Biology Unit 2 Cells, Photosynthesis, Respiration
Biology unit 2 cells, photosynthesis, respiration
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Two photosystems (photosystem I, photosystem II) play a critical role within this reaction.
- A.
Photosynthesis-light reaction
- B.
Photosynthesis-light independent (dark) reaction
- C.
Osmosis
- D.
Cellular respiration-glycolysis
- E.
Cellular respiration-Kreb's cycle
Correct Answer
A. pHotosynthesis-light reactionExplanation
The correct answer is "Photosynthesis-light reaction." In photosynthesis, the light reaction is the first stage where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and involves the two photosystems, photosystem I and photosystem II. These photosystems work together to absorb light energy, generate high-energy electrons, and produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the subsequent dark reaction of photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 2.
- This reaction involves the splitting of a glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic aci
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
A. Cellular respiration – GlycolysisExplanation
Glycolysis is the initial step of cellular respiration, where a glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen. It is an anaerobic process that produces a small amount of ATP and NADH. The pyruvic acid molecules produced in glycolysis then enter the Krebs cycle, which is the next step in cellular respiration. Therefore, the correct answer is Cellular respiration - Glycolysis.Rate this question:
- 3.
This reaction can also be called the “Calvin cycle”.
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
E. pHotosynthesis – Dark reactionExplanation
The given correct answer is "Photosynthesis - Dark reaction". The dark reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, is a part of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using the energy from ATP and NADPH produced during the light reaction. This process occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts and does not require light directly.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Carbon dioxide is reduced (converted) to molecules such as glucose
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
E. pHotosynthesis – Dark reactionExplanation
During the dark reaction of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is reduced and converted into glucose molecules. This process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light. The dark reaction uses ATP and NADPH produced during the light reaction to convert carbon dioxide into glucose through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This glucose can then be used by the plant for energy or stored as starch. Therefore, the given answer correctly states that carbon dioxide is reduced and converted to molecules such as glucose during the photosynthesis dark reaction.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Can be called “Citric Acid Cycle"
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
B. Cellular respiration – Kreb’s CycleExplanation
The Kreb's Cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle. It is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells during cellular respiration. This cycle plays a crucial role in breaking down glucose and producing energy in the form of ATP. It involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA and the release of carbon dioxide. The Kreb's Cycle is an essential part of aerobic respiration and is responsible for generating the majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration.Rate this question:
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- 6.
This reaction (two reactions) has an electron transport chain
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
C. Cellular respiration – Electron transport chainExplanation
Cellular respiration is a process that occurs in the mitochondria of cells, where glucose is broken down to produce ATP (energy) for the cell. The process involves three main stages: glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain is the final stage of cellular respiration, where electrons from the previous stages are transferred along a series of proteins and enzymes, ultimately leading to the production of ATP. Therefore, the given answer "Cellular respiration - Electron transport chain" is correct as it accurately identifies the stage that involves an electron transport chain.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In this reaction the hydrogens that were originally connected to the carbon skeleton of glucose are pulled away by NAD and FAD
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
C. Cellular respiration – Electron transport chainExplanation
In cellular respiration, specifically in the electron transport chain, the hydrogens that were originally connected to the carbon skeleton of glucose are pulled away by NAD and FAD. This process occurs after glycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle, where glucose is broken down into smaller molecules and converted into ATP. The electron transport chain is the final step in cellular respiration, where the hydrogens are used to create a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. Therefore, the given answer "Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Water is split and oxygen released in this reaction
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
D. pHotosynthesis – Light reactionExplanation
During the light reaction of photosynthesis, water molecules are split through a process called photolysis. This splitting of water releases oxygen as a byproduct. The light reaction occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. This energy is then used in the dark reaction (also known as the Calvin cycle) to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is Photosynthesis - Light reaction.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Can be called the “light independent reaction”.
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
E. pHotosynthesis – Dark reactionExplanation
The dark reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, is a part of photosynthesis that occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. It does not require light directly and is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose. This process is essential for the production of carbohydrates and other organic compounds in plants. Unlike the light reaction, which requires light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, the dark reaction can occur in the absence of light. Therefore, it is often referred to as the "light independent reaction" of photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- E.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
Correct Answer
A. Cellular respiration – GlycolysisExplanation
Glycolysis is the initial step in cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. It does not require oxygen and is therefore considered an anaerobic process. Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration and is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It is the main source of ATP production in anaerobic organisms and also provides the starting material for the Krebs cycle in aerobic organisms.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Cellular respiration – Kreb’s Cycle
- C.
