in substrate concentrations.
Correct Answer
B. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.Explanation
Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They do not change the free energy change or the direction of the reaction. Enzymes themselves are not permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze and can be reused. However, they do not prevent changes in substrate concentrations.Rate this question:
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- 14.
An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by
- A.
Supplying the energy needed to speed up a reaction.
- B.
Lowering the energy of activation of a reaction.
- C.
Lowering the ΔG of a reaction.
- D.
Changing the equilibrium of a spontaneous reaction.
- E.
Increasing the amount of free energy of a reaction.
Correct Answer
B. Lowering the energy of activation of a reaction.Explanation
Enzymes act as catalysts in biological reactions by lowering the energy of activation. The energy of activation is the energy required for a reaction to occur. By lowering this energy barrier, enzymes enable the reaction to proceed more quickly. This is achieved by binding to the reactants and stabilizing the transition state, making it easier for the reaction to take place. Enzymes do not supply energy or change the equilibrium or free energy of a reaction, but rather facilitate the reaction by reducing the energy barrier.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The active site of an enzyme is the region that
- A.
Binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme.
- B.
Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.
- C.
Binds the products of the catalytic reaction.
- D.
Is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor.
- E.
Both A and B
Correct Answer
B. Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.Explanation
The active site of an enzyme is the region that is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme. This means that the active site is where the enzyme binds to its substrate and facilitates the chemical reaction to occur. It provides a specific environment for the reaction to take place, such as the appropriate pH or temperature. The active site also plays a crucial role in stabilizing the transition state of the reaction, lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. Therefore, the active site is directly involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Many different things can alter enzyme activity. Which of the following underlie all types of enzyme regulation?
- A.
Changes in the activation energy of the reaction
- B.
Changes in the active site of the enzyme
- C.
Changes in the free energy of the reaction
- D.
A and B only
- E.
A, B, and C
Correct Answer
D. A and B onlyExplanation
Enzyme activity can be altered by changes in the activation energy of the reaction and changes in the active site of the enzyme. Activation energy refers to the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, and any changes in this energy can affect the rate of the reaction. The active site of an enzyme is the region where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. Any changes in the active site, such as alterations in its shape or conformation, can impact the enzyme's ability to catalyze the reaction. Therefore, both changes in activation energy and active site are important factors in regulating enzyme activity.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which curve was most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acid?
- A.
Curve 1
- B.
Curve 2
- C.
Curve 3
- D.
Curve 4
- E.
Curve 5
Correct Answer
D. Curve 4Explanation
Curve 4 is most likely generated from the analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acid because it shows the highest activity at a low pH. Enzymes that function in acidic environments, such as the stomach, are adapted to work optimally under these conditions. Therefore, the enzyme's activity would be highest at a low pH, as shown by the steep increase in curve 4. Curves 1, 2, 3, and 5 do not exhibit the same level of activity at low pH, making curve 4 the most likely choice.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which curve was most likely generated from an enzyme that requires a cofactor?
- A.
Curve 1
- B.
Curve 2
- C.
Curve 4
- D.
Curve 5
- E.
It is not possible to determine whether an enzyme requires a cofactor from these data.
Correct Answer
E. It is not possible to determine whether an enzyme requires a cofactor from these data.Explanation
The question asks which curve is most likely generated from an enzyme that requires a cofactor. However, the given data does not provide any information about the presence or absence of a cofactor. Therefore, it is not possible to determine whether an enzyme requires a cofactor from these data.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is a nonprotein "helper" of an enzyme molecule called?
- A.
Accessory enzyme
- B.
Allosteric group
- C.
Coenzyme
- D.
Functional group
- E.
Enzyme activator
Correct Answer
C. CoenzymeExplanation
A nonprotein "helper" of an enzyme molecule is called a coenzyme. Coenzymes are small organic molecules that bind to enzymes and assist in the catalytic process. They are essential for the proper functioning of many enzymes and act as carriers of chemical groups or electrons during reactions. Coenzymes often work together with enzymes to facilitate specific biochemical reactions in the cell.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely functions as a(n)
- A.
Competitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
- B.
Noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
- C.
Allosteric activator of the enzyme.
- D.
Cofactor necessary for enzyme activity.
- E.
Coenzyme derived from a vitamin.
Correct Answer
D. Cofactor necessary for enzyme activity.Explanation
Zinc is known to be a cofactor for many enzymes, including carboxypeptidase. Cofactors are non-protein molecules that are required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. In the case of carboxypeptidase, zinc is present in the enzyme's active site, indicating that it plays a crucial role in the enzyme's activity. Therefore, zinc is a cofactor necessary for the activity of carboxypeptidase, making the given answer correct.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following terms best describes the reaction?
- A.
Endergonic
- B.
Exergonic
- C.
Anabolic
- D.
Allosteric
- E.
