1.
According to general consensus, which of the following companies won the mainframe battle of the first electronic computer generation?
Correct Answer
A. A. IBM
Explanation
During the first electronic computer generation, IBM emerged as the winner of the mainframe battle. This is supported by the general consensus among experts and industry professionals. IBM's dominance in the mainframe market during this time period solidified its position as a leader in the computer industry.
2.
Using the Berners-Lee protocols, Marc Andreesen created the browser that had the most impact beyond the walls of academia: ____.
Correct Answer
C. C. Mosaic
Explanation
Marc Andreesen created the browser called Mosaic using the Berners-Lee protocols. Mosaic was the browser that had the most impact beyond the walls of academia.
3.
ENIAC was a functioning and useful computer that could perform both arithmetic and ____ operations.
Correct Answer
D. D. logical
Explanation
ENIAC was a functioning and useful computer that could perform both arithmetic and logical operations. This means that in addition to being able to perform mathematical calculations, ENIAC was also capable of executing logical operations such as comparisons, conditional statements, and boolean operations. These logical operations allowed ENIAC to make decisions and perform tasks based on certain conditions or inputs, making it a versatile and powerful computer for its time.
4.
Which of the following technologies made electronic computing possible?
Correct Answer
C.
c.vacuum tubes
Explanation
Vacuum tubes made electronic computing possible. Vacuum tubes were one of the earliest electronic components used in computers. They acted as amplifiers and switches, allowing for the manipulation and processing of electronic signals. Vacuum tube technology paved the way for the development of early computers, enabling them to perform calculations and store information electronically. This technology was later replaced by transistors and integrated circuits, but it was a crucial step in the evolution of electronic computing.
5.
The loose collection of networks called “the Internet” is the short form of which of the following words?
Correct Answer
A.
a.internetwork
Explanation
The correct answer is "a.internetwork". The term "internetwork" refers to a loose collection of networks that are interconnected to form the Internet. It is a combination of the words "inter" (meaning between or among) and "network" (referring to a group of interconnected devices). Therefore, "internetwork" accurately describes the structure and nature of the Internet.
6.
Based on low cost, available source code, and reputed reliability, which of the following operating systems presents the greatest competitive threat to Windows?
Correct Answer
C. C.Linux
Explanation
Linux presents the greatest competitive threat to Windows based on its low cost, available source code, and reputed reliability. Linux is known for being a free and open-source operating system, making it a cost-effective option compared to Windows. Additionally, the availability of its source code allows for customization and modification, attracting a large community of developers. Linux is also known for its stability and security, making it a reliable alternative to Windows. Therefore, Linux is the correct answer.
7.
In 1823 ____ invented a mechanical device that did addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of 6-digit numbers.
Correct Answer
C. C.Charles Babbage
Explanation
Charles Babbage is the correct answer because he is known for inventing the mechanical device called the "Difference Engine" in the 1820s. The Difference Engine was capable of performing calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of 6-digit numbers. Babbage's invention laid the foundation for modern computers and is considered a significant contribution to the field of computing.
8.
In its antitrust suit with the government, Microsoft claimed which of the following programs was an integral part of the operating system?
Correct Answer
B. B.Internet Explorer
Explanation
Microsoft claimed that Internet Explorer was an integral part of the operating system in its antitrust suit with the government.
9.
Both the Jacquard loom and the player piano had a “____”.
Correct Answer
A.
a.stored program
Explanation
Both the Jacquard loom and the player piano had a "stored program" because they were both early examples of machines that could be programmed to carry out specific tasks. The Jacquard loom used punched cards to control the patterns woven into fabric, while the player piano used perforated paper rolls to control the notes played. In both cases, the machine followed a predetermined set of instructions, or a "stored program," to carry out its tasks.
10.
Which of the following war-time activities caused the U.S. Navy Board of Ordinance to sponsor the development of the first modern electronic computer?
Correct Answer
C. C.weapons development
Explanation
The correct answer is c. weapons development. During wartime, the development of new and more advanced weapons becomes crucial. The U.S. Navy Board of Ordnance sponsored the development of the first modern electronic computer to aid in the design and testing of new weapons. This computer would have been used to perform complex calculations and simulations that were necessary for weapons development.
11.
The integration of Internet Explorer with the dominant Windows operating system was the turning point in what came to be known as the “____”.
