Chapter 11 Organization Of The Nervous System

The correct answer is CNS, which stands for Central Nervous System. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information in the body. The brain controls various functions such as thinking, memory, and movement, while the spinal cord relays messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

The brain and spinal cord make up the Central Nervous System (CNS). The CNS is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the senses and sending instructions to the rest of the body. It controls voluntary movements, thoughts, emotions, and other complex functions. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of the nerves that extend from the CNS to the rest of the body, while the Automatic Nervous System is a subdivision of the PNS that controls involuntary bodily functions.

The correct answer is dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater. These are the three types of meninges, which are protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is the tough outermost layer, the arachnoid membrane is the middle layer, and the pia mater is the delicate innermost layer. These layers work together to protect the central nervous system and provide support and cushioning.

The correct answer is Afferent (Sensory). Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, transmit impulses from the receptors (such as those in the skin, eyes, ears, etc.) to the central nervous system (CNS). These neurons play a crucial role in allowing us to perceive and interpret sensory information from our environment.

The correct answer is "Efferent (Motor)". This is because efferent neurons transmit impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) to the effectors, which are muscles or glands that respond to these impulses. Afferent neurons, on the other hand, transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS. The term "automatic" does not accurately describe the function of these neurons.

The correct answer is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The PNS is responsible for connecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) with the various parts of the body. It consists of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body, allowing for communication between the CNS and the limbs, organs, and other body parts. This system controls voluntary movements and also regulates involuntary functions such as digestion, heart rate, and breathing.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves that branch out and connect all body parts of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all the nerves outside of the CNS. These peripheral nerves transmit information from the sensory organs to the CNS and relay motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands in the body. Therefore, the PNS is responsible for connecting the CNS to the rest of the body and facilitating communication between them.

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating rest and digest functions in the body. It works in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the fight or flight response. When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated, it decreases organ functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, promoting relaxation and conserving energy. This is why the correct answer is the parasympathetic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary processes in the body, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. It transmits impulses to these involuntary structures, allowing them to function without conscious control. This is in contrast to the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the sympathetic nervous system, which is a part of the autonomic nervous system that activates the body's fight or flight response.

The correct answer is meninges. The meninges are the membranous coverings around the brain and the spinal cord. They consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. The meninges provide protection and support to the central nervous system.

The somatic nervous system is responsible for transmitting impulses to voluntary structures in the body. This means that it controls the movement of skeletal muscles and the sensations we perceive from our external environment. Unlike the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions, the somatic nervous system allows us to consciously control our actions and interact with the world around us. The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response in times of stress or danger.

The correct answer is Dura mater. The given explanation describes the dura mater as the outermost layer of tough and thick white, dense fibrous tissue. It mentions that the dura mater extends within the folds of the brain to support tissue and forms sinuses for venous return of blood from the brain to the heart. It also states that the dura mater surrounds the spinal cord as a strong sheath and is attached to the spinal cord at regular intervals by bands of pia mater called denticulate ligaments. The information provided aligns with the characteristics and functions of the dura mater.

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for action in stressful or dangerous situations. It increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and increases blood flow to muscles, all of which enhance organ functions. Therefore, the sympathetic nervous system is the correct answer as it directly affects and increases organ functions.

The correct answer is Arachnoid. The question is asking for the thin nonvascular fibrous tissue membrane under the dura. This describes the arachnoid membrane, which is located between the dura mater and the pia mater. The arachnoid membrane forms the middle layer of the meninges and is responsible for protecting the brain and spinal cord.

The subarachnoid space is the correct answer. It is a space filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. This space acts as a cushion, providing protection and support to the brain. The subdural space is located between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, while the meninx refers to the three layers of protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that cover the brain and spinal cord.

The pia mater is a thin and delicate membrane that is intimately attached to the brain and spinal cord. It is located between the arachnoid membrane and the brain tissue. The space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane is known as the subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The pia mater plays a crucial role in protecting and nourishing the brain and spinal cord.