Ch.5 Antigen Recognition By T Lymphocytes
T-cells are is a type of white blood cell that is of key importance to the immune system and is at the core of adaptive immunity. A molecule that is capable of binding to an antibody or to an antigen receptor on a T-cell is defined as an antigen. What do you know about how an antigen gets recognized by a T-lymphocyte? Take up the quiz to find out.
- 1.
The antigen receptor on T cells
- A.
T-cell receptor
- B.
B-cell receptor
- C.
MHC receptor
- D.
MHC II receptor
- E.
Both a and b
Correct Answer
A. T-cell receptorExplanation
The T-cell receptor is the correct answer because it is the antigen receptor found on T cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. The T-cell receptor allows T cells to recognize and bind to specific antigens, which are molecules that can elicit an immune response. This binding triggers a series of events that activate the T cell and initiate an immune response against the antigen. The B-cell receptor, MHC receptor, and MHC II receptor are not antigen receptors on T cells.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The ligand for a TCR is
- A.
Made of only DNA
- B.
Created when a B-chain is nonproductive
- C.
The combination of peptide and MHC molecule on a cell surface
- D.
Carried throughout the blood by a protein carrier
- E.
Needed to bind to a B-cell
Correct Answer
C. The combination of peptide and MHC molecule on a cell surfaceExplanation
The ligand for a TCR is the combination of peptide and MHC molecule on a cell surface. TCRs (T-cell receptors) are proteins found on the surface of T-cells that recognize and bind to antigens presented by MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules. The peptide binds to the MHC molecule, forming a complex that can be recognized by the TCR. This interaction is crucial for T-cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens, leading to an immune response.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The genes that encode the MHC molecules are clustered in the chromosomal region called
- A.
The nuceloid region
- B.
The major histocompatibility complex
- C.
The germinal center
- D.
The terminal center
- E.
The RNA region
Correct Answer
B. The major histocompatibility complexExplanation
The correct answer is "the major histocompatibility complex." The MHC molecules are encoded by genes that are clustered in a specific chromosomal region known as the major histocompatibility complex. This complex plays a crucial role in the immune system by encoding proteins that are involved in presenting antigens to T cells, thus determining the compatibility of tissues and organs for transplantation.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The differences between MHC molecules of the donor and recipient are the major cause of
- A.
The involution of the thymus
- B.
B-cell variation
- C.
T-cell overload
- D.
Tissue incompatibility and transplant rejection
- E.
Organ acceptance
Correct Answer
D. Tissue incompatibility and transplant rejectionExplanation
The major cause of tissue incompatibility and transplant rejection is the differences between MHC molecules of the donor and recipient. MHC molecules play a crucial role in the immune system by presenting antigens to T cells. When the MHC molecules of the donated tissue do not match the recipient's MHC molecules, it triggers an immune response leading to rejection of the transplant. This is because the recipient's immune system recognizes the donated tissue as foreign and launches an attack to eliminate it.Rate this question:
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- 5.
T-cell receptors are always
- A.
Nonproductive
- B.
Self-reactive
- C.
Membrane bound
- D.
Released into the cytoplasm
- E.
Immature
Correct Answer
C. Membrane boundExplanation
T-cell receptors are membrane-bound because they are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane of T-cells. This allows the receptors to interact with antigens presented on the surface of other cells, triggering an immune response. Being membrane-bound is essential for the T-cell receptors to function properly in recognizing and binding to specific antigens.Rate this question:
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- 6.
When a T-cell is stimulated with antigen, somatic hypermutation occurs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
IntroductionRate this question:
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- 7.
How many chains are in a T-cell?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
4
- D.
8
- E.
22
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
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- 8.
T-cell receptor a-chain is located on
- A.
Chromosome 14
- B.
Chromosome 21
- C.
Chromosome 13
- D.
Chromosome 87
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Chromosome 14Explanation
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- 9.
T-cell receptor B chain is located on
- A.
Chromosome 1
- B.
Chromosome 14
- C.
Chromosome 7
- D.
Chromosome 8
- E.
Chromosome 9
Correct Answer
C. Chromosome 7Explanation
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- 10.
The antigen-recogntion site of T-cell receptors is formed from the
- A.
Valpha domain
- B.
Vbeta domain
- C.
Vlamda domain
- D.
Both a and b
- E.
Vdelta domain
Correct Answer
D. Both a and bExplanation
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- 11.
The TCR alpha and beta chain V domains each have
- A.
4 CDR loops
- B.
6 CDR loops
- C.
199 CDR loops
- D.
3 CDR loops
- E.
No CDR loops
Correct Answer
D. 3 CDR loopsExplanation
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- 12.
TCR receptors posses a
- A.
Nonproductive alpha chain
- B.
CDR loop that is mutated
- C.
Single binding site for antigen
- D.