Correct Answer
B. B.browser wars
Explanation
The integration of Internet Explorer with the dominant Windows operating system sparked intense competition between different web browsers, leading to what is now known as the "browser wars". This refers to the period of intense rivalry and innovation among browser companies, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, and later on, Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. During this time, companies competed for market share and dominance in the browser market, resulting in rapid advancements in browser technology and features.
12.
In Western society, you can probably credit the 1622 invention of the ____as the beginning of the solution of complex mathematical problems by mechanical devices with moving parts.
Correct Answer
B. B.slide rule
Explanation
The invention of the slide rule in 1622 is credited as the beginning of the solution of complex mathematical problems by mechanical devices with moving parts in Western society. The slide rule was a tool used for mathematical calculations before the advent of calculators and computers. It allowed users to perform calculations involving multiplication, division, logarithms, and trigonometry. The slide rule was widely used by engineers, scientists, and mathematicians for centuries until it was eventually replaced by electronic calculators.
13.
Which of the following operating systems was developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft?
Correct Answer
B. B.OS/2
Explanation
OS/2 was developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft.
14.
Which of the following was the first commercially viable computer?
Correct Answer
A. A.UNIVAC
Explanation
UNIVAC was the first commercially viable computer. It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in the early 1950s. UNIVAC was the first computer to be produced in quantity and sold to customers. It was used for a wide range of applications, including scientific calculations, business data processing, and military calculations. UNIVAC played a significant role in the development of computer technology and paved the way for future advancements in the field.
15.
In the fifth generation of electronic computing, modular approaches to coding, such as ____ , facilitate larger, more complex, and more quickly and reliably delivered software products.
Correct Answer
C. C.object-oriented programming
Explanation
In the fifth generation of electronic computing, modular approaches to coding, such as object-oriented programming, facilitate larger, more complex, and more quickly and reliably delivered software products. Object-oriented programming allows for the creation of reusable code modules, called objects, which can be easily combined and modified to build complex software systems. This modular approach improves software development efficiency and enables the development of more advanced and reliable software products.
16.
Herman Hollerith introduced electromechanical counting equipment using ____ as input.
Correct Answer
B. B.punch cards
Explanation
Herman Hollerith introduced electromechanical counting equipment using punch cards as input. Punch cards were a method of data storage and input, where holes were punched into cards to represent data. This allowed for the automation of data processing and analysis, as the machines could read and interpret the punched holes on the cards.
17.
____ involves dividing messages into blocks that can be reassembled at their destination, with each block possibly following a different path.
Correct Answer
C. C.Packet switching
Explanation
Packet switching involves dividing messages into blocks that can be reassembled at their destination, with each block possibly following a different path. This allows for efficient and reliable transmission of data over a network, as it allows multiple packets to be transmitted simultaneously and takes advantage of available network resources.
18.
The concept of computer design that allows for future modifications and additions by members of the public is known as which of the following?
Correct Answer
C. C.open architecture
Explanation
Open architecture refers to the concept of computer design that allows for future modifications and additions by members of the public. It means that the design is not restricted or controlled by a single entity and can be freely accessed, modified, and extended by anyone. This promotes collaboration, innovation, and the development of a diverse range of software and hardware components that can work together seamlessly.
19.
Fiberoptics and wireless technologies have given rise to which of the following terms?
Correct Answer
C. C.WLAN
Explanation
Fiberoptics and wireless technologies have given rise to WLAN, which stands for Wireless Local Area Network. This technology allows devices to connect to a network without the need for physical cables, enabling wireless communication within a limited area such as a home or office.
20.
In 1977, Apple released the ____ based upon the Motorola 6502 processor.
Correct Answer
B. B.Apple II
Explanation
In 1977, Apple released the Apple II based upon the Motorola 6502 processor. The Apple II was a personal computer and one of the first successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It was designed primarily by Steve Wozniak and was the successor to the Apple I. The Apple II had color graphics and a built-in BASIC programming language, making it popular for educational and business use. It played a significant role in the early development of the personal computer industry.
21.
The Macintosh had the first mass-produced ____ , an interface that uses graphical instead of text commands.
Correct Answer
C. C.GUI
Explanation
The correct answer is c.GUI. The Macintosh had the first mass-produced graphical user interface (GUI), which allowed users to interact with the computer using visual elements such as icons, windows, and menus instead of text-based commands. This made the computer more user-friendly and accessible to a wider audience.
22.
IBM’s first multipurpose machine was called which of the following?
