Burton's Microbiology Chapter 8: Trivia Quiz!

This is an example of differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior because the teacher is providing a reward (5 bonus points) for the students in Group A if they are able to complete their lab assignment with no more than three requests for assistance. The goal is to decrease the behavior of seeking assistance frequently by reinforcing the behavior of seeking assistance at a lower rate.

The correct answer is sensory extinction. In this scenario, the IEP team decided to use hand weights to make the hand flapping behavior more difficult for Elijah. This is a form of sensory extinction, which involves removing or reducing the sensory reinforcement that maintains a behavior. By making the hand flapping behavior less satisfying or rewarding, the goal is to decrease or extinguish the behavior over time.

Overcorrection is considered a form of an aversive stimulus because it involves the individual engaging in an excessive corrective behavior following an undesirable behavior. This excessive correction serves as a punishment and is intended to eliminate the undesired behavior by making the individual engage in a more appropriate behavior repetitively. It is a form of positive punishment where the aversive stimulus is the excessive corrective behavior.

Jerry being taught to point to a picture to communicate his hunger instead of pushing materials off his desk is considered the least intrusive strategy for reducing behavior. This approach focuses on teaching Jerry an alternative, appropriate behavior to meet his needs, rather than punishing or removing privileges. By providing him with a communication tool, Jerry can express his hunger without resorting to disruptive or destructive behavior. This strategy promotes positive behavior change while respecting Jerry's autonomy and dignity.

Spontaneous recovery refers to the possible reappearance of an extinguished behavior. This means that after a behavior has been successfully extinguished through the removal of reinforcement, there is still a chance for the behavior to resurface on its own, without any further reinforcement. This phenomenon suggests that even though a behavior may appear to be completely eliminated, it can still reemerge under certain circumstances.

Positive practice is a procedure where a person is required to practice a correct behavior or action as a consequence of their inappropriate behavior. In this scenario, Jose left his trash on the table after lunch and his teacher responded by having him pick up the trash left behind at each table. This is an example of positive practice because Jose is being made to practice the correct behavior of cleaning up after himself as a consequence of his inappropriate behavior of leaving the trash behind.

Physical restraint is considered a conditioned aversive stimulus because it is a form of punishment that has been learned through conditioning. This means that over time, the individual has associated physical restraint with negative consequences, causing it to become aversive. The use of physical restraint as a means of control or discipline is often seen as a form of punishment that is intended to deter certain behaviors through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Restitutional overcorrection is a type of punishment where an individual is required to engage in an excessive or exaggerated form of behavior to make amends for their actions. In this case, Mr. Hughes is sentenced to picking up trash on the side of the road for an entire weekend, which is an excessive form of punishment for emptying his ashtray on the roadway. This punishment aims to teach Mr. Hughes a lesson by making him experience the consequences of his actions in a more intense manner.

Positive-practice overcorrection is an educational procedure where individuals are required to practice a correct behavior repeatedly, often in an exaggerated or excessive manner, to correct an incorrect behavior. In this scenario, Coach Reeve's team continually forgot to pass the ball at center court, so he had them practice passing the ball at center court for 15 minutes. By repeatedly practicing the correct behavior, the players are more likely to remember and execute it correctly in the future.

Negative practice is a behavior modification technique that aims to reduce an undesirable behavior by having the individual repeatedly engage in the behavior, but in an exaggerated or incorrect manner. In this scenario, Justin's teacher is using negative practice by having him repeatedly jump off the chair, which is the behavior the teacher wants to reduce. By doing this, the teacher is hoping that Justin will become less interested in jumping off chairs due to the negative experience associated with it.