Chapter 1 Quiz (Part 1)
This quiz covers the fist half of Chapter 1: Chemical Foundations in your textbook.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
For the fist time we can "see" individual atoms. Of course, we cannot see them with the naked eye but we must use a special device called what?
- A.
Scanning Electron Microscope
- B.
Special Trap
- C.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
- D.
Light Microscope
Correct Answer
C. Scanning Tunneling MicroscopeExplanation
The correct answer is Scanning Tunneling Microscope. This device allows us to "see" individual atoms by using a technique called scanning tunneling microscopy. It works by scanning a sharp metal tip across the surface of a sample, and as the tip gets close to the atoms, a tunneling current is produced. This current is used to create a detailed image of the surface, allowing us to visualize individual atoms. Unlike a light microscope, which uses visible light to magnify objects, a scanning tunneling microscope uses the principles of quantum mechanics to achieve atomic-scale resolution.Rate this question:
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- 2.
We are fairly sure that matter consists of individual atoms. The nature of these atoms is quite complex, and the components of atoms don't behave much like the objects we see in the world of our experience. We call this world the __________.
- A.
Microscopic world
- B.
Macroscopic world
Correct Answer
B. Macroscopic worldExplanation
The given answer, "macroscopic world," is the correct answer because it refers to the world of our experience, where objects can be seen and interacted with by the naked eye. In contrast, the "microscopic world" refers to the realm of atoms and particles, which are not directly observable without the use of specialized tools such as microscopes. Since the question mentions that the components of atoms do not behave like the objects we see in our everyday experience, it suggests that the answer should be the macroscopic world.Rate this question:
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- 3.
One of the main challenges of chemistry is to understand the connection between the macroscopic world that we experience and the microscopic world of atoms and molecules. To truly understand chemistry you must learn to think on what level?
- A.
Nuclear
- B.
Electric
- C.
Atomic
- D.
Subatomic
Correct Answer
C. AtomicExplanation
To truly understand chemistry, one must learn to think on the atomic level. This is because chemistry is the study of atoms and molecules, and understanding their behavior and interactions is crucial in comprehending the macroscopic world. By focusing on the atomic level, scientists can explain and predict various chemical reactions and phenomena that occur in our everyday lives.Rate this question:
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- 4.
It is the way the atoms are organized in a given substance that determines the properties of that substance. For example, _________, one of the most common and important substances on earth is composed of two types of atoms: hydrogen and oxygen.
- A.
Water
- B.
Sand
- C.
Bridges
- D.
Alphabet
Correct Answer
A. WaterExplanation
The given substance, water, is composed of two types of atoms, hydrogen and oxygen. The organization of these atoms in water determines its properties, such as its ability to dissolve other substances, its boiling and freezing points, and its unique molecular structure. Water's molecular arrangement allows it to form hydrogen bonds, which contribute to its high boiling point and surface tension. Therefore, the way the atoms are organized in water is what gives it its distinct properties.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What does the word "diatomic" mean?
- A.
Chemicals
- B.
Substances
- C.
Two-atoms
- D.
One-atom
Correct Answer
C. Two-atomsExplanation
The word "diatomic" refers to a molecule or element that consists of two atoms bonded together. In this context, it means that the term "diatomic" describes substances or chemicals that are composed of two atoms.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Part of the reason for learning chemistry, therefore, is to become a better what?
- A.
Problem solver
- B.
Scientist
- C.
Driver
- D.
Student
Correct Answer
A. Problem solverExplanation
Learning chemistry helps individuals become better problem solvers. Chemistry involves critical thinking, logical reasoning, and analytical skills, which are essential for solving complex problems. By learning chemistry, individuals develop the ability to analyze data, identify patterns, and apply scientific principles to find solutions. This skill set can be applied not only in chemistry-related scenarios but also in various other fields and real-life situations. Therefore, becoming a better problem solver is one of the key benefits of learning chemistry.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The process that lies at the center of scientific inquiry is called the ____________.
- A.
Scientific inquiry
- B.
Scientific method
- C.
Law of chemistry
- D.
Diatomic atom
Correct Answer
B. Scientific methodExplanation
The scientific method is the process that lies at the center of scientific inquiry. It is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate and understand the natural world. It involves making observations, formulating a hypothesis, conducting experiments or gathering data, analyzing the results, and drawing conclusions. The scientific method allows scientists to test and refine their ideas, ensuring that their findings are reliable and accurate.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a(n) _____________.
- A.
Prediction
- B.
Data
- C.
Hypothesis
- D.
Observation
Correct Answer
D. ObservationExplanation
A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation. When scientists make observations, they may notice patterns or phenomena that they want to understand. They develop hypotheses as potential explanations for these observations. These hypotheses can then be tested through further experimentation and data collection to determine their validity. Therefore, the correct answer is observation.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What kind of observation does not involve a number?
- A.
Qualitative
- B.
Quantitative
- C.
Quantum
- D.
Hypothesis
Correct Answer
A. QualitativeExplanation
Qualitative observation refers to the type of observation that does not involve numerical values or measurements. It focuses on the qualities, characteristics, and properties of an object or phenomenon. This type of observation relies on descriptive information, such as color, texture, shape, smell, taste, or behavior. It is subjective and can vary depending on the observer's interpretation. In contrast, quantitative observation involves measuring or counting using numerical values. The term "quantum" is unrelated to the concept of observation and refers to a fundamental unit of energy in physics. "Hypothesis" is a statement that proposes an explanation for a phenomenon and is not directly related to the act of observation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What kind of observation involves both a number and a unit? This is also called a measurement.
