GI Intro To GI Histology MCQ Quiz

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  • 1/18 Questions

    A patient presents with recurrent fatty diarrhea, malabsorption, weakness, and anemia for about the last six months. Which part of the gastrointestinal system is most important for digestion and absorption?

    • Oral cavity
    • Esophagus or gullet
    • Stomach
    • Small Intestine
    • Large Intestine
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About This Quiz

Are you ready for this GI intro to GI histology MCQ quiz? If so, attempt the quiz then! The stomach is the first place where food is broken down into molecules that the body can use through digestion. The stomach also begins the process of fighting infection in our body. Take up this Block 6 Gi intro to Gi histology MCs and see how much you can recall. Wish you all the best, and have fun!

GI Intro To GI Histology MCQ Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    A 50-year-old male patient comes to his primary care physician complaining of a chronic burning sensation in his chest. The pain is worse when lying down at night after a meal and can be alleviated to some degree by the use of over-the-counter antacids. The pain experienced by the patient is most likely due to dysfunction of which of the following gastrointestinal structures?

    • Pylorus

    • Lower esophageal sphincter

    • Upper esophageal sphincter

    • Pancreas

    • Colonic enteric nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Lower esophageal sphincter
    Explanation
    The chronic burning sensation in the patient's chest, worsened by lying down at night after a meal and relieved by over-the-counter antacids, suggests gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is responsible for preventing the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. Dysfunction of the LES can lead to the symptoms described by the patient, making it the most likely gastrointestinal structure causing the pain.

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  • 3. 

    A 22-year-old university student, Ms. Smith, complains of pain in the central abdomen. It gradually increased in severity and became localized to the lower right abdomen. She developed nausea and vomiting as well. As the pain increased in intensity, she was brought to the ER, where her temperature was 38 degrees C. What is the probable diagnosis?

    • Acute cholecystitis

    • Acute appendicitis

    • Peptic ulcer

    • Biliary colic

    • Acute pancreatitis

    Correct Answer
    A. Acute appendicitis
    Explanation
    The probable diagnosis for the given scenario is acute appendicitis. The patient's symptoms, such as pain starting in the central abdomen and localizing to the lower right abdomen, along with nausea, vomiting, and increased temperature, are characteristic of appendicitis. Appendicitis refers to the inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch-like organ located in the lower right abdomen. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention to remove the inflamed appendix and prevent complications such as rupture and infection.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following structures is not a characteristic feature of the small intestine?

    • Plicae circulars

    • Microvilli

    • Rugae

    • Villi

    • Peyer's patches

    Correct Answer
    A. Rugae
    Explanation
    Rugae is not a characteristic feature of the small intestine. Rugae are folds or ridges that are typically found in the stomach, not in the small intestine. The small intestine is lined with plicae circulars, which are circular folds that increase the surface area for absorption. It also has microvilli, which are tiny projections on the surface of the intestinal cells that further increase the surface area for absorption. Villi are finger-like projections on the surface of the small intestine that also increase the surface area for absorption. Peyer's patches are lymphoid tissue found in the small intestine that play a role in the immune system.

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  • 5. 

    Parietal cells possess receptors for which of the following hormones?

    • Cholecystokinin

    • Somatostatin

    • Gastrin

    • Secretin

    • Serotonin

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastrin
    Explanation
    Parietal cells possess receptors for gastrin. Gastrin is a hormone that is released by the stomach and plays a role in stimulating the secretion of gastric acid. Parietal cells are responsible for producing and secreting gastric acid, and they have specific receptors that bind to gastrin. This binding of gastrin to the receptors on parietal cells triggers the release of gastric acid, which is important for the digestion of food in the stomach.

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  • 6. 

    In the control of gastric motility, there are several factors that inhibit motility and/or promote relaxation, including duodenal hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK). What is the primary signal for the release of CCK from intestinal cells into the blood?

    • Increased gastric motility

    • Fatty acids in the duodenum

    • Bile acids in the ileum

    • Acid in the duodenum

    • Increased intestinal motility

    Correct Answer
    A. Fatty acids in the duodenum
    Explanation
    Fatty acids in the duodenum are the primary signal for the release of CCK from intestinal cells into the blood. When fatty acids are present in the duodenum, they stimulate the release of CCK, which then acts on the smooth muscle of the stomach to inhibit gastric motility and promote relaxation. This helps to slow down the movement of food through the digestive system, allowing for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following pattern of smooth muscle contraction is characteristic of the stomach and small intestines during a period of fasting?