Nonspontaneous
Correct Answer
B. ExergonicExplanation
Exergonic is the best term to describe the reaction because it refers to a reaction that releases energy. In an exergonic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants, and the excess energy is released as heat or used to do work. This is the opposite of an endergonic reaction, where energy is required to drive the reaction forward. Anabolic, allosteric, and nonspontaneous do not accurately describe the reaction in question.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following would be the same in an enzyme-catalyzed or noncatalyzed reaction?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
D. DExplanation
In an enzyme-catalyzed or noncatalyzed reaction, the concentration of the reactants and products would be the same. This is because the presence or absence of an enzyme does not affect the stoichiometry of the reaction. The enzyme only speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy, but it does not change the final concentrations of the reactants and products. Therefore, the concentration of the reactants and products would be the same in both cases.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X→Y→Z→A Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. What is substance X?
- A.
A coenzyme
- B.
An allosteric inhibitor
- C.
A substrate
- D.
An intermediate
- E.
The product
Correct Answer
C. A substrateExplanation
Substance X is a substrate. In the given reaction, X is converted to Y by an enzyme. The fact that Product A binds to the enzyme at a position remote from its active site and decreases its activity suggests that Product A is an allosteric inhibitor. This indicates that Product A is not X itself, but rather a different molecule that binds to the enzyme. Therefore, X must be the substrate that is converted to Y by the enzyme.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X→Y→Z→A Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. Substance A functions as
- A.
A coenzyme.
- B.
An allosteric inhibitor.
- C.
The substrate.
- D.
An intermediate.
- E.
A competitive inhibitor.
Correct Answer
B. An allosteric inhibitor.Explanation
In this scenario, Substance A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position away from its active site. This binding causes a decrease in the enzyme's activity. This behavior is characteristic of an allosteric inhibitor, which regulates enzyme activity by binding to a site other than the active site. Therefore, the correct answer is that Substance A functions as an allosteric inhibitor.Rate this question:
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- 25.
If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrates and products are in equilibrium, what would occur?
- A.
Additional product would be formed.
- B.
Additional substrate would be formed.
- C.
The reaction would change from endergonic to exergonic.
- D.
The free energy of the system would change.
- E.
Nothing; the reaction would stay at equilibrium.
Correct Answer
E. Nothing; the reaction would stay at equilibrium.Explanation
When an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrates and products are in equilibrium, the enzyme will not affect the equilibrium of the reaction. Enzymes are catalysts that speed up the rate of a reaction, but they do not alter the equilibrium position. The enzyme will increase the rate at which the reaction reaches equilibrium, but it will not cause any additional substrate or product to be formed. Therefore, the reaction will remain at equilibrium and there will be no change in the free energy of the system.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
- A.
They are able to maintain a cooler internal temperature.
- B.
High temperatures make catalysis unnecessary.
- C.
Their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
- D.
Their enzymes are insensitive to temperature.
- E.
They use molecules other than proteins as their man catalysts.
Correct Answer
C. Their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.Explanation
Bacteria in hot springs are able to thrive because their enzymes have high optimal temperatures. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in cells. Most enzymes have an optimal temperature at which they function best. In hot springs, where temperatures can be extremely high, bacteria have evolved enzymes with high optimal temperatures. This allows them to maintain their metabolic activity and carry out essential biochemical reactions even in the extreme heat.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?
- A.
Potentiation
- B.
Cellular respiration
- C.
Digestion
- D.
Anabolism
- E.
Redox
Correct Answer
B. Cellular respirationExplanation
Cellular respiration is the process that converts the chemical energy present in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy that is used to produce ATP molecules. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is essential for the production of ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What limits the resolving power of a light microscope?
- A.
The type of lens used to magnify the object under study
- B.
The shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimen
- C.
The type of lens that focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen
- D.
The type of heavy metal or dye that is used to stain the specimen
- E.
The ratio of an object's image to its real size
Correct Answer
B. The shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimenExplanation
The resolving power of a light microscope is limited by the shortest wavelength of light used to illuminate the specimen. This is because the resolution of a microscope is determined by the ability to distinguish two closely spaced objects as separate entities. According to the Rayleigh criterion, the minimum resolvable distance is directly proportional to the wavelength of light used. Therefore, using a shorter wavelength of light will result in better resolution and higher resolving power.Rate this question:
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- 29.
When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use
- A.
A light microscope.
- B.
A scanning electron microscope.
- C.
A transmission electronic microscope.
- D.
A and C only
- E.
A, B, and C
Correct Answer
C. A transmission electronic microscope.Explanation
Biologists would most likely use a transmission electron microscope when they wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells. This type of microscope uses a beam of electrons to pass through a thin section of a specimen, allowing for high-resolution imaging of the internal structures of cells. A light microscope is not suitable for studying internal ultrastructure as it has lower resolution. A scanning electron microscope is used to study the surface of specimens rather than internal structures. Therefore, the correct answer is a transmission electron microscope.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that
- A.
Light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy.
- B.
Light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy.
- C.
Light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.
- D.
Both A and B
- E.
Both B and C
Correct Answer
C. Light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.Explanation
The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that it allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells. This is because light microscopy uses visible light to illuminate the sample, which does not harm or kill the living cells. In contrast, electron microscopy uses a beam of electrons, which can be damaging to living cells and can only be used on fixed samples. Therefore, light microscopy is preferred when studying biological processes that occur in real-time within living cells.Rate this question:
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