Ccna2 Final Exam V2

If Router A is down, the packet sent from Router C to Router D would follow the path C-F-E-D. This is because Router C would first send the packet to Router F, then Router F would forward it to Router E, and finally Router E would deliver it to Router D.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) uses hop count as its metric for path selection. This means that RIP measures the distance between routers in terms of the number of hops or routers that a packet must traverse to reach its destination. RIP selects the path with the fewest number of hops as the best route. Other routing protocols may consider additional factors such as bandwidth or delay, but RIP solely relies on hop count. Therefore, the statement that correctly describes a feature of RIP is that it uses only one metric, hop count, for path selection.

R1 should use the summarization 192.168.0.0/22 to advertise its networks to R2. This summarization includes both the networks 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.0.0/24, as well as additional subnets within the range 192.168.0.0/22. This allows for more efficient routing and reduces the number of routing entries that need to be maintained in R2's routing table.

The correct answer is "Router(config-if)#". This prompt is used to access the interface configuration mode on a router, where the user can make changes to the IP address of a specific interface. The "config-if" stands for configuration interface, indicating that any changes made in this mode will only affect the selected interface rather than the entire router.

The reason for the router booting and entering setup mode is that the configuration file is missing from NVRAM. NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that stores the router's configuration file. If this file is missing, the router will not be able to load the necessary settings and will enter setup mode, prompting the user to configure the router manually. This can happen if the file was accidentally deleted or if there was a failure in saving the configuration to NVRAM.

A router performs packet switching by receiving packets from different networks and forwarding them to their destination based on the destination IP address. This allows the router to efficiently route packets between networks. Additionally, a router performs path selection by determining the best path for a packet to reach its destination based on factors such as network congestion, link quality, and routing protocols. This ensures that packets are delivered in the most efficient and reliable manner possible.

The console port on a router is used to manage the router. This port allows administrators to connect directly to the router using a console cable and a terminal emulation program. Through the console port, administrators can access the router's command-line interface (CLI) and configure various settings, monitor network performance, troubleshoot issues, and perform other administrative tasks. It provides a direct and secure method of accessing and managing the router's configuration and operations.

A metric is a value used by a particular routing protocol to compare paths to remote networks. This means that routing protocols use metrics to determine the best path for data to travel from one network to another. Each routing protocol may use its own metric calculation method, such as hop count, bandwidth, or delay, to evaluate the paths and select the most optimal one. The metric helps the router make informed decisions about the paths it should take to forward data packets efficiently.

The most efficient solution for forwarding traffic between BR and HQ would be to use static routes. Static routes allow for manual configuration of the routing table, eliminating the need for the router to constantly update and maintain routing information. This reduces the strain on router resources and provides a more efficient use of those resources compared to dynamic routing protocols like RIP, RIPv2, and EIGRP, which require continuous updates and calculations to determine the best path for forwarding traffic.

EIGRP uses the multicast address 224.0.0.10 to send hello and update packets. Multicast addresses are used to send packets to a group of devices rather than a single destination. In this case, EIGRP uses the multicast address 224.0.0.10 to send these packets to all routers in the network that are running EIGRP. This allows for efficient communication and updates between routers in the EIGRP routing domain.

After the commands are entered, the password "access" will be required to establish a Telnet session with the router.

The highlighted value 192 in the routing table represents the metric or cost of the route. In routing protocols, such as OSPF or EIGRP, the metric is used to determine the best path for forwarding packets. The lower the metric, the more preferred the route. In this case, a metric of 192 indicates that this route has a higher cost compared to other routes in the table.

The TTL (Time to Live) field within an IP packet header is used to limit the period of time or number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it should be discarded. This helps prevent packets from circulating indefinitely in the network and ensures that they are eventually dropped if they cannot reach their destination within the specified time or hop limit.

The state of the serial0/0/0 interface is administratively down because the "no shutdown" command has not been executed on the interface. This command is used to enable the interface and bring it up. Without executing this command, the interface remains administratively down and cannot transmit or receive data.

When the network technician types "conf" and presses the TAB key, the Cisco 2811 router will perform an auto-complete function. This means that the router will automatically complete the command or suggest possible commands that start with "conf" to assist the technician in entering the correct command. This feature helps to save time and reduce the chances of errors when configuring the router.

When adding a network to the OSPF routing process configuration, three things are required: the network address, the wildcard mask, and the area ID. The network address is the IP address of the network being added. The wildcard mask is used to specify which hosts or subnets should be included in the OSPF routing process. The area ID is a number that identifies the OSPF area to which the network belongs. The loopback address, autonomous system number, and subnet mask are not required for adding a network to the OSPF routing process configuration.

The network administrator should use show and debug commands to determine if hellos are propagating. This step will help diagnose the issue by checking if OSPF hello packets are being sent and received correctly between the routers. If hellos are not propagating, it could indicate a problem with OSPF configuration or connectivity. By examining the output of show and debug commands, the administrator can gather more information about the OSPF process and identify any potential issues that may be causing the lack of OSPF routes in the routing table.