Noncoding region
- E.
Immature chain
Correct Answer
C. Single binding site for antigenExplanation
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- 13.
Mechanisms for generating T-cell diversity.
- A.
Gene rearrangements that generate V-region sequence
- B.
Changes in mRNA splicing
- C.
Both a and b
- D.
Changes in tRNA splicing
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Both a and bExplanation
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- 14.
How many alpha and beta chain genes are in the C region of a T-cell?
- A.
1 alpha, 2 beta
- B.
0 alpha, 3 beta
- C.
4 alpha, 2 beta
- D.
2 alpha, 1 beta
- E.
11 alpha, 33 beta
Correct Answer
A. 1 alpHa, 2 betaExplanation
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- 15.
The TCR a-chain contains V and J segments only.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
5-2Rate this question:
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- 16.
The TCR B-chain contains only V and D segments.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
5-2: IT also includes the J gene segmentRate this question:
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- 17.
Where does TCR rearrangement occur?
- A.
Heart
- B.
Bone marrow
- C.
Thyroid
- D.
Lymph node
- E.
Thymus
Correct Answer
E. ThymusExplanation
5-2Rate this question:
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- 18.
In TCR, P and N nucleotides are inserted in the junctions between
- A.
V, D, and J segments
- B.
V and J segments
- C.
D and J segments
- D.
V and D segments
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. V, D, and J segmentsExplanation
5-2Rate this question:
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- 19.
P and N nucleotides add to junctional diversity in CDR3 in TCRs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
5-2Rate this question:
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- 20.
Exons in TCRs are separated by introns
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 21.
The RAG genes have introns that characterize eukaryotic genes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
5-3: They are similar to transposonsRate this question:
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- 22.
The human RAG genes are located on chromosome
- A.
65
- B.
21
- C.
34
- D.
11
- E.
14
Correct Answer
D. 11Explanation
5-3Rate this question:
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- 23.
The CD3 complex contains how many complements?
- A.
5
- B.
4
- C.
3
- D.
1
- E.
2
Correct Answer
C. 3Explanation
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- 24.
RSS genes lie between the V and J genes of a TCR.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because RSS (recombination signal sequences) genes are indeed located between the V (variable) and J (joining) genes of a TCR (T-cell receptor). These RSS genes play a crucial role in the process of V(D)J recombination, which is responsible for generating the diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors. The RSS genes contain conserved sequences that serve as recognition sites for the recombination machinery, allowing for the rearrangement and joining of V, D, and J gene segments to create functional TCR genes. Therefore, the statement is correct.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is T cell binding called?
- A.
Promiscuous
- B.
Specific
- C.
Unknown
- D.
Retractable
- E.
Nonproductive
Correct Answer
A. PromiscuousExplanation
T cell binding is referred to as "promiscuous" because T cells are able to bind to a wide range of antigens, not just a specific one. This term highlights the ability of T cells to recognize and interact with multiple antigens, allowing for a more diverse immune response.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The TCR a and b chains have very
- A.
Short cytoplasmic tails
- B.
Long endoplasmic arms
- C.
Short endoplasmic tails
- D.
Specific binding tails
- E.
Both a and d
Correct Answer
A. Short cytoplasmic tailsExplanation
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- 27.
TCR gamma chain resembles
- A.
Beta chain
- B.
Delta chain
- C.
Zeta chain
- D.
Alpha chain
- E.
Theta chain
Correct Answer
D. AlpHa chainExplanation
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- 28.
The gamma and delta chain loci contain greater V gene segments than the alpha and beta chain loci.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
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- 29.
Increase the variability in the delta chain.
- A.
Increasing the potential of combinations of gene segments
- B.
Extra N nucleotides added at the junction between the two D segments
- C.
Both a and b
- D.
Deleting variable segments
- E.
Adding J gene segments
Correct Answer
C. Both a and bExplanation
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- 30.
Are dominant T cells in epithelial tissue.
- A.
Gamma:delta receptors
- B.
Alpha:beta receptors
- C.
Zeta:theta receptors
- D.
Omega:gamma receptors
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Gamma:delta receptorsExplanation
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- 31.
Gamma:delta T cells are not restricted to the recognition of peptide antigens associated with MHC molecules.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 32.
Pathogen-derived proteins degraded into peptides.
- A.
Antibody processing
- B.
Antigen processing
- C.
Antigen editing
- D.
Antigen deletion
- E.
Antigen proliferation
Correct Answer
B. Antigen processingExplanation
Antigen processing refers to the breakdown of pathogen-derived proteins into smaller peptides. This process is crucial for the immune system to recognize and respond to foreign antigens. The peptides generated during antigen processing are then presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, to be recognized by T cells. This recognition triggers an immune response, leading to the activation of B cells and the production of antibodies. Therefore, antigen processing plays a key role in the adaptive immune response against pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Antigen presentation is the process
- A.