    • Peristalsis

    • Segmentation

    • Migrating motor complex

    • Mass movement

    Correct Answer
    A. Migrating motor complex
    Explanation
    The migrating motor complex is a pattern of smooth muscle contraction that occurs in the stomach and small intestines during a period of fasting. It is characterized by a series of contractions that sweep through the digestive tract, clearing out any remaining food particles and preventing bacterial overgrowth. This pattern of contraction helps to maintain the health and function of the digestive system during periods of fasting.

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  • 8. 

    A scientist genetically engineers a mouse to lack the hormone secretin. Compared with a normal animal, which of the following would be expected to be increased in the mutant mouse?

    • PH of pancreatic ductular secretion

    • Volume of pancreatic secretion

    • PH of duodenal contents

    • Susceptibility to duodenal erosions and ulcerations

    • Gallbladder contractibility

    Correct Answer
    A. Susceptibility to duodenal erosions and ulcerations
    Explanation
    The hormone secretin is responsible for regulating the pH of pancreatic ductular secretion and the volume of pancreatic secretion. Therefore, if the mouse lacks secretin, it is expected that the pH of pancreatic ductular secretion and the volume of pancreatic secretion would be increased. However, the absence of secretin would not directly affect the pH of duodenal contents or gallbladder contractibility. Additionally, secretin plays a role in protecting the duodenum from erosions and ulcerations. Therefore, without secretin, the mutant mouse would have an increased susceptibility to duodenal erosions and ulcerations.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following statement concerning enteroendocrine cells (EEC) is correct?

    • Paneth cells are a type of EEC

    • EECs in the stomach are derived from surface mucous cells

    • There is no EEC in the duodenum.

    • G cells are EECs and they produce gastrin

    • D cells are EECs and they are found in the gastric pits.

    Correct Answer
    A. G cells are EECs and they produce gastrin
    Explanation
    G cells are enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and they produce gastrin.

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  • 10. 

    As the rate of secretion increases in both the salivary glands and pancreas, which of the following ions is found to increase most?

    • Chloride

    • Potassium

    • Sodium

    • Bicarbonate

    Correct Answer
    A. Bicarbonate
    Explanation
    As the rate of secretion increases in both the salivary glands and pancreas, bicarbonate ions are found to increase the most. Bicarbonate ions are important in maintaining the pH balance in the body. They help neutralize the acidic environment in the digestive system, especially in the stomach. Increased secretion of bicarbonate ions in the salivary glands and pancreas aids in the digestion process by providing an alkaline environment for enzymes to function optimally.

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  • 11. 

    As saliva passes through the striated duct, which of the following changes occurs?

    • Active secretion of Na+

    • Active secretion of water

    • Active secretion of CI¬

    • Active absorption of Na+

    • Active absorption of K+

    Correct Answer
    A. Active absorption of Na+
    Explanation
    As saliva passes through the striated duct, the change that occurs is active absorption of Na+. This means that sodium ions are being actively transported out of the duct and into the surrounding tissue. This process helps to regulate the concentration of sodium in the saliva and maintain the overall balance of ions in the body.

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  • 12. 

    As part of a diagnostic test, a gastroenterologist uses an endoscope to deliver a bolus of dilute acid into the distal esophagus. The bolus is sufficient to cause esophageal dilatation. In a normal individual, the bolus will be cleared from the esophagus predominantly by which of the following?

    • Primary peristalsis

    • Swallowing

    • Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter

    • Receptive relaxation

    • Secondary peristalsis

    • Gravity

    Correct Answer
    A. Secondary peristalsis
    Explanation
    In a normal individual, the bolus of dilute acid in the distal esophagus will be cleared predominantly by secondary peristalsis. Secondary peristalsis is a reflexive contraction of the esophageal muscles that occurs in response to the presence of a bolus or food residue in the esophagus. It helps to propel the bolus further down the esophagus and into the stomach. Primary peristalsis, which is the initial wave of muscular contractions that begins in the upper esophagus, may also contribute to the clearance of the bolus, but secondary peristalsis is the predominant mechanism.

