Foot And Ankle Quiz: GK Trivia!

1.

The Talonavicular joint has the most motion in which plane?

A.

Sagittal
B.

Frontal
C.

Transverse
D.

Emirates

Correct Answer
B. Frontal

Explanation
The talonavicular joint has the most motion in the frontal plane. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves and movements in this plane occur side to side or sideways. The talonavicular joint is located in the foot and allows for movements such as inversion and eversion, which involve tilting the foot towards the midline or away from it. These movements primarily occur in the frontal plane, making it the plane with the most motion in the talonavicular joint.

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2.

Which of the following may cause pseudo equinus in the cuboid foot?

A.

Extensor Substitution plantarflexing the forefoot
B.

Plantarflexion and Adductuon of the Talus reducing ROM at the Ankle joint
C.

Dorsiflexion and Abduction of the Talus reducing ROM at the Ankle joint
D.

A rigid Midtarsal Joint preventing forefoot dorsiflexion

Correct Answer
C. Dorsiflexion and Abduction of the Talus reducing ROM at the Ankle joint

Explanation
Dorsiflexion and abduction of the talus can cause pseudo equinus in the cuboid foot by reducing the range of motion (ROM) at the ankle joint. Pseudo equinus refers to a condition where the foot appears to be in a plantarflexed position, even though the ankle joint itself is not actually in a plantarflexed position. Dorsiflexion refers to the movement of bringing the top of the foot towards the shin, while abduction refers to the movement of moving the foot away from the midline of the body. When these movements are limited, it can result in a restricted ankle joint ROM and lead to pseudo equinus in the cuboid foot.

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3.

All of the following are phases of wound healing except?

A.

Inflammatory
B.

Remodelling
C.

Soft Callus
D.

Proliferation

Correct Answer
C. Soft Callus

Explanation
Soft callus is not a phase of wound healing. The phases of wound healing include inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling. In the inflammatory phase, the body responds to the injury by sending immune cells to the site of the wound to clean up debris and prevent infection. The proliferation phase involves the growth of new blood vessels and the production of collagen to rebuild the damaged tissue. Finally, in the remodeling phase, the newly formed tissue is strengthened and reshaped to restore its normal function. Soft callus, on the other hand, refers to the initial stage of bone healing, where a soft tissue bridge forms between the broken bone ends.

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4.

Which of the following is not a caution/contraindication for a 1st MTPJ Arthrodesis?

A.

Osteoporosis
B.

Fused Tibial Sesamoid
C.

Severe DJD at the 1st TMTJ
D.

Young Ballet dancer

Correct Answer
B. Fused Tibial Sesamoid

Explanation
A fused tibial sesamoid is not a caution/contraindication for a 1st MTPJ arthrodesis. The fusion of the tibial sesamoid refers to the fusion of the small bones located under the big toe joint. This condition does not pose a risk or contraindication for a 1st MTPJ arthrodesis, which is a surgical procedure to fuse the joint at the base of the big toe. Therefore, it is not listed as a caution or contraindication for this procedure.

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5.

Between which layer of the foot does the Deep Transverse Metatarsal Ligament cross?

A.

Plantar Fascia and 1st Layer
B.

1st & 2nd Layer
C.

2nd & 3rd Layer
D.

3rd & 4th Layer

Correct Answer
D. 3rd & 4th Layer

Explanation
The Deep Transverse Metatarsal Ligament crosses between the 3rd and 4th layer of the foot.

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6.

What is the primary antagonist of Tibialis Posterior?

A.

Tibialis Anterior
B.

Peroneus Longus
C.

Extensor Digitorum Longus
D.

Peroneus Brevis

Correct Answer
D. Peroneus Brevis

Explanation
The primary antagonist of Tibialis Posterior is Peroneus Brevis. Antagonist muscles oppose or work against the action of the agonist muscles. In this case, Tibialis Posterior is responsible for plantar flexion and inversion of the foot, while Peroneus Brevis performs eversion and plantar flexion of the foot. These actions are opposite to each other, making Peroneus Brevis the primary antagonist of Tibialis Posterior.

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7.

Damage to the Superficial Peroneal Nerve will result in?

A.

Foot Drop
B.

Loss of Eversion
C.

Loss of Inversion
D.

Loss of dorsal cutaneous innervation

Correct Answer
B. Loss of Eversion

Explanation
Damage to the Superficial Peroneal Nerve will result in loss of eversion. The Superficial Peroneal Nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles that control eversion of the foot, which is the movement of turning the sole of the foot outward. Therefore, if this nerve is damaged, the individual will experience a loss of eversion, meaning they will have difficulty or inability to turn the sole of their foot outward.

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8.

All of the following may lead to iatrogenic Hallux Varus except?

A.

A negative intermetatarsal angle
B.

Excision of Fibular Sesamoid
C.

Lengthening of Extensor Hallus Longus
D.

Aggressive Medial Capsulorrhaphy

Correct Answer
C. Lengthening of Extensor Hallus Longus

Explanation
Lengthening of the Extensor Hallus Longus is not a cause of iatrogenic Hallux Varus. Iatrogenic Hallux Varus is a condition where the big toe deviates away from the midline of the foot. It can be caused by various factors such as a negative intermetatarsal angle (the angle between the first and second metatarsal bones), excision of the Fibular Sesamoid (a small bone in the foot), and aggressive medial capsulorrhaphy (surgical tightening of the joint capsule on the inside of the foot). However, lengthening of the Extensor Hallus Longus does not contribute to the development of Hallux Varus.

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9.

In which layer is the blood supply for the Achilles Tendon located?

A.

Endotendon
B.

Paratenon
C.

Mesotenon
D.

Contratenon

Correct Answer
B. Paratenon

Explanation
The correct answer is Paratenon. The paratenon is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the Achilles tendon. It provides a protective sheath and contains blood vessels that supply the tendon with nutrients and oxygen. The paratenon also helps to reduce friction between the tendon and surrounding tissues during movement.

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10.

On a lateral x-ray view, all of the following indicates a pes planovalgus foot type except?

A.

Obliterated Sinus Tarsi
B.

Anteriorly displace Cyma Line
C.

Increased Calcaneal Inclination angle
D.

Increased Talar Declination angle

Correct Answer
C. Increased Calcaneal Inclination angle

Explanation
The increased calcaneal inclination angle is not indicative of a pes planovalgus foot type. Pes planovalgus is a condition characterized by a flattened arch and excessive pronation of the foot. The obliterated sinus tarsi, anteriorly displaced cyma line, and increased talar declination angle are all findings commonly associated with pes planovalgus. However, an increased calcaneal inclination angle is typically seen in a pes cavus foot type, which is characterized by a high arch and supination of the foot.

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