Cellular respiration – Electron transport chain
- D.
Both A and B
- E.
Both B and C
Correct Answer
E. Both B and CExplanation
Both B and C are correct because both the Kreb's Cycle and the Electron transport chain of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria of the cell. The Kreb's Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, while the Electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These two processes are essential for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Takes place in the chloroplast of the cell
- A.
Cellular respiration – Glycolysis
- B.
Photosynthesis – Light reaction
- C.
Photosynthesis – Dark reaction
- D.
Both A and C
- E.
Both B and C
Correct Answer
E. Both B and CExplanation
Both B and C are correct because photosynthesis consists of two main reactions: the light reaction and the dark reaction. The light reaction takes place in the chloroplasts and converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The dark reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, takes place in the chloroplasts as well and uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light reaction to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. Therefore, both B (photosynthesis - light reaction) and C (photosynthesis - dark reaction) occur in the chloroplasts of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The net product of ATP formed in glycolysis
- A.
2 ATP molecules
- B.
32 ATP molecules
- C.
A strand of glucose and PGA
- D.
Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. 2 ATP moleculesExplanation
In glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. During this process, a small amount of ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. Specifically, for each molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP are formed. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 ATP molecules.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The net production of ATP formed in the Kreb’s cycle
Correct Answer
2 molecules
2Explanation
The Kreb's cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells. During this cycle, energy-rich molecules such as ATP are produced. The net production of ATP formed in the Kreb's cycle is 2 molecules. This means that for every round of the Kreb's cycle, 2 molecules of ATP are produced as a result of the chemical reactions.Rate this question:
- 15.
The net production of ATP formed in the electron transport chain
Correct Answer
32 molecules
32Explanation
The net production of ATP formed in the electron transport chain is 32 molecules. This is because each NADH molecule that enters the electron transport chain can produce 3 ATP molecules, while each FADH2 molecule can produce 2 ATP molecules. Since there are a total of 10 NADH molecules and 2 FADH2 molecules produced during cellular respiration, the total ATP production is 32 molecules.Rate this question:
- 16.
The total number of ATP molecules formed from the complete oxidation (respiration) of 1 molecule of glucose
Correct Answer
38Explanation
During the process of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in a series of reactions to release energy. This energy is used to generate ATP molecules, which are the primary source of energy for cells. Each molecule of glucose produces a net gain of 38 ATP molecules through the processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the correct answer is 38.Rate this question:
- 17.
Another name for anaerobic respiration
- A.
Fermentation
- B.
Anaerobiosis
- C.
Anaerobiosis or Fermentation
- D.
Cellular respiration
Correct Answer
C. Anaerobiosis or FermentationExplanation
The correct answer is "Anaerobiosis or Fermentation". Anaerobic respiration refers to the process of producing energy without the presence of oxygen. This can occur through anaerobiosis, which is the ability of an organism to survive and metabolize in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is another name for anaerobic respiration, where organic compounds are broken down to produce energy in the absence of oxygen. Therefore, both terms can be used interchangeably to describe anaerobic respiration.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The capacity to do work
Correct Answer
energyExplanation
The term "capacity to do work" is often used to describe energy. Energy is the ability or capacity of a system to perform work or produce a change. It can exist in various forms such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, etc. Therefore, energy is the correct answer that aligns with the given description.Rate this question:
- 19.
Stored energy
Correct Answer
potential
potential energyExplanation
The correct answer is "potential" and "potential energy". Potential energy is the stored energy that an object possesses due to its position or condition. It is the energy that an object has the potential to release and convert into other forms of energy. The term "potential" is often used as a shorthand for potential energy. Therefore, both "potential" and "potential energy" are correct terms to describe the stored energy in this context.Rate this question:
- 20.
The energy of motion
Correct Answer
kinetic energy
kineticExplanation
The given answer "kinetic energy, kinetic" is correct because kinetic energy refers to the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It is the energy that an object possesses as a result of its velocity. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the square of its velocity. Therefore, the answer accurately identifies the concept of energy associated with motion.Rate this question:
- 21.
The sum of all chemical reactions taking place in the cell.
- A.
Kinetics
- B.
Cellular energy
- C.
Cell metabolism
- D.
Metabolic cell rate
Correct Answer
C. Cell metabolismExplanation
Cell metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical reactions taking place in the cell. It includes both catabolic reactions (breaking down molecules to release energy) and anabolic reactions (building up molecules using energy). This process is essential for maintaining cellular functions and energy production. Kinetics refers to the study of reaction rates, cellular energy refers to the energy used by the cell, and metabolic cell rate is not a commonly used term in biology. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is cell metabolism.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Another name for the first Law of Thermodynamics that states “energy cannot be created or destroyed, but may be changed in form
- A.