- A.
Qualitative
- B.
Quantitative
- C.
Quantum
- D.
Hypothesis
Correct Answer
B. QuantitativeExplanation
A quantitative observation involves both a number and a unit, which allows for the measurement of a particular quantity or attribute. This type of observation focuses on numerical data and can be used to make comparisons or analyze patterns. It is different from qualitative observations, which involve descriptions or characteristics without specific measurements. The term "quantum" refers to a discrete quantity in physics and is not relevant to this question. "Hypothesis" is a prediction or explanation that can be tested, but it does not involve the use of numbers and units.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A possible explanation of why nature behaves in a particular way is called what?
- A.
Law
- B.
Hypothesis
- C.
Interpretation
- D.
Mass
Correct Answer
C. InterpretationExplanation
An interpretation is a possible explanation for why nature behaves in a particular way. It involves analyzing and understanding the observed phenomena in order to make sense of them. Interpreting nature's behavior helps us gain insights into the underlying principles and mechanisms governing the natural world. It allows us to formulate theories and models that can be tested and refined through further observation and experimentation.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Theories are often called ____________.
- A.
Hypotheses
- B.
Models
- C.
Inferences
- D.
Laws
Correct Answer
B. ModelsExplanation
Theories are often called "models" because they provide a framework or representation of how something works or functions. Models help to simplify complex concepts and allow scientists to make predictions and test hypotheses based on the theoretical framework provided by the model. This term is commonly used in scientific research and allows for a better understanding and communication of theories within the scientific community.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The observation that the total mass of materials is not affected by a chemical change in those materials is called what?
- A.
Law of conservation of mass
- B.
Natural law
- C.
Theory (model)
- D.
Procedure
Correct Answer
A. Law of conservation of massExplanation
The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of materials involved in a chemical reaction remains constant before and after the reaction. This means that no atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical change, they only rearrange to form new substances. This observation is a fundamental principle in chemistry and is supported by numerous experimental evidence. It is not a theory or a model, but a well-established scientific law.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which system of measurement is used in the United States?
- A.
Metric
- B.
English
Correct Answer
B. EnglishExplanation
The system of measurement used in the United States is English. This system includes units such as inches, feet, pounds, and gallons. It is different from the metric system, which is used in most other countries and includes units such as meters, kilograms, and liters. The use of the English system in the United States is a historical legacy from its British colonial roots.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which system of measurement is used by all of the industrialized world except for the United States?
- A.
Metric
- B.
English
Correct Answer
A. MetricExplanation
The metric system is used by all of the industrialized world except for the United States. The metric system is a decimal-based system of measurement that is used worldwide for its simplicity and consistency. It is based on units such as meters for length, grams for mass, and liters for volume. The United States, on the other hand, primarily uses the English system of measurement, which is based on units such as inches, pounds, and gallons. The metric system is favored by most countries due to its ease of use and compatibility with scientific measurements.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In 1960, an international agreement set up a system of units called the International System, or the _____________.
- A.
English system
- B.
SI system
- C.
Fundamental unit
- D.
Number system
Correct Answer
B. SI systemExplanation
In 1960, an international agreement established a system of units called the International System, or the SI system. The SI system is a globally recognized system of measurement that is used in science, industry, and everyday life. It is based on seven fundamental units, such as the meter, kilogram, and second, which provide a standardized and consistent way of measuring physical quantities. The SI system has replaced the outdated English system and has become the standard for measurement worldwide.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Because the _____________ are not always convenient, prefixes are used to change the size of a unit.
- A.
Fundamental units
- B.
Measurements
- C.
Foreign cars
- D.
Observations
Correct Answer
A. Fundamental unitsExplanation
The given question is discussing the use of prefixes to change the size of a unit. The correct answer is "fundamental units" because it implies that the base units of measurement are not always convenient and prefixes are used to modify them. This implies that fundamental units are the base units of measurement that can be modified using prefixes to represent different sizes.Rate this question:
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- 18.
One liter contains how many milliliters?
- A.
1
- B.
10
- C.
100
- D.
1000
Correct Answer
D. 1000Explanation
One liter contains 1000 milliliters. This is because the metric system is based on powers of 10, and there are 1000 milliliters in a liter. This conversion is commonly used in everyday life when dealing with liquid volumes.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is a force?
- A.
Mass
- B.
Weight
Correct Answer
B. WeightExplanation
Weight is a force because it is the force exerted by an object due to gravity. It is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object and is dependent on the mass of the object and the acceleration due to gravity. Weight is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction, and it is typically measured in units of Newtons.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which type of error occurs in the same place in the same way every time?
- A.
Random error
- B.
Systematic error
- C.
Significant figures
- D.
Uncertainty
Correct Answer
B. Systematic errorExplanation
Systematic error refers to an error that occurs consistently in the same way and at the same place every time. Unlike random errors, which vary in magnitude and direction, systematic errors are predictable and can be attributed to specific causes such as faulty equipment, calibration issues, or a flawed experimental setup. These errors can significantly impact the accuracy and reliability of measurements and must be identified and minimized to ensure the validity of scientific experiments and data analysis.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 08, 2010Quiz Created by
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