Explore the fundamentals of genetics in 'Chapter 15: Genes and How They Work'. This quiz covers key concepts such as the role of genes in heredity, the structure of DNA and RNA, and the synthesis of proteins. It assesses understanding of molecular biology crucial for students and professionals in the biological sciences.
Transcription and replication
Replication and repression
Protein synthesis and replication
Mutation and cell division
Transcription and translation
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Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil
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1
2
3
16
64
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Proteins --> RNA --> DNA.
RNA --> DNA --> proteins.
DNA --> proteins --> RNA.
DNA --> RNA --> proteins.
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Nucleotides.
Complementary base pairs.
Amino acids.
Genes.
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RNA and DNA.
RNA and large proteins.
RNA and sugars.
DNA and proteins.
Nucleosomes and RNA.
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Transcription.
Translation.
Transformation.
Transference.
Translocation.
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The human insulin gene appears naturally in the bacteria.
The human insulin gene is a mutated form of a bacterial gene for bacterial insulin.
The human insulin gene was inserted into a bacterium's genome, and since the genetic code is nearly universal, the bacterium is able to produce human insulin.
The human insulin gene appears in bacteria that have been exposed to radiation treatments for diabetes.
The human insulin gene appears naturally in the bacteria that is an inhabitant of the GI tract of diabetic patients.
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MRNA molecules.
TRNA molecules.
DNA polymerase molecules.
RRNA molecules.
DNA ligase molecules.
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The plasma membrane.
The nucleus.
Ribosomes.
Lysosomes.
Microbodies.
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Anticodons.
Introns.
Exons.
Nucleosomes.
Chromomeres.
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AGC
UCG
GAU
CUA
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RNA polymerase.
DNA polymerase.
Carbonic anhydrase.
ATP synthetase.
Transformation principle.
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Anticodons.
Stop codons.
Nonsense codons.
Amino acid codons.
TRNA codons.
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ATCCGATT
TAGGCUGG
UAGCGAGG
TATCGGCC
AUCCGAUU
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Amino acids.
Nucleotides.
Proteins.
Histone molecules.
Complementary bases.
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Nucleus.
Cytoplasm.
Plasma membrane.
Golgi apparatus.
Vacuole.
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Codon.
Anticodon.
Amino acid.
Transcript.
Template.
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E site.
P site.
A site.
Active site.
Allosteric site.
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AUG CGU.
ATG CGT.
UAC GCA.
UAG CGU.
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Gene amplification.
Translation.
Transcription.
Polypeptide sequencing.
Complementary base pairing.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
A variable number.
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Cytoplasm.
Mitochondria.
ER.
Nucleus.
Plasma membrane.
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Prokaryote genes are transcribed into mRNA, which is translated immediately. Eukaryote genes contain long sequences of nucleotides that do not code for amino acids and have to be removed from the primary transcript.
Prokaryote genes are transcribed directly into a polypeptide, while eukaryote genes have mRNA and tRNA involved in polypeptide assembly.
Prokaryote genes are translated before being transcribed into mRNA. Eukaryotic genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated.
Prokaryote genes are edited of all introns before being transcribed into mRNA, while eukaryotic genes are edited after mRNA formation.
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2
3
4
16
64
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Watson and Crick.
Griffith.
Garrod.
Franklin.
Beadle and Tatum.
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3.
20.
40.
80.
Thousands.
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Exons.
Introns.
Axons.
AnRNPs (snurps.)
Spliceosome.
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Hydrogen bond.
Hydrophobic bond.
Hydrophilic bond.
Phosphodiester bond.
Peptide bond.
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DNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
MRNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
TRNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
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4
8
16
32
64
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Alternating between many chains.
Moving three nucleotides at a time on the mRNA.
Attaching amino acids in a random fashion.
Selecting the tRNA molecule that fits.
Attaching amino acids to the growing chain without charged tRNAs.
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GTP or ATP.
Any enzymes.
A primer.
A DNA template strand.
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Production of all three kinds of RNA molecules.
Production of a lipid bilayer.
Production of DNA copies.
Production of many proteins and polypeptides.
Production of all of the codons.
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Small ribosomal subunit.
Large ribosomal subunit.
MRNA.
TRNA.
DNA (the gene itself.)
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All four of the nucleotide bases must be used.
Each combination of any three nucleotides can act as a codon.
The first nucleotide in every codon is always the same.
A particular codon always specifies the same amino acid.
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A small ribosomal subunit.
MRNA.
TRNA with methionine.
A release factor.
An initiation factor.
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MRNA.
TRNA.
Ribosomes.
Amino acids.
RNA polymerase.
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The reason is that the third base pair on the tRNA allows some flexibility (wobble); thus, some tRNA anticodons can recognize more than one mRNA codon.
The reason is that some tRNA anticodons can misread some of the mRNA codons, which creates a "wobble" in the tRNA anticodons that can be repaired by RNA repair enzymes.
The reason is that the third base pair on the mRNA codon allows some flexibility (wobble); thus, some tRNA anticodons can recognize more than one mRNA codon.
The reason is that the tRNA has the flexibility to choose which mRNA codons are necessary for building the polypeptide chain.
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2
3
4
5
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An intron.
An exon.
A release factor.
An initiation factor.
An anticodon.
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Activation enzymes.
Codons.
Anticodons.
Ribosomes.
Initiation factors.
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Elongation of the transcript.
Addition of a 5' cap.
Addition of a poly A to the 3' end.
Pre-mRNA splicing.
Association with the spliceosome.
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The Poly-A polymerase enzyme.
The mRNA.
The tRNA.
The coding strand of the DNA molecule.
The template strand of the DNA molecule.
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In the cytoplasm.
At the ribosome.
In the nucleus.
At the Golgi complex.
At the initiation of transcription.
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DNA polymerase
DNA helicase
DNA gyrase
RNA ligase
RNA polymerase
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Breaking the code.
Decoding.
Transcription.
Translocation.
Translation.
Each codon specified a different amino acid.
The code of all DNA molecules is the same.
The proteins made from the coded information are always the same.
The reading of the code occurs without any punctuation.
The genetic code is the same in all organisms with no exceptions.
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