Correct Answer
C. C.Mark I
Explanation
IBM's first multipurpose machine was called the Mark I.
23.
Assembly language, while easier to use than machine code, has what type of correspondence with machine code?
Correct Answer
C. C.one-to-one
Explanation
Assembly language has a one-to-one correspondence with machine code. This means that each assembly language instruction corresponds to one specific machine code instruction. Each assembly language instruction is translated into a specific machine code instruction, and vice versa. This allows programmers to write code in a more human-readable format (assembly language) while still being able to directly communicate with the computer's hardware through the corresponding machine code instructions.
24.
The term ____ computing or ____ architectures refers to linking a number of CPUs to work on a task simultaneously.
Correct Answer
A. A.parallel
Explanation
Parallel computing or parallel architectures refers to linking a number of CPUs to work on a task simultaneously. This means that multiple CPUs are used to divide and conquer a task, allowing for faster processing and increased efficiency.
25.
A(n) ____ network consists of computers that independently decide how to channel to the next computer.
Correct Answer
B. B.distributed
Explanation
A distributed network consists of computers that independently decide how to channel to the next computer. In a distributed network, there is no central authority or control, and each computer has equal decision-making power. This allows for greater flexibility, scalability, and fault tolerance in the network, as there is no single point of failure.
26.
To flip an image upside down, the user would ____ it 180 degrees.
Correct Answer
B. B.rotate
Explanation
To flip an image upside down, the user would rotate it 180 degrees.
27.
Which of the following tools specializes in sophisticated page layout?
Correct Answer
B. B.desktop publisher
Explanation
A desktop publisher specializes in sophisticated page layout, allowing users to design and format documents with precise control over elements such as text, images, and graphics. This tool is commonly used in the creation of brochures, magazines, newsletters, and other visually appealing printed materials. It offers advanced features for arranging and manipulating content on a page, making it the ideal choice for tasks that require professional-level design and layout.
28.
When you are diagramming and creating flowcharts, you are principally engaged in ____ tasks.
Correct Answer
A.
a.programming
Explanation
Diagramming and creating flowcharts are tasks that are typically associated with programming. These activities involve visually representing the logic and flow of a program, which is an essential part of the programming process. Therefore, the correct answer is "a. programming."
29.
In addition to redundant areas, ____ compression techniques eliminate information not perceptible to the human eye.
Correct Answer
C. C.lossy
Explanation
Lossy compression techniques eliminate information not perceptible to the human eye. This means that during the compression process, certain data that is not easily noticeable or important to the human eye is discarded or altered to reduce the file size. This allows for more efficient storage and transmission of the compressed data.
30.
The 16.7 million color palette of the BMP format requires ____ bits.
Correct Answer
C. C.24
Explanation
The BMP format uses 24 bits to represent its 16.7 million color palette. Each color is made up of 8 bits for red, 8 bits for green, and 8 bits for blue, resulting in a total of 24 bits. This allows for a wide range of colors to be displayed in the image.
31.
Data ____can be used to reduce the sizeof a file and speed thetransmission ofthe file through e-mail.
Correct Answer
D. D.compression
Explanation
Compression is the correct answer because it refers to the process of reducing the size of a file by encoding the data in a more efficient way. This can be done through various algorithms that remove redundant or unnecessary information from the file. By compressing the file, it becomes smaller in size, making it easier and faster to transmit through email.
32.
____ in the form of logos, cartoons, and maps play a large part in the world of information sharing.
Correct Answer
B. B.GrapHics
Explanation
Graphics, in the form of logos, cartoons, and maps, play a large part in the world of information sharing. They help to visually represent information and make it easier for people to understand and interpret. Graphics can convey complex ideas and concepts in a simplified and visually appealing way. They are widely used in various fields such as advertising, education, journalism, and entertainment to enhance communication and engage the audience.
33.
Text editors, compilers, and debuggers are directly featured on the menu of which of the following software tools?
Correct Answer
A. A.Integrated Development Environment
Explanation
Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) typically include text editors, compilers, and debuggers as part of their features. These tools are essential for software development, allowing programmers to write, compile, and debug their code all within one software environment. Therefore, the correct answer is a. Integrated Development Environment.
34.
File ____ Protocol (or FTP) is a transmission method used to send files across the Internet.
Correct Answer
C. C.Transfer
Explanation
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is a transmission method used to send files across the Internet. This protocol allows users to transfer files between a local computer and a remote server. It is commonly used for uploading website files, downloading software updates, and sharing large files. The correct answer, "c.Transfer," accurately describes the purpose of FTP as a method for transferring files.
