Coronary Artery Disease By Rnpedia
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
There are a number of risk factors associated with coronary artery disease. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor?
- A.
Obesity.
- B.
Heredity.
- C.
Gender.
- D.
Age.
Correct Answer
A. Obesity.Explanation
Obesity is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease that can be modified by improved diet and weight loss. Family history of coronary artery disease, male gender, and advancing age increase risk but cannot be modified.Rate this question:
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- 2.
When teaching a client with coronary artery disease about nutrition, the nurse should emphasize
- A.
Eating 3 balanced meals a day
- B.
Adding complex carbohydrates
- C.
Avoiding very heavy meals
- D.
Limiting sodium to 7 gms per day
Correct Answer
C. Avoiding very heavy mealsExplanation
Avoiding very heavy meals eating large, heavy meals can pull blood away from the heart for digestion and is dangerous for the client with coronary artery disease.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A client with pneumonia is receiving supplemental oxygen, 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The client’s history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. Because of these findings, the nurse closely monitors the oxygen flow and the client’s respiratory status. Which complication may arise if the client receives a high oxygen concentration?
- A.
Apnea
- B.
Anginal pain
- C.
Respiratory alkalosis
- D.
Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer
A. ApneaExplanation
Hypoxia is the main breathing stimulus for a client with COPD. Excessive oxygen administration may lead to apnea by removing that stimulus. Anginal pain results from a reduced myocardial oxygen supply. A client with COPD may have anginal pain from generalized vasoconstriction secondary to hypoxia; however, administering oxygen at any concentration dilates blood vessels, easing anginal pain. Respiratory alkalosis results from alveolar hyperventilation, not excessive oxygen administration. In a client with COPD, high oxygen concentrations decrease the ventilatory drive, leading to respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. High oxygen concentrations don’t cause metabolic acidosis.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following illnesses is the leading cause of death in the US?
- A.
Cancer
- B.
Coronary artery disease
- C.
Liver failure
- D.
Renal failure
Correct Answer
B. Coronary artery diseaseExplanation
Coronary artery disease accounts for over 50% of all deaths in the US. Cancer accounts for approximately 20%. Liver failure and renal failure account for less than 10% of all deaths in the US.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Medical treatment of coronary artery disease includes which of the following procedures?
- A.
Cardiac catheterization
- B.
Coronary artery bypass surgery
- C.
Oral medication administration
- D.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Correct Answer
C. Oral medication administrationExplanation
Oral medication administration is a noninvasive, medical treatment for coronary artery disease. Cardiac catheterization isn't a treatment but a diagnostic tool. Coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are invasive, surgical treatments.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following diagnostic tools is most commonly used to determine the location of myocardial damage?
- A.
Cardiac catheterization
- B.
Cardiac enzymes
- C.
Echocardiogram
- D.
Electrocardiogram
Correct Answer
D. ElectrocardiogramExplanation
The ECG is the quickest, most accurate, and most widely used tool to determine the location of myocardial infarction. Cardiac enzymes are used to diagnose MI but can’t determine the location. An echocardiogram is used most widely to view myocardial wall function after an MI has been diagnosed. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive study for determining coronary artery disease and may also indicate the location of myocardial damage, but the study may not be performed immediately.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A male client admitted to an acute care facility with pneumonia is receiving supplemental oxygen, 2 L/minute via nasal cannula. The client’s history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. Because of these history findings, the nurse closely monitors the oxygen flow and the client’s respiratory status. Which complication may arise if the client receives a high oxygen concentration?
- A.
Apnea
- B.
Anginal pain
- C.
Respiratory alkalosis
- D.
Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer
A. ApneaExplanation
Hypoxia is the main breathing stimulus for a client with COPD. Excessive oxygen administration may lead to apnea by removing that stimulus. Anginal pain results from a reduced myocardial oxygen supply. A client with COPD may have anginal pain from generalized vasoconstriction secondary to hypoxia; however, administering oxygen at any concentration dilates blood vessels, easing anginal pain. Respiratory alkalosis results from alveolar hyperventilation, not excessive oxygen administration. In a client with COPD, high oxygen concentrations decrease the ventilatory drive, leading to respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. High oxygen concentrations don’t cause metabolic acidosis.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Preventable factors that increase the risk of CAD include:
- A.
High blood cholesterol levels
- B.
Use of personal protective equipment
- C.
Cigarette smoking
- D.
Obesity
- E.
Exposure to polyacrylamide
Correct Answer(s)
A. High blood cholesterol levels
C. Cigarette smoking
D. ObesityExplanation
The answer includes the factors that have been identified as preventable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). High blood cholesterol levels contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to CAD. Cigarette smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of developing CAD. Obesity is associated with various cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes, which increase the likelihood of CAD. Therefore, the answer accurately identifies the preventable factors that increase the risk of CAD.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Women in the lower socioeconomic group have the highest contribution to CAD related events for their gender.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because it states that women in the lower socioeconomic group have the highest contribution to CAD related events for their gender. However, there is no evidence or data provided to support this claim. Without any supporting information, it is not possible to conclude that women in the lower socioeconomic group have the highest contribution to CAD related events. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which is a symptom of coronary artery disease?
- A.
Headache
- B.
Sleep problems
- C.
Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms or lower jaw
- D.