The correct answer is privileged EXEC. When the enable command is entered, it allows the user to access the privileged EXEC mode on a router. In this mode, the user has access to all the router's commands and can make configuration changes, view system information, and perform administrative tasks. This mode provides a higher level of control and access compared to the user EXEC mode.

Configuring the R2 router interfaces for area 0 will resolve the problem because it will ensure that both routers are in the same OSPF area. OSPF uses areas to divide the network into smaller, more manageable units. By configuring the R2 router interfaces for area 0, the hosts connected to R2 will be able to establish OSPF neighbor relationships with the hosts connected to R1, allowing them to exchange routing information and enabling successful pings between the hosts.

The command "ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2" on R1 configures a static route. It specifies that any traffic destined for the network 192.168.2.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 should be forwarded to the next hop address 172.16.1.2. Therefore, the result of running this command is that traffic for network 192.168.2.0 will be forwarded to 172.16.1.2.

The correct set of commands to configure a single area OSPF for the networks connected to R2 is "R2(config)# router ospf 1, R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0, R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0". These commands enable OSPF routing on R2, specify the networks that are connected to R2, and assign them to area 0. This ensures that R2 will participate in OSPF routing and advertise the connected networks to other OSPF routers in the network.

Based on the output of the "show ip route" command, the correct answer is to issue the "no auto-summary" command for RIPv2. This is because the output shows that the network is not correctly summarizing the routes, which can lead to communication issues between LANs. By disabling the auto-summary feature, RIPv2 will advertise the more specific subnets and allow for successful communication between LANs.

When a topology change occurs, the existing static route must be negated because it is no longer valid. By negating the existing static route, it is effectively removed from the routing table. Then, a new static route can be configured with the correct next hop IP address to accommodate the topology change. This ensures that the router will use the correct path to reach the destination network.

The correct answer is "dead time and hello time". In OSPF, routers exchange hello packets to establish and maintain neighbor relationships. The hello time is the interval between these hello packets, while the dead time is the duration of time that can pass without receiving a hello packet before considering the neighbor to be down. For two routers to become OSPF neighbors, their dead time and hello time configuration values must match. If these values do not match, the routers will not recognize each other as neighbors and will not exchange information.

The correct answer is "It will load balance the traffic between ADC and ABC." This means that the traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network will be distributed evenly between the ADC and ABC paths. Load balancing helps to optimize network performance by distributing traffic across multiple paths, ensuring efficient utilization of resources and improving overall network reliability.

Router R1 should send the IP address and mask prefix 192.168.4.0/22 to the Edge router as a result of manual summarization of LANs A, B, C, and D. This means that R1 will aggregate the IP addresses of LANs A, B, C, and D into a single network address with a /22 subnet mask. This will allow for more efficient routing and reduce the size of the routing table on the Edge router.

By adding the "default-information originate" command to the router's configuration, it will propagate a static default route in its RIP updates, but only if one is present. This means that if the router has a static default route configured, it will advertise this route to other routers using RIP. This allows the router to provide a default gateway to other routers in the network, enabling them to forward packets to destinations outside of their own network.

The correct answer is to change the IP address on Serial 0/1/0 on router 2 to 192.168.0.1/30. This will correct the problem because the IP addresses on both ends of a serial link must be in the same subnet in order for communication to occur. By changing the IP address on router 2 to 192.168.0.1/30, it will be in the same subnet as the IP address on router 1 (192.168.0.2/30), allowing them to communicate successfully.

Classless routing protocols, such as OSPF and RIP version 2, support Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) and discontiguous networks. VLSM allows for the creation of subnets with different subnet mask lengths within a network. The network mask is an additional piece of information included in the updates of classless routing protocols to indicate the subnet mask being used for a particular network. This information is necessary for routers to accurately determine the network boundaries and make routing decisions based on the destination IP address and its corresponding subnet mask.

OSPF supports VLSM, which stands for Variable Length Subnet Masking. This means that OSPF can handle networks with different subnet mask lengths, allowing for more efficient use of IP addresses. EIGRP supports discontiguous network designs, meaning that it can route traffic between non-contiguous networks. This is useful in situations where networks are physically separated but still need to communicate with each other.

The reason for the ping failure is that the 192.168.4.0 network is not included in the RIP configuration of R2. Since R1 is using RIPv2 and static routes are undefined, it relies on the RIP configuration to learn about networks. Since R2 does not have the 192.168.4.0 network included in its RIP configuration, R1 is unaware of this network and therefore cannot ping 192.168.4.1.

The EIGRP protocol has a lower administrative distance than OSPF. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of a routing protocol. When multiple routing protocols are configured on a router, the protocol with the lowest administrative distance is preferred and its routes are added to the routing table. In this scenario, although both EIGRP and OSPF are configured, only EIGRP internal routes appear in the routing tables. This suggests that EIGRP has a lower administrative distance than OSPF, making it the preferred routing protocol.