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  • 13. 

    GI Histology Which one of the following statements concerning the histological structures in the fundus/body region of the stomach is correct?

    • Long pits and very short glands are found there.

    • Parietal cells are located mainly at the base of the gastric glands, and chief cells are found primarily in the neck region of the gastric glands.

    • Chief cells produce pepsin.

    • Gastric glands do not contain APUD cells.

    • Villi and crypts are the characteristic features there.

    Correct Answer
    A. Chief cells produce pepsin.
    Explanation
    Chief cells are located primarily in the neck region of the gastric glands and they are responsible for producing pepsinogen, which is the inactive form of pepsin. Pepsinogen is then converted into pepsin by the acidic environment in the stomach. Pepsin is an enzyme that plays a key role in the digestion of proteins. Therefore, the statement "Chief cells produce pepsin" is correct.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following structures cannot be found in the submandibular gland?

    • Mucous acinus

    • Serous acinus

    • Intercalated duct

    • Centroacinar cells

    • Striated duct

    Correct Answer
    A. Centroacinar cells
    Explanation
    Centroacinar cells cannot be found in the submandibular gland. These cells are located in the pancreas and are responsible for producing digestive enzymes. The submandibular gland, on the other hand, contains mucous acini, serous acini, intercalated ducts, and striated ducts.

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  • 15. 

    Which one of the following statements concerning the histological structures in the fundus/body region of the stomach is correct?

    • Long pits and very short glands are found there.

    • Parietal cells are located mainly at the base of the gastric glands, and chief cells are found primarily in the neck region of the gastric glands.

    • Chief cells produce intrinsic factor.

    • Gastric glands contain APUD cells.

    • Villi and crypts are the characteristic features there.

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastric glands contain APUD cells.
    Explanation
    APUD cells, also known as enterochromaffin-like cells, are found in the gastric glands of the fundus/body region of the stomach. These cells produce and release histamine, which plays a role in regulating gastric acid secretion. This statement accurately describes the histological structures in the fundus/body region of the stomach.

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  • 16. 

    As part of a research study, a volunteer undergoes a test known as scintigraphy, in which the transit of a swallowed soluble radioactively labeled tracer is tracked over time as it travels through the gut. Assuming this volunteer has the normal gastrointestinal function, how long following the swallow would it take the tracer to appear in the colon?

    • 7 - 10 hours

    • 0.5 - 1 hour

    • 1 - 3 hours

    • 24 - 30 hours

    • More than 30 hours

    Correct Answer
    A. 7 - 10 hours
    Explanation
    Based on the information given, scintigraphy is a test that tracks the transit of a swallowed tracer through the gut. The question asks how long it would take for the tracer to appear in the colon for a volunteer with normal gastrointestinal function. The correct answer is 7 - 10 hours, indicating that it takes approximately this amount of time for the tracer to reach the colon.

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  • 17. 

    Mr. Simms is having lunch at his team's practice facility. As he swallows food, his stomach changes size to accommodate his meal. What motor neurons specifically mediate this response at the smooth muscle level?

    • Stimulatory neurons from the myenteric plexus

    • Sympathetic neurons from thoracic autonomic ganglia

    • Stimulatory neurons from the submucosal plexus

    • Inhibitory neurons from the myenteric plexus

    • Parasympathetic neurons from the thoracic autonomic ganglia

    Correct Answer
    A. Inhibitory neurons from the myenteric plexus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is inhibitory neurons from the myenteric plexus. These neurons mediate the response of the smooth muscle in the stomach to accommodate the meal by inhibiting its contraction. This allows the stomach to expand and accommodate the food that is being swallowed.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following neurotransmitters, hormones, or paracrine substances has the greatest impact on acid secretion by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa?

    • Histamine

    • Acetylcholine

    • Gastrin

    • Somatostatin

    Correct Answer
    A. Histamine
    Explanation
    Histamine has the greatest impact on acid secretion by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. Histamine acts as a potent stimulant for acid secretion and binds to H2 receptors on the parietal cells, triggering the production and release of gastric acid. Acetylcholine and gastrin also play a role in stimulating acid secretion, but histamine has a stronger effect. Somatostatin, on the other hand, inhibits acid secretion and acts as a negative regulator.

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  • Current Version
  • Oct 18, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 22, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Chachelly
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