Diarrhea
Correct Answer
C. Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms or lower jawExplanation
Healthy arteries are smooth and flexible. In a person with CAD, the arteries are narrowed with a buildup of plaque. Blood cannot flow as easily through diseased arteries. When blood flow is restricted to the heart, the heart muscle cannot get enough oxygen and pain or discomfort occurs. This pain or discomfort, which can be felt in the chest, arms or lower jaw, is called angina. Sometimes, the blood flow in the narrowed arteries is blocked completely by a clot. If this happens, the heart muscle cannot get oxygen and the person suffers a heart attack. The area of the heart affected by the blockage dies and becomes scar tissue.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which procedure or test is used to diagnose CAD?
- A.
Electrocardiogram
- B.
Treadmill stress test
- C.
Cardiac catheterization
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows the heart's electrical activity. An ECG is used to find out if a heart attack has occurred. It also shows which parts of the heart muscle may not be getting enough blood. The treadmill stress test also helps determine how blood is flowing through your arteries. It shows how your heart and body respond electrically during exercise. A radioactive dye may be injected into your bloodstream so that an X-ray camera can see the blood flow during the test. The main tool for diagnosing coronary artery disease, however, is cardiac catheterization and angiography. A dye is injected through a catheter placed in the coronary arteries and an X-ray is taken of the outline of the artery. This test can pinpoint where the arteries are narrowed or even blocked. CAD may be diagnosed using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cardiac computed tomography, which uses an X-ray machine to take detailed pictures of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 12.
One possible treatment for CAD is coronary angioplasty. What does it involve?
- A.
A new section of artery replaces the blocked section
- B.
A tiny balloon is inflated inside an artery
- C.
Medication is used to expand the artery
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. A tiny balloon is inflated inside an arteryExplanation
It is also called balloon angioplasty. The balloon is placed in the artery by means of a fine tube called a catheter. The catheter usually is inserted into a blood vessel in an elbow or groin and travels to the heart. Once the end of the catheter reaches the blockage, the balloon is inflated and deflated several times to push the plaque against the artery wall and open and stretch the artery, the NHLBI says. This stretching helps improve the flow of blood through the artery. A variation on this procedure uses a laser instead of a balloon. The laser vaporizes plaque in an artery. Laser angioplasty has been used alone and along with balloon angioplasty. Because of advances in other techniques, however, it is not used as often. Angioplasty also can be used to open an artery in an arm, leg or neck. There are several benefits to angioplasty. It opens up an artery without the risks associated with major surgery. It retains the original artery instead of replacing it, as is done in bypass surgery. And it does not require general anesthesia.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD?
- A.
Atherosclerosis
- B.
DM
- C.
MI
- D.
Renal failure
Correct Answer
A. AtherosclerosisExplanation
Atherosclerosis, or plaque formation, is the leading cause of CAD. DM is a risk factor for CAD but isn't the most common cause. Renal failure doesn't cause CAD, but the two conditions are related. Myocardial infarction is commonly a result of CAD.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?
- A.
Plaques obstruct the vein
- B.
Plaques obstruct the artery
- C.
Blood clots form outside the vessel wall
- D.
Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through
Correct Answer
B. Plaques obstruct the arteryExplanation
Arteries, not veins, supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients. Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the artery. Hardened vessels can't dilate properly and, therefore, constrict blood flow.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected?
- A.
Cigarette smoking
- B.
DM
- C.
Heredity
- D.
HPN
Correct Answer
C. HeredityExplanation
Because "heredity" refers to our genetic makeup, it can't be changed. Cigarette smoking cessation is a lifestyle change that involves behavior modification. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor that can be controlled with diet, exercise, and medication. Altering one's diet, exercise, and medication can correct hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Exceeding which of the following serum cholesterol levels significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease?
- A.
100 mg/dl
- B.
150 mg/dl
- C.
175 mg/dl
- D.
200 mg/dl
Correct Answer
D. 200 mg/dlExplanation
Cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl are considered excessive. They require dietary restriction and perhaps medication. Exercise also helps reduce cholesterol levels. The other levels listed are all below the nationally accepted levels for cholesterol and carry a lesser risk for CAD.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following actions is the first priority care for a client exhibiting signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease?
- A.
Decrease anxiety
- B.
Enhance myocardial oxygenation
- C.
Administer sublignual nitroglycerin
- D.
Educate the client about his symptoms
Correct Answer
B. Enhance myocardial oxygenationExplanation
Enhancing mocardial oxygenation is always the first priority when a client exhibits signs and symptoms of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygen, the myocardium suffers damage. Sublingual nitorglycerin is administered to treat acute angina, but its administration isn't the first priority. Although educating the client and decreasing anxiety are important in care delivery, nether are priorities when a client is compromised.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Prolonged occlusion of the right coronary artery produces an infarction in which of he following areas of the heart?
- A.
Anterior
- B.
Apical
- C.
Inferior
- D.
Lateral
Correct Answer
C. InferiorExplanation
The right coronary artery supplies the right ventricle, or the inferior portion of the heart. Therefore, prolonged occlusion could produce an infarction in that area. The right coronary artery doesn't supply the anterior portion ( left ventricle ), lateral portion ( some of the left ventricle and the left atrium ), or the apical portion ( left ventricle ) of the heart.Rate this question:
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Sep 18, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 18, 2013Quiz Created by
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