The problem is that both interfaces are in the same IP subnet. This means that they have overlapping IP addresses, which can cause conflicts and prevent both interfaces from coming up. Each interface on a router should be assigned a unique IP address within its own subnet.

Based on the information provided, the question states that routers R1 and R3 use different routing protocols with default administrative distance values. It also mentions that the destination network is advertised by both protocols. Therefore, in this scenario, the packets will travel via R2-R1, indicating that the path through R2 and R1 will be used to transmit the data packets from PC1 to PC2.

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The purpose of the "ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 50 10" command is to limit the bandwidth that EIGRP packets can use to 6.4 kb/s.

The correct answer is the static route. This means that R1 will use a manually configured static route to forward traffic from PC1 to the web server, rather than relying on any dynamically learned routes from OSPF or EIGRP.

The answer is D because it has the lowest administrative distance (90) compared to the other routes. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of the source of the route information. The lower the administrative distance, the more reliable the source. In this case, the route learned through dynamic routing process D is considered the most reliable and will be used to reach the network 172.16.1.0.

Based on the given exhibit, there are two routes that are both level 1 and qualify for use as an ultimate route.

When Serial 0/0/0 receives an update about the network that is attached to RTRB, RTRA adds the entry "O 172.16.7.16/28 [110/51] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:25, Serial0/0/0" in its routing table. This means that RTRA has learned about the network 172.16.7.16/28 from RTRB and the next hop to reach that network is 10.10.10.2 via the Serial0/0/0 interface. The administrative distance is 110 and the metric is 51. The timestamp indicates when the update was received.

The EIGRP update packet is used to propagate routing information within the EIGRP network. This means that when a router has new or updated routing information, it will send an update packet to its neighboring routers to inform them of the changes. This allows all routers within the EIGRP network to have consistent and up-to-date routing tables, ensuring efficient and reliable routing throughout the network.

The correct answer is to configure both routers with the same EIGRP process ID. In order for routers to form an EIGRP neighbor adjacency, they must be in the same EIGRP process. By configuring both routers with the same EIGRP process ID, they will be able to recognize each other as neighbors and form an adjacency. This will allow them to exchange routing information and establish a functioning EIGRP network.

The correct answer is "router ospf 1 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 10.20.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0". This answer is correct because it includes the correct network statements that match the three networks attached to router B. The network statement "10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3" matches the network 10.1.1.0/30, the network statement "10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255" matches the network 10.10.1.0/24, and the network statement "10.20.1.0 0.0.0.255" matches the network 10.20.1.0/24. By including these network statements, router B will advertise these three networks to other OSPF routers in area 0.

Fast convergence is desirable in networks that use dynamic routing protocols because routers may make incorrect forwarding decisions until the network has converged. Convergence refers to the process of all routers in the network agreeing on the best path for forwarding packets. During the convergence process, routers may have inconsistent routing tables, leading to potential incorrect forwarding decisions. Fast convergence minimizes the time it takes for routers to reach a consistent state, reducing the chances of incorrect forwarding and improving network performance and reliability.

In a router, three components that are stored in RAM are the routing table, the running-configuration, and a copy of the operating system. The routing table is stored in RAM to determine the best path for forwarding packets. The running-configuration is also stored in RAM and contains the current configuration settings of the router. A copy of the operating system is stored in RAM to ensure that the router can function properly. These components need to be stored in RAM for quick access and efficient operation of the router.

The problem in this scenario is that the autonomous system numbers do not match between RouterA and RouterB. EIGRP uses autonomous system numbers to identify and differentiate between different EIGRP routing domains. In order for routers to exchange EIGRP routes successfully, they must be configured with the same autonomous system number.

The given exhibit states that hosts on the 192.168.1.0 network cannot communicate with hosts on the 172.16.1.1 network. The question asks for the possible cause of this problem. The correct answer is "No static route or routing protocol is configured." This means that R1 does not have any specific routes defined for the 172.16.1.0 network, which is why the communication is failing. Without a static route or routing protocol, R1 does not know how to reach the 172.16.1.0 network.

When a packet travels through a router, the router modifies the TTL (Time to Live) field in the packet header by decrementing it by one. This is done to prevent packets from circulating endlessly in the network. The router also maintains the same source and destination IP addresses, ensuring that the packet reaches its intended destination. However, the router changes the source physical address (MAC address) to the physical address of the exit interface. This is necessary as the packet moves from one network segment to another.

The exhibit shows the output of the "show ip eigrp topology" command on R1. Since the exhibit does not provide any information about the stability of the routes or the feasibility successors, we cannot determine if the first two statements are true. However, we can determine that the command has been run on R1 because the output is shown in the exhibit. Therefore, the correct statements are "All routes are stable" and "The show ip eigrp topology command has been run on R1."

The EIGRP successor route may be backed up by a feasible successor route, which provides a backup path in case the primary route fails. Additionally, the successor route is used by EIGRP to forward traffic to the destination, making it the preferred route for sending data packets.