Chapter 5: Newton's Third Law Of Motion, Action And Reaction

When a karate chop delivers a blow of 3000 N to a board that breaks, the force that acts on the hand during this event is 3000 N. This is because according to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. So, the force exerted on the board (3000 N) is also exerted back on the hand, resulting in a force of 3000 N acting on the hand.

The Earth is attracted toward the person with a force of 500 N. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the person is attracted towards the center of the Earth with a gravitational force of 500 N, and as a result, the Earth is attracted towards the person with an equal force of 500 N.

When a player hits a ball with a bat, the action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the reaction to the action force of the bat hitting the ball is the force that the ball exerts on the bat.

When a player catches a ball, the impact of the ball against the player's glove is the action force. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the reaction force to the impact of the ball against the player's glove is the force that the glove exerts on the ball. This force allows the player to catch and hold onto the ball securely. The other options mentioned, such as the player's grip on the glove, friction of the ground against the player's shoes, and muscular effort in the player's arms, are not directly related to the reaction force in this scenario.

When a baseball player bats a ball with a force of 1000 N, the reaction force that the ball exerts against the bat is also 1000 N. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the force exerted by the ball on the bat is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force exerted by the bat on the ball.

In a tug-of-war, the force exerted on the rope by each participant is equal and opposite. This is due to Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the force exerted by Arnold on one end of the rope is balanced by the force exerted by Suzie on the other end. As a result, the forces are equal and the correct answer is "both the same, interestingly enough".

The explanation for the given correct answer is that according to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, Earth pulling on the moon and the moon pulling on Earth are two forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. This demonstrates an action-reaction pair, where the action is the pull of Earth on the moon and the reaction is the pull of the moon on Earth.

When two objects collide, the impact force depends on the mass and velocity of the objects involved. In this scenario, the automobile and the baby carriage are traveling at the same speed, which means they have the same velocity. However, the automobile has a much larger mass compared to the baby carriage. Since the impact force is directly proportional to mass and velocity, and the velocity is the same for both objects, the larger mass of the automobile will result in an equal but opposite force being exerted on both objects during the collision. Therefore, the impact force is the same for both the automobile and the baby carriage.

When an archer shoots an arrow, the action force is the bowstring pushing against the arrow. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the reaction to this force is the arrow's push against the bowstring. This means that as the bowstring pushes the arrow forward, the arrow pushes back against the bowstring with an equal force, propelling it forward.

The statement "for an action force, there must be a reaction force that is exactly equal in magnitude" is based on Newton's third law of motion. According to this law, every action has an equal and opposite reaction. This means that when one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force back on the first object that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Therefore, the reaction force must be exactly equal in magnitude to the action force.

According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the car strikes the bug, the bug exerts a force on the car, and the car exerts an equal and opposite force on the bug. Therefore, the force of impact is the same for both the bug and the car.

As the ball falls, the action force is the pull of Earth on the ball. This is due to the force of gravity, which attracts objects towards the center of the Earth. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the reaction force in this scenario is the pull of the ball's mass on the Earth. This means that while the Earth pulls the ball downwards, the ball also exerts an equal and opposite force on the Earth, although it may not be as noticeable due to the Earth's much larger mass.

The tissue paper is very delicate and lightweight, while the heavyweight champion's punch is extremely powerful. The force exerted by the punch would be much greater than the delicate tissue paper can handle, causing it to tear or crumple. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that the heavyweight champion could exert a force of 50 N on the tissue paper without damaging it.

The force exerted on the tires of a car to directly accelerate it along a road is exerted by the road itself. When the car's tires push against the road, the road pushes back with an equal and opposite force, known as the normal force. This normal force allows the tires to grip the road and propel the car forward. The engine provides the power to overcome friction and other resistive forces, but the force that directly accelerates the car comes from the road.

When two people are pulling on a rope in opposite directions with equal force, the tension in the rope is equal to the force applied by one person. In this case, each person is pulling with 400 N of force, so the tension in the rope is also 400 N.

In order to stop a vehicle, a force equal to its momentum change per unit of time needs to be applied. The momentum of the vehicle is given by the product of its mass and velocity. Since the mass of the vehicle is not provided, we cannot directly calculate the force. However, we know that weight is equal to mass times gravity. Therefore, the weight of the vehicle on Earth is equal to its mass times the acceleration due to gravity. Since the weight is given as 4000 N, we can assume that the mass of the vehicle is 400 kg. Using the formula for momentum, we can calculate the initial momentum of the vehicle. Dividing this momentum by the given time of 20 seconds, we find that a force of 200 N is required to stop the vehicle. Therefore, the correct answer is 4000 N.

When a person's body is attracted towards the Earth, there is an equal and opposite reaction according to Newton's third law of motion. This means that the person's body exerts a force on the Earth, pulling it towards them. Therefore, the correct answer is "the person's body pulling on the Earth."

The Volkswagen will undergo the greatest change in velocity because it has a smaller mass compared to the Mack truck. According to Newton's second law of motion, the force experienced by an object is directly proportional to its mass and acceleration. In a head-on collision, both vehicles experience the same force, but the smaller mass of the Volkswagen means that it will accelerate more compared to the larger and heavier Mack truck. Therefore, the Volkswagen will undergo a greater change in velocity.

The correct answer is none of these. The reaction to the force of the Earth's attraction on the skydiver is the skydiver exerting an equal and opposite force on the Earth, according to Newton's third law of motion. The options provided in the question, such as air resistance, water resistance, and attraction to other celestial bodies, do not represent the reaction force to the Earth's attraction on the skydiver.

The heavier person slides a distance of 4 m. This can be explained by Newton's second law of motion, which states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. In a tug-of-war, the net force is determined by the difference in force applied by each person. Since the heavier person has twice the mass, they exert a greater force. As a result, the heavier person accelerates in the direction of the lighter person, sliding a greater distance before they meet.

In outer space, where there is no friction or resistance, an object will continue to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. The force required to stop the vehicle can be found using Newton's second law, which states that force is equal to mass times acceleration. Since the vehicle's mass is not given, it can be assumed to be constant. The acceleration required to stop the vehicle can be found using the equation acceleration = change in velocity / time. In this case, the change in velocity is 400 m/s (the initial velocity) and the time is 800 seconds. Therefore, the force required to stop the vehicle is 400 m/s divided by 800 seconds, which equals 0.5 N. Since the force required to stop the vehicle is 20 N, it will take 800 seconds to stop the vehicle by applying a constant force of 20 N.

The faulty reasoning in this scenario is assuming that the horizontal velocity of the bird (30 km/s) would affect the vertical distance the worm would be from the bird when it reaches the ground. However, according to Newton's first law of motion, an object in motion will continue moving with the same velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, the bird's horizontal velocity does not affect the vertical distance traveled by the worm.