Chapter 02: Origins and Future Of Community/Public Health Nursing(Free) Nursing School Test Banks

As a result of industrialization, problems such as overcrowding and disease developed. Industrialization led to rapid urbanization, with people moving from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities. This led to overcrowding in cities, as the infrastructure was not equipped to handle such a large influx of people. Additionally, the poor living conditions in overcrowded areas, lack of sanitation, and exposure to pollution and hazardous working conditions in factories contributed to the spread of diseases. Thus, industrialization brought about these problems as a consequence of rapid urbanization and inadequate living conditions.

Florence Nightingale did not establish population-based objectives or use statistics to show a decrease in the death rate. She is known for her work in nursing and improving sanitation in hospitals, but she did not focus on population-based objectives or statistical analysis. Therefore, the given answer is incorrect.

The reason for the initial development of the specialty nursing practice in schools was that in-school treatment reduced absenteeism. By having a nurse available on-site, students could receive immediate medical attention for minor illnesses or injuries, allowing them to return to class more quickly. This reduced the number of missed school days due to illness and ultimately improved overall attendance rates.

Nightingale demonstrated the effectiveness of providing nursing care to soldiers by using biostatistics to demonstrate a decline in death rates. This means that she collected and analyzed data on the number of deaths among soldiers before and after implementing nursing care. By showing that the death rates decreased after the implementation of nursing care, Nightingale provided evidence that nursing care was effective in improving the health and well-being of soldiers.

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Clara Barton is primarily known for helping found the American branch of the Red Cross. She played a crucial role in establishing the organization and was its first president. Barton's efforts in providing humanitarian aid during times of war and disaster earned her recognition and respect. She dedicated her life to helping others and her work with the Red Cross has had a lasting impact on the field of humanitarianism.

The correct answer is b. Describes care provided by nongovernmental employees. In this context, "community-based" refers to care that is provided by individuals or organizations that are not affiliated with the government. This could include private clinics, nonprofit organizations, or other healthcare providers that operate independently from government institutions.

During the 1860s in England, the role of a district nurse was closely tied to the community and often involved working closely with local institutions. The church played a significant role in the community during that time, and the nurse would likely have interacted with the church clergy. The church clergy would have been involved in providing spiritual support and guidance to the community, and the nurse may have collaborated with them to address the healthcare needs of the people.

The correct answer is b. Limited resources for managing bioterrorism and day-to-day expenses. In a discussion on disaster planning and bioterrorism preparedness, it is important to address the issue of limited resources. This includes managing the expenses associated with bioterrorism response as well as balancing these expenses with day-to-day public health operations. It is crucial for the county board of health to understand the financial constraints and challenges they may face in order to effectively plan and allocate resources for bioterrorism preparedness.

The passage of the Medicare and Medicaid legislation in 1965 decreased the separation between government funding and private physicians. This means that the government started providing funding for healthcare services, which was previously a responsibility of private physicians. This legislation allowed for more government intervention and involvement in healthcare, bridging the gap between public and private sectors.

Both nursing and public health have always been most concerned with the social and physical environments of the population being served. This is because these factors greatly impact the health and well-being of individuals and communities. Nurses and public health professionals work to address social determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, education, housing, and employment, as well as physical determinants, such as air and water quality, sanitation, and safety. By addressing these aspects, nursing and public health aim to improve the overall health outcomes and quality of life for the population.

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John Snow was the first person to recognize the importance of the environment by noting that cholera rates were much higher among persons who drank water from a particular well. He conducted a study during the 1854 cholera outbreak in London and mapped the cases of cholera, ultimately identifying a contaminated water pump as the source of the disease. His findings challenged the prevailing theory of miasma (airborne transmission) and laid the foundation for modern epidemiology and the understanding of waterborne diseases.

The nurse's primary concern would be to assure a sufficient standard of living for clients in the community. This means ensuring that clients have access to basic necessities such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare. By addressing these social determinants of health, the nurse can help improve the overall well-being and quality of life for individuals in the community. Collecting and analyzing data, providing direct care, and assisting clients in adapting to their circumstances are important aspects of the nurse's role, but assuring a sufficient standard of living is the primary concern in this context.

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The nurse would advocate for the availability of third-party reimbursement to advanced-practice nurses under Medicare and Medicaid. This would help to ensure that advanced-practice nurses are able to provide their services to patients and receive appropriate reimbursement for their work. This would also help to increase access to healthcare services for individuals who rely on Medicare and Medicaid for their healthcare coverage.

C. E. A. Winslow emphasized that public health must be concerned with the standard of living of citizens. This means that public health should not only focus on preventing and treating diseases but also on improving the overall well-being of individuals by addressing social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to health disparities. Winslow's emphasis on the standard of living highlights the importance of addressing social determinants of health and promoting health equity.

In the 1900s, the nurse would have been considered part of the golden age of public health because this was the time when pasteurization of milk and public water and sewage systems began. These advancements in sanitation and hygiene greatly improved public health and reduced the spread of diseases. It was a significant step towards preventing the transmission of infections and improving overall community health.

The goal of striving for social betterment aligns with the role of a community/public health nurse working for a local health department. This goal involves addressing social determinants of health, advocating for health equity, and working towards improving the overall well-being of the community. It goes beyond individual care and focuses on creating positive social change and improving the health and well-being of the entire population.