Of a pathogen-derived peptide assembling in a MHC molecule complex so that it can be displayed on the cell surface
- B.
Of pathogen derived peptides being degraded
- C.
Of removing cells that are self-reactive
- D.
Of allowing cells to proliferate
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Of a pathogen-derived peptide assembling in a MHC molecule complex so that it can be displayed on the cell surfaceExplanation
Antigen presentation is the process of a pathogen-derived peptide assembling in a MHC molecule complex so that it can be displayed on the cell surface. This process allows the immune system to recognize and respond to the pathogen by presenting the pathogen's antigens to immune cells. By displaying the antigens on the cell surface, the immune system can identify and eliminate the pathogen or activate an immune response against it. This is an important mechanism for the immune system to detect and respond to infections.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Main function of CD8 T cells is to
- A.
Help other cells respond to extracellular sources of infection
- B.
Degrade peptides from pathogens
- C.
Deliver pathogens to primary lymph nodes
- D.
Kill viral infected cells
- E.
Kill bacterial infected cells
Correct Answer
D. Kill viral infected cellsExplanation
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- 35.
The main function of CD4 T cells is to
- A.
Help other cells to respond to extracellular sources of infection
- B.
Kill viral infected cells
- C.
Degrade peptides of pathogens
- D.
Select cells for apoptosis
- E.
Both b and c
Correct Answer
A. Help other cells to respond to extracellular sources of infectionExplanation
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- 36.
How many extracellular domains does an MHC molecule have?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
21
- D.
700000
- E.
3
Correct Answer
E. 3Explanation
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- 37.
MHC molecules are noncovalently complexed with B2-microglobulin.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 38.
The vast majority of peptides that bind MHC class I are
- A.
8-10 amino acids
- B.
23-90 amino acids
- C.
1 amino acid
- D.
Highly specific
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. 8-10 amino acidsExplanation
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- 39.
MHC class II molecules bind with peptides of
- A.
8-10 amino acids
- B.
4-9 amino acids
- C.
13-25 amino acids
- D.
90-999 amino acids
- E.
35-67 amino acids
Correct Answer
C. 13-25 amino acidsExplanation
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- 40.
Proteosomes are only involved with MHC I molecules.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Proteosomes are cellular structures responsible for degrading proteins. They play a crucial role in the processing of antigens for presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. MHC I molecules are found on the surface of most nucleated cells and are responsible for presenting intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells. Therefore, proteosomes are indeed only involved with MHC I molecules, making the statement true.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Specialize in making peptides having a hydrophobic or a basic residue at the carboxy terminus, features that enable them to bind to MHC class I molecules.
- A.
Proteosomes
- B.
Chromosomes
- C.
TAP
- D.
RSS genes
- E.
Immunoproteasomes
Correct Answer
E. ImmunoproteasomesExplanation
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- 42.
Transports peptides across the ER membrane
- A.
Proteosomes
- B.
Immunosupressors
- C.
DNA recombinase
- D.
TAP
- E.
RAG 1
Correct Answer
D. TAPExplanation
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- 43.
TAP is a heterodimer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 44.
A heterodimer means there are 4 structures.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Heterodimer means there are 2 structures; ie. TAP1 and TAP2Rate this question:
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- 45.
Chaperone proteins
- A.
Aid in the loading of peptides in MHC class I molecules
- B.
Aid in the deletion of peptides in MHC class II molecules
- C.
Are not involved in MHC class I and II molecules
- D.
Deliver a chain of events benefiting apoptosis
- E.
Remove exons
Correct Answer
A. Aid in the loading of peptides in MHC class I moleculesExplanation
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- 46.
Calnexin is
- A.
An enzyme involved with MHC I
- B.
A protein that binds with MHC class I heavy or alpha chains
- C.
A protein that deletes mutated alpha chains
- D.
Not part of the human body
- E.
Considered a RSS gene
Correct Answer
B. A protein that binds with MHC class I heavy or alpHa chainsExplanation
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- 47.
How many proteins does the peptide loading complex have?
- A.
1
- B.
3
- C.
45
- D.
100
- E.
6
Correct Answer
E. 6Explanation
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- 48.
Calnexin is released when the MHC class I heavy chain has bound B2-microglobulin.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 49.
ERp57and tapasin
- A.
Are oxidoreductase enzymes that have disulfide-bonds
- B.
Bind to both the MHC class I heavy chain and TAP-1
- C.
Act like a bridge
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
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- 50.
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase
- A.
Remove amino acids
- B.
Adds amino acids
- C.
Rearranges amino acids
- D.
Both a and b
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Remove amino acidsExplanation
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Current Version
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Mar 19, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 11, 2009Quiz Created by
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