High free fatty acids are a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, a common precondition of Type II diabetes. High circulating fatty acids chronically cause modified phosphorylation on the intracellular domain of the insulin receptor, with reduced PI3K and reduced GLUT4 activity. How is low GLUT4 activity relevant to diabetes?

It prevents glucose utilization by cells.

It stimulates fructose uptake by cells.

It leads to hyper-stimulation of glycolysis.

Carbohydrate Metabolism Lecture Questions

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Carbohydrate Metabolism Lecture Questions - Quiz

Are you looking for the important lecture questions on carbohydrate metabolism? Here, we have a quiz that includes the topic of carbohydrate metabolism to check your knowledge of the same. Carbohydrate metabolism is the basic fundamental biochemical process in living organisms that is responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates. It ensures the supply of energy to all living cells. If you want to see if you really know about this process or not, try the quiz below.

Questions and Answers

1.

The primary source of energy (ATP) under conditions of oxygen limitation in tissues is?
- A.
  
  The Alanine Cycle
- B.
  
  The Kreb’s Cycle (TCA)
- C.
  
  Oxidative Phosphorylation
- D.
  
  Glycolysis
Correct Answer
D. Glycolysis

Explanation
Anaerobic glycolysis produces 2 ATP per glucose metabolized. Lactate is the product formed from pyruvate to allow cycling of NAD+.

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10
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2.

The most important allosteric regulator of glycolysis is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate controls PFK-1 activity (activates) allosterically. It also regulates Fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase by comp. inhibition. (Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is a glycolytic intermediate, not an enzyme effector).

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6
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3.

Gluconeogenesis is most important?
- A.
  
  After exercise
- B.
  
  After meals
- C.
  
  After prolonged fasting
- D.
  
  Between lunch and dinner.
- E.
  
  With anaerobic conditions
Correct Answer
C. After prolonged fasting

Explanation
Overnight fasting releases glucagon in amounts which stimulate glycogenolysis. Prolonged fasting and depletion of glycogen stores results in activation of gluconeogenesis.

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4
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4.

An important allosteric regulator of gluconeogenesis is fatty-acyl-CoA.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Fatty-acyl-CoA’s are substrates for beta oxidation in mitochondria (catabolism). Acetyl-CoA is a 2 carbon substrate attached to CoA which serves as the allosteric effector of pyruvate carboxylase.

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3
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5.

Number of hepatic translocases and/or enzymes which could be responsible for an observed failure of a patient to convert cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate into intracellular free glucose?
- A.
  
  1
- B.
  
  2
- C.
  
  3
- D.
  
  4
- E.
  
  5
Correct Answer
E. 5

Explanation
At least five ‘proteins or enzymes’, many more genes are involved because some of the translocases are multi-subunit, derived from multiple genes.

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1
0
6.

High free fatty acids are a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, a common precondition of Type II diabetes. High circulating fatty acids chronically cause modified phosphorylation on the intracellular domain of the insulin receptor, with reduced PI3K and reduced GLUT4 activity. How is low GLUT4 activity relevant to diabetes?
- A.
  
  It causes retinopathy.
- B.
  
  It prevents glucose utilization by cells.
- C.
  
  It stimulates fructose uptake by cells.
- D.
  
  It leads to hyper-stimulation of glycolysis.
Correct Answer
B. It prevents glucose utilization by cells.

Explanation
GLUT translocases have primary responsibility for glucose transport in liver. There are other glucose translocases, not influenced by insulin under normal circumstances.

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7.

Ischemic tissues have an increased rate of glycolysis. Most of this is not fueled by extracellular supply of glucose, but rather by locally stored glycogen that is degraded in response to ischemia. This response depends on the activation of glycogen phosphorylase by:
- A.
  
  ATP
- B.
  
  AMP
- C.
  
  Low pH
- D.
  
  Carbon Dioxide
- E.
  
  Glucose 6-phosphate
Correct Answer
B. AMP

Explanation
AMP activates the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in muscle tissues. Divalent calcium is also a similar allosteric effector of glycogen phosphorylase in liver.

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1
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8.

Several inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism can cause fasting hypoglycemia. The most severe fasting hypoglycemia has to be expected in deficiencies of:
- A.
  
  Phosphofructokinase
- B.
  
  Aldolase
- C.
  
  Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
- D.
  
  Glucose-6-phosphatase
Correct Answer
D. Glucose-6-pHospHatase

Explanation
Both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis result in the formation of glucose-6-phosphate, which can be converted to free glucose by only one enzyme found in the liver: Glucose-6-phosphatase.

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3
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9.

What is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen called?
- A.
  
  Microaerophilic
- B.
  
  Glycogenic
- C.
  
  Anaerobic
- D.
  
  Aerobic
Correct Answer
D. Aerobic

Explanation
Aerobic respiration is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen.

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2
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10.

In anaerobic respiration, the end product is _____________.
- A.
  
  Ethyl alcohol
- B.
  
  Carbon dioxide
- C.
  
  Both A and B
- D.
  
  Oxygen
Correct Answer
C. Both A and B

Explanation
In anaerobic respiration, the end product is ethyl alcohol and CO2.

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1
0

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Current Version
Sep 17, 2024

Quiz Edited by
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Feb 17, 2012

Quiz Created by
Rossstudent

Carbohydrate Metabolism Lecture Questions

The primary source of energy (ATP) under conditions of oxygen limitation in tissues is?

The most important allosteric regulator of glycolysis is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

Gluconeogenesis is most important?

An important allosteric regulator of gluconeogenesis is fatty-acyl-CoA.

Number of hepatic translocases and/or enzymes which could be responsible for an observed failure of a patient to convert cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate into intracellular free glucose?

Ischemic tissues have an increased rate of glycolysis. Most of this is not fueled by extracellular supply of glucose, but rather by locally stored glycogen that is degraded in response to ischemia. This response depends on the activation of glycogen phosphorylase by:

Several inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism can cause fasting hypoglycemia. The most severe fasting hypoglycemia has to be expected in deficiencies of:

What is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen called?

In anaerobic respiration, the end product is _____________.