Conservation
- B.
Entropy
Correct Answer
A. ConservationExplanation
The first Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the principle of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another. This means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. Therefore, the term "conservation" accurately describes this law as it emphasizes the preservation and transformation of energy rather than its creation or destruction.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Another name for the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics that states “nature tends toward greater randomness or disorder”.
- A.
Conservation
- B.
Entropy
Correct Answer
B. EntropyExplanation
The correct answer is entropy. Entropy is another name for the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, which states that nature tends towards greater randomness or disorder.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A high energy molecule that cells turn to as an immediate source of energy.
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Metabolic cells
- C.
ATP
- D.
H20
- E.
PGA
Correct Answer
C. ATPExplanation
ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a high energy molecule that cells use as an immediate source of energy. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it provides the energy needed for various cellular processes. When ATP is broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, energy is released, which can be used by the cell to perform work. Therefore, ATP is the correct answer as it fits the description of a high energy molecule that cells turn to for immediate energy.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Chemically all enzymes are lipids.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Enzymes are not lipids. They are actually proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. Lipids, on the other hand, are a class of molecules that include fats, oils, and waxes. While lipids can play a role in enzyme function, enzymes themselves are not lipids. Therefore, the statement that "Chemically all enzymes are lipids" is false.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Chemically all enzymes are proteins
- A.
True (they are all proteins)
- B.
False (only most of them are proteins)
Correct Answer
B. False (only most of them are proteins)Explanation
Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts in various chemical reactions. While it is true that many enzymes are proteins, not all enzymes are proteins. Some enzymes, known as ribozymes, are made up of RNA instead of proteins. These RNA molecules are capable of catalyzing specific reactions, just like protein enzymes. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that chemically all enzymes are proteins, as there are exceptions to this rule.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Enzymes work by increasing the activation energy needed
- A.
True (it increases the activation energy)
- B.
False (it lowers the activation energy)
Correct Answer
B. False (it lowers the activation energy)Explanation
Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. By reducing this energy barrier, enzymes make it easier for the reaction to take place, thus increasing the rate of the reaction. Therefore, the statement "false (it lowers the activation energy)" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the role of enzymes in lowering the activation energy.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Enzymes are very specific in terms of the molecules they act on.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Enzymes are highly specific in terms of the molecules they act on. Each enzyme is designed to catalyze a specific chemical reaction by binding to a specific substrate. This specificity is due to the unique shape and active site of each enzyme, which allows it to interact only with certain molecules that fit into its active site. As a result, enzymes can efficiently carry out their functions without interfering with other reactions or molecules in the cell. Therefore, the statement "Enzymes are very specific in terms of the molecules they act on" is true.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The molecule that an enzyme acts on is known as the substrate.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. They work by binding to specific molecules called substrates and converting them into products. The substrate is the molecule that an enzyme acts on, and it binds to a specific site on the enzyme called the active site. This interaction between the enzyme and substrate allows for the chemical reaction to occur more efficiently. Therefore, the statement that the molecule that an enzyme acts on is known as the substrate is true.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Most modern enzymes end in the suffix –ase
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. The suffix "-ase" is commonly used to denote enzymes because it helps to identify and classify them. This suffix indicates that the molecule is an enzyme and suggests its function in the reaction. Therefore, it is true that most modern enzymes end in the suffix "-ase".Rate this question:
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- 31.
Enzymes generally work best in strong acid environments.
- A.
True (they work best with acids)
- B.
False (they work best near neutral)
Correct Answer
B. False (they work best near neutral)Explanation
Enzymes generally work best near neutral environments because extreme pH levels can denature or alter their structure, affecting their ability to catalyze reactions effectively. While some enzymes may function optimally in slightly acidic or alkaline conditions, the majority of enzymes have an optimal pH range close to neutral. This is because their active sites and the substrates they bind to are most compatible and can interact efficiently at these pH levels.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Enzymes work best at extremely high temperatures
- A.
True (they work best and their action will continue to grow)
- B.
