Clinical Nutrition - Qp16

Explanation
Stress is classified as a syndrome rather than a state of mind or a disease. A syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular condition. Stress is not just a single symptom or a mental state, but rather a collection of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that arise in response to external pressures or demands. These symptoms may include increased heart rate, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Therefore, stress is appropriately categorized as a syndrome.

Explanation
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It is responsible for stimulating the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. Therefore, ACTH is carried to the adrenal glands to trigger the release of cortisol and other hormones that are important for regulating the body's response to stress, metabolism, and immune function.

Explanation
Stage 3 of stress is known as the exhaustion stage, where the body's resources are depleted due to prolonged exposure to stress. During this stage, the immune system weakens, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses. Therefore, most illnesses are likely to occur during stage 3 of stress.

Explanation
When adrenaline is released, it causes vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the skin and makes it feel cool to the touch. Adrenaline also stimulates the bladder, leading to a desire to urinate. Additionally, adrenaline increases the respiratory rate, resulting in rapid breathing.

Explanation
The behavioural symptoms of long-term stress include defensiveness, drumming fingers, and increased absenteeism. Defensiveness is a common response to stress, as individuals may become more guarded and sensitive to criticism. Drumming fingers can be a sign of restlessness and anxiety, often seen in individuals experiencing ongoing stress. Increased absenteeism is another behavioural symptom, as chronic stress can lead to exhaustion and a decreased ability to cope with work or daily responsibilities.

Explanation
Eating too much sugar can make your blood sugar level unbalanced because when you consume excessive amounts of sugar, it gets rapidly absorbed into your bloodstream, causing a spike in blood glucose levels. This triggers the release of insulin to help regulate the sugar levels, but if this process occurs frequently, it can lead to insulin resistance and eventually diabetes. Additionally, consuming too much sugar can also contribute to weight gain and obesity, which are risk factors for developing insulin resistance and diabetes.

Explanation
ACTH stands for Adreno corticotrophic hormone. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the production and release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. It stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol in response to stress. Therefore, the statement "ACTH stands for Adreno corticotrophic hormone" is true.

Explanation
The body's physical reaction to stress is commonly referred to as the alarm reaction. This response is triggered by the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which prepares the body for a fight-or-flight response. The alarm reaction includes various physiological changes, such as increased heart rate, heightened senses, and a surge of energy. Therefore, the statement "When the body reacts to stress physically, this is known as the alarm reaction" is true.

Explanation
Fructose is the correct answer because it is the natural sugar found in fruits. It is a simple sugar that is easily digested and absorbed by the body. Fructose provides sweetness to fruits and is a key component of their flavor. It is also commonly used as a sweetener in processed foods and beverages.

Explanation
The statement is true because PTH does indeed stand for parathormone. Parathormone is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. It plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health and ensuring proper functioning of the nervous and muscular systems. Therefore, the correct answer is true.