Blood-block 2 Sem 1

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are derived from the CFU-E (colony-forming unit-erythroid) progenitor cells. CFU-E cells are responsible for the production and maturation of erythrocytes in the bone marrow. These cells undergo a series of differentiation and maturation steps to eventually become mature erythrocytes. Erythrocytes are specialized cells that transport oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the body. They lack a nucleus and other organelles, allowing them to carry out their main function efficiently.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that is derived from CFU-NM (colony-forming unit neutrophil-monocyte). They are a crucial component of the immune system and play a major role in fighting off bacterial infections. Neutrophils are highly mobile and are the first responders to sites of infection or inflammation. They engulf and destroy bacteria through a process called phagocytosis. Neutrophils also release toxic substances to further eliminate pathogens. Therefore, the given answer suggests that neutrophils are derived from CFU-NM.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are derived from reticulocytes. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that are released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. As they mature, reticulocytes lose their nucleus and other organelles, becoming fully functional erythrocytes. Erythrocytes are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues and removing carbon dioxide. They make up the majority of the cells in the blood and have a characteristic biconcave shape that allows for efficient gas exchange.

Spectrin is associated with the erythrocyte cell membrane and assists in maintaining its biconcave disk shape

Platelets are small, disc-shaped cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting. They are derived from a precursor cell called colony-forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU-Meg). CFU-Meg undergoes a series of maturation steps to ultimately produce platelets. Platelets are essential for forming blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. They also release various growth factors and cytokines that promote wound healing and tissue repair. Therefore, platelets are the correct answer in this case.

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response. They are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that help to identify and neutralize foreign substances in the body. Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and can be found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and other lymphoid tissues. They are an essential part of the body's defense against infections and diseases.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that possess specific and azurophilic granules. These granules contain enzymes and antimicrobial proteins that help neutrophils in their role as the first line of defense against infections. When neutrophils encounter pathogens, they release these granules, which aid in killing and destroying the invading microorganisms. This characteristic distinguishes neutrophils from other blood cells such as erythrocytes (red blood cells), lymphocytes, and platelets.

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are responsible for recognizing and attacking foreign substances in the body, such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. Lymphocytes are considered immunocompetent because they are able to recognize and respond to antigens, which are molecules that stimulate an immune response. They can produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens or directly kill infected cells. Lymphocytes are also involved in regulating the immune response and maintaining immune memory. Therefore, the correct answer is lymphocyte.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are derived from myeloblasts. Myeloblasts are the precursor cells for all types of granulocytes, including neutrophils. Neutrophils play a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing and destroying bacteria and other harmful pathogens. They are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are essential for fighting off infections.

Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, irregularly shaped cell fragments that are derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. They play a crucial role in the process of blood clotting, which is essential for wound healing and preventing excessive bleeding. Platelets are associated with demarcation channels, which are invaginations of the plasma membrane that help in the release of clotting factors and formation of platelet plugs. Therefore, platelets are the correct answer as they are directly involved in the clotting process and associated with demarcation channels.

Acute leukemia is a disease of children with symptoms that include headaches; vomiting; swollen lymph nodes, liver, and spleen; and the sensation of tenderness in bones. Chronic leukemia is a disease that usually affects adults. Von Willebrand disease is a coagulation disorder and does not have the same symptoms as acute leukemia. Infectious mononucleosis affects mostly young adults of high school and college age. Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B deficiency, and its symptoms do not resemble those of acute leukemia.