False (they will become denatured at a too high temp)
Correct Answer
B. False (they will become denatured at a too high temp)Explanation
Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. While they do have optimal temperature ranges at which they function most efficiently, extremely high temperatures can cause them to become denatured. Denaturation is the process in which the enzyme's structure is disrupted, leading to a loss of its catalytic activity. Therefore, the statement that enzymes work best at extremely high temperatures is false, as they will become denatured at such temperatures.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Most human enzymes work best at pH levels around 7.0
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Most human enzymes work best at pH levels around 7.0 because this is the pH level of the human body, specifically the blood. Enzymes are biological catalysts that help speed up chemical reactions in the body. They are sensitive to changes in pH levels, and their activity can be affected by extreme acidity or alkalinity. Since the pH level of the human body is around 7.0, it is optimal for the functioning of human enzymes. Deviations from this pH level can lead to denaturation or loss of enzyme activity. Therefore, true is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 34.
the scientist who fist named cells
- A.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
- B.
Theodore Schwann
- C.
Matthias Schleiden
- D.
Robert Hooke
- E.
Darwin
Correct Answer
D. Robert HookeExplanation
Robert Hooke is credited with being the scientist who first named cells. In 1665, he observed thin slices of cork under a microscope and noticed small compartments that resembled the cells of a monastery. He coined the term "cell" to describe these structures. Hooke's discovery and naming of cells laid the foundation for the field of cell biology and revolutionized our understanding of the structure and function of living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 35.
the 2 scientist who developed the "cell theory"
- A.
Darwin and Hooke
- B.
Schleiden and Schwann
- C.
Schwann and Hooke
- D.
Schleiden and Darwin
Correct Answer
B. Schleiden and SchwannExplanation
The correct answer is Schleiden and Schwann. Schleiden and Schwann were two scientists who independently contributed to the development of the cell theory. Matthias Schleiden proposed that all plants are composed of cells, while Theodor Schwann extended this idea to animals, stating that all living organisms are made up of cells. Their combined work laid the foundation for the cell theory, which states that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The name given to the more advanced type of cell from which all other organisms are composed, that have a true nucleus and numerous organelles
Correct Answer
eukaryotes
eukaryote
eukaryoticExplanation
Eukaryotes, eukaryote, and eukaryotic are the correct answers because they all refer to the more advanced type of cell that has a true nucleus and numerous organelles. Eukaryotes are organisms that are composed of eukaryotic cells, which are characterized by their complex internal structure. These cells have a membrane-bound nucleus that houses the genetic material, as well as various organelles that perform specific functions within the cell.Rate this question:
- 37.
The DNA within the nucleus as it appears when the cell is not dividing
- A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Centrioles
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Chromatin
- E.
Nucleolus
Correct Answer
D. ChromatinExplanation
Chromatin refers to the DNA within the nucleus of a cell when it is not dividing. During cell division, the chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes. However, when the cell is not dividing, the chromatin is in a more relaxed state and appears as a diffuse network of fibers within the nucleus. This allows the cell to access and transcribe the genetic information stored in the DNA more easily.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The packaging plant of the cell.
- A.
Pilus
- B.
Cytoskeleton
- C.
Golgi apparatus
- D.
Nuclear membrane (envelope)
- E.
Chromatin
Correct Answer
C. Golgi apparatusExplanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the cell. It receives these molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding sugars or other molecules. The Golgi apparatus then packages these molecules into vesicles and sends them to their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell. Therefore, it can be considered as the packaging plant of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Large, membrane bound storage chambers
- A.
Chromatin
- B.
Golgi apparatus
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Chloroplast
- E.
Vacuoles
Correct Answer
E. VacuolesExplanation
Vacuoles are large, membrane-bound storage chambers found in cells. They play a crucial role in storing various substances such as water, ions, and nutrients. Vacuoles also help maintain the cell's turgor pressure and regulate the pH balance within the cell. They can also store waste products and toxins, protecting the cell from potential harm. In plant cells, vacuoles are particularly important for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell, as well as storing pigments and other molecules. Overall, vacuoles are essential organelles involved in storage and maintenance functions within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The center for cellular respiration, "powerhouse" of the cell
- A.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Cytoskeleton
- C.
Vacuoles
- D.
Cytoplasm
- E.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
E. MitochondriaExplanation
Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. They have their own DNA and are capable of producing their own proteins, which suggests that they were once independent organisms that formed a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria have a double membrane, with the inner membrane being highly folded to increase surface area for ATP production. This unique structure and function make mitochondria essential for the survival and functioning of eukaryotic cells.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The center for photosynthesis
- A.
Cytoskeleton
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Peptidoglycan
- D.
Nuclear membrane (envelope)
- E.
Chloroplast
Correct Answer
E. ChloroplastExplanation
Chloroplasts are the center for photosynthesis in plant cells. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. This energy is then used to produce glucose, which is essential for the plant's growth and survival. Chloroplasts are unique to plant cells and are responsible for the green color of leaves. They are membrane-bound organelles that have their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Protein channels that allow large molecules to move across the nuclear membrane
- A.
