Chapter 9 Final Study Guide

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this is chapter 9 final study guide for biology

Questions and Answers

1.

Most genes come in alternative forms called_____. A diploid individual with two identical versions of a gene is said to be ____ while an individual with two different versions of a gene is said to be _____.

Explanation
Genes can exist in different forms called alleles. When an individual has two identical versions of a gene, they are referred to as homozygous, meaning they have two of the same alleles for that gene. On the other hand, when an individual has two different versions of a gene, they are referred to as heterozygous, meaning they have two different alleles for that gene.

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2.

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its _____, whiel the physical traits of an organism are called its _____.

Explanation
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which includes the specific combination of genes and alleles that an organism possesses. It determines the potential traits that an organism can have. On the other hand, phenotype refers to the physical characteristics and traits that are actually expressed by an organism as a result of its genotype interacting with the environment. Phenotype is observable and includes traits such as eye color, height, and behavior.

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3.

Edward was found to be heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle- cell trait. The alleles represented by the letters S and s are
- A.
  
  On the X and Y chromosomes
- B.
  
  Linked
- C.
  
  On homologous chromosomes
- D.
  
  Both present in each of Edward's sperm cell
Correct Answer
C. On homologous chromosomes

Explanation
The alleles represented by the letters S and s are on homologous chromosomes. This means that each chromosome in a pair carries one of the alleles. In Edward's case, he has one chromosome with the S allele and another chromosome with the s allele. This is why he is heterozygous for the sickle-cell trait.

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4.

Whether an allele is dominant or recessive depends on
- A.
  
  How common the allele is, relative to other alleles.
- B.
  
  Whether it is inherited from the mother or the father.
- C.
  
  Whether is or another allele determines the phenotype when both are present.
- D.
  
  Whether or not it is linked to other genes.
Correct Answer
C. Whether is or another allele determines the pHenotype when both are present.

Explanation
The correct answer is whether is or another allele determines the phenotype when both are present. This is because the phenotype, or the observable trait, is determined by the interaction between alleles. In some cases, one allele may be dominant and its trait will be expressed even if the other allele is present. In other cases, both alleles may contribute to the phenotype, resulting in a blended or intermediate trait. The dominance or recessiveness of an allele is therefore determined by how it interacts with another allele in determining the phenotype.

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5.

Two fruit flies with eyes of the usual red color are crossed, and their offspring are as follows: 77 red- eyed males, 152 red- eyed females. The gene that controls whether eyes are red r ruby is _____ and the allele for ruby is _____.

Correct Answer
sex-linked, recessive

Explanation
In this question, the offspring of the fruit flies have red eyes, which is the usual color. This suggests that red eyes are the dominant trait. Since the question mentions that the gene controlling eye color is sex-linked, it means that the gene is located on the sex chromosomes. In this case, the allele for ruby eyes, which is the recessive trait, must be located on the sex chromosome as well. Therefore, the correct answer is sex-linked, recessive.

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6.

All the offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. The simplest explanation for this pattern of inheritane is
- A.
  
  Pleiotropy
- B.
  
  Sex linkage
- C.
  
  Codominance
- D.
  
  Incomplete dominance
Correct Answer
D. Incomplete dominance

Explanation
Incomplete dominance is the simplest explanation for the pattern of inheritance in which all the offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. In incomplete dominance, neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a blending or intermediate phenotype. In this case, the white allele and the black allele are not fully dominant, leading to the gray phenotype in the offspring.

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7.

A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotypes?
- A.
  
  A, B, or O
- B.
  
  AB only
- C.
  
  AB or O
- D.
  
  A, B, AB, or O
Correct Answer
D. A, B, AB, or O

Explanation
A man with type B blood has genotype BB, while a woman with type A blood has genotype AA. When they have children, their genotypes can combine in various ways. The possible combinations are: AA (type A), AB (type AB), BB (type B), or AO (type A). Therefore, the couple can have children with phenotypes A, B, AB, or O.

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Chapter 9 Final Study Guide

Most genes come in alternative forms called_. A diploid individual with two identical versions of a gene is said to be while an individual with two different versions of a gene is said to be _.

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its _, whiel the physical traits of an organism are called its _.

Edward was found to be heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle- cell trait. The alleles represented by the letters S and s are

Whether an allele is dominant or recessive depends on

Two fruit flies with eyes of the usual red color are crossed, and their offspring are as follows: 77 red- eyed males, 152 red- eyed females. The gene that controls whether eyes are red r ruby is _ and the allele for ruby is _.

All the offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. The simplest explanation for this pattern of inheritane is

A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotypes?

Chapter 9 Final Study Guide

Most genes come in alternative forms called_____. A diploid individual with two identical versions of a gene is said to be ____ while an individual with two different versions of a gene is said to be _____.

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its _____, whiel the physical traits of an organism are called its _____.

Edward was found to be heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle- cell trait. The alleles represented by the letters S and s are

Whether an allele is dominant or recessive depends on

Two fruit flies with eyes of the usual red color are crossed, and their offspring are as follows: 77 red- eyed males, 152 red- eyed females. The gene that controls whether eyes are red r ruby is _____ and the allele for ruby is _____.

All the offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. The simplest explanation for this pattern of inheritane is

A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotypes?

Most genes come in alternative forms called_. A diploid individual with two identical versions of a gene is said to be while an individual with two different versions of a gene is said to be _.

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its _, whiel the physical traits of an organism are called its _.

Two fruit flies with eyes of the usual red color are crossed, and their offspring are as follows: 77 red- eyed males, 152 red- eyed females. The gene that controls whether eyes are red r ruby is _ and the allele for ruby is _.