Chloroplast
- B.
Flagellum
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Nuclear membrane (envelope)
- E.
Nuclear pores
Correct Answer
E. Nuclear poresExplanation
Nuclear pores are protein channels that allow large molecules to move across the nuclear membrane. These pores are found in the nuclear membrane or envelope and play a crucial role in regulating the transport of molecules such as proteins, RNA, and other macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. They act as gatekeepers, selectively allowing certain molecules to pass through while preventing others from entering or exiting the nucleus. This helps maintain the integrity and functionality of the nucleus by controlling the movement of essential molecules.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Protein fibers that stretch out to grab the chromosomes and separate them during mitosis
- A.
Nuclear pores
- B.
Peptidoglycan
- C.
Cytoplasm
- D.
Golgi apparatus
- E.
Spindle fibers
Correct Answer
E. Spindle fibersExplanation
Spindle fibers are protein fibers that stretch out to grab the chromosomes and separate them during mitosis. They are responsible for ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 44.
These structures are associated with protein synthesis
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Nucleolus
- C.
Golgi apparatus
- D.
Centrioles
- E.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
A. RibosomesExplanation
Ribosomes are correct because they are the primary site for protein synthesis in cells. They are responsible for translating the genetic information from DNA into functional proteins. Ribosomes can be found either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They consist of two subunits, a large and small subunit, which work together to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Proteins that form a support network for the cell
- A.
Centrioles
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Chromatin
- D.
Nucleolus
- E.
Cytoskeleton
Correct Answer
E. CytoskeletonExplanation
The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that provides structural support for the cell. It helps maintain the shape of the cell, allows for cell movement, and assists in the transport of materials within the cell. Centrioles are involved in cell division, ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes, and the nucleolus is involved in the production of ribosomes. While all of these components are important for cellular function, the cytoskeleton specifically forms a support network for the cell.Rate this question:
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- 46.
A long whiplike strand used for locomotion
- A.
Flagellum
- B.
Cilia
- C.
Pilus
- D.
Cytoskeleton
Correct Answer
A. FlagellumExplanation
A flagellum is a long whiplike strand that is used for locomotion. It is a structure found in certain cells, such as bacteria and sperm cells, and helps them move through their environment. Unlike cilia, which are shorter and more numerous, a flagellum is a single, long appendage. It is not a pilus, which is a short, hair-like structure used for attachment or conjugation. The cytoskeleton refers to the network of protein filaments within a cell that provides structural support and helps with cell movement, but it is not specifically a whiplike strand used for locomotion like a flagellum.Rate this question:
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- 47.
A short hairlike strand that can also be used for locomotion
- A.
Cilia
- B.
Cytoplasm
- C.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Peptidoglycan
Correct Answer
A. CiliaExplanation
Cilia are short hairlike strands that can be found on the surface of certain cells. They are capable of moving in a coordinated manner, which allows them to function in locomotion. Cilia are often found in the respiratory tract and reproductive system, where their movement helps to move mucus and propel sperm.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The molecule of which a bacterial cell wall is composed
- A.
Nucleolus
- B.
Peptidoglycan
- C.
Golgi apparatus
- D.
Centrioles
- E.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
B. PeptidoglycanExplanation
The correct answer is peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan is a unique molecule found in the cell walls of bacteria. It is composed of a mesh-like structure made up of alternating sugars and amino acids. This molecule provides strength and rigidity to the bacterial cell wall, helping to protect the cell from bursting due to osmotic pressure. Peptidoglycan is not found in eukaryotic cells, such as those of plants or animals, making it a distinguishing feature of bacterial cell walls.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Kreb’s cycle and electron transport would take place here
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Pilus
- C.
Nucleolus
- D.
Chromatin
- E.
Peptidoglycan
Correct Answer
A. MitochondriaExplanation
The correct answer is mitochondria because Kreb's cycle and electron transport, which are part of cellular respiration, occur in the mitochondria. These processes generate energy in the form of ATP, which is essential for the cell's functioning. The other options mentioned, such as pilus, nucleolus, chromatin, and peptidoglycan, are not directly involved in these processes and are not the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The material that fills the cell
- A.
Lysosomes
- B.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- C.
Flagellum
- D.
Golgi apparatus
- E.
Cytoplasm
Correct Answer
E. CytoplasmExplanation
The cytoplasm is the correct answer because it is the material that fills the cell. It is a gel-like substance that contains various organelles, such as the lysosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and flagellum. The cytoplasm plays a crucial role in supporting the organelles and facilitating various cellular processes.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 28, 2010Quiz Created by
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