35.
The ____ extension is one of the more popular compression formats in the world of Windows.
Correct Answer
C. C..zip
Explanation
The extension ".zip" is a popular compression format in the world of Windows. It is commonly used to compress multiple files into a single archive, making it easier to store and transfer large amounts of data.
36.
A ____ tool is the most logical choice for the development of a slide show.
Correct Answer
B. B.presentation
Explanation
A presentation tool is the most logical choice for the development of a slide show because it is specifically designed for creating and delivering presentations. Presentation tools usually have features such as slide templates, animations, and multimedia integration that make it easy to create visually appealing and interactive slides. Additionally, presentation tools often have features for rehearsing and delivering presentations, such as presenter notes and slide show modes. Therefore, using a presentation tool would provide the necessary features and functionality to create an effective slide show.
37.
A grid-like document that facilitates arithmetic manipulation and presentation is called a ____.
Correct Answer
D. D.spreadsheet
Explanation
A grid-like document that facilitates arithmetic manipulation and presentation is called a spreadsheet.
38.
A ____ is a generic tool that allows you to do basic editing, although the finished document won’t have a professional look.
Correct Answer
B. B.text editor
Explanation
A text editor is a generic tool that allows you to do basic editing, such as typing, deleting, and formatting text. However, it lacks advanced features and design options that would give the finished document a professional look.
39.
UML or Universal ____ Language diagrams are used to develop object-oriented systems and programs.
Correct Answer
A. A.Modeling
Explanation
UML or Universal Modeling Language diagrams are used to develop object-oriented systems and programs. UML provides a standardized way to visualize and document the design of a system. It includes different types of diagrams such as class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and activity diagrams, which help in representing the different aspects of the system. By using UML diagrams, developers can communicate and collaborate effectively, ensuring a clear understanding of the system's structure and behavior.
40.
____ is a graphics tool popular with Web designers.
Correct Answer
B. B.Macromedia Fireworks
Explanation
Macromedia Fireworks is a graphics tool popular with Web designers.
41.
Creating documents, presentations, and spreadsheets are best classified as ____ tasks.
Correct Answer
D. D.office
Explanation
Creating documents, presentations, and spreadsheets are best classified as office tasks because they are commonly performed in a professional or business setting using office software such as Microsoft Office or Google Suite. These tasks involve creating and managing documents, presentations, and spreadsheets for various purposes such as communication, data analysis, and information organization. They are essential for day-to-day operations in an office environment.
42.
The process of changing image format from one type to another is called ____.
Correct Answer
A. A.conversion
Explanation
The correct answer is "conversion" because the process of changing an image format from one type to another involves converting the image data from its original format to a new format. This can include converting from formats like JPEG to PNG, or from RAW to TIFF, for example.
43.
Images reduced by ____ compression techniques retain their original quality.
Correct Answer
B. B.lossless
Explanation
Lossless compression techniques are designed to reduce the size of an image file without sacrificing its quality. This means that when an image is compressed using lossless techniques, it can be uncompressed back to its original form without any loss of quality. Therefore, images reduced by lossless compression techniques retain their original quality.
44.
A ____ is a collection of information usually organized into tables.
Correct Answer
C. C.database
Explanation
A database is a collection of information usually organized into tables. This is because a database is a structured collection of data that is stored and accessed electronically. The data is typically organized into tables, which consist of rows and columns. Each row represents a record, and each column represents a field or attribute. By organizing information into tables, a database allows for efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data.
45.
Grammar check and font selection are common features of which of the following tools?
Correct Answer
D. D.word processor
Explanation
Word processors commonly have grammar check and font selection features. These features allow users to check and correct grammar errors in their documents and also choose different fonts for their text. Text editors, binders, and browsers typically do not have these specific features. Therefore, the correct answer is d. word processor.
46.
Which of the following programming environments is actually a platform hosting a number of distinct languages?
Correct Answer
B. B.Microsoft.NET
Explanation
Microsoft.NET is a programming environment that is actually a platform hosting a number of distinct languages. It provides a framework for developing and running software applications. The languages supported by Microsoft.NET include C#, Visual Basic.NET, and F#. These languages can all be used to write code that runs on the .NET platform, allowing developers to choose the language that best suits their needs.
47.
Graphics software available in the form of ____ is generally free of charge during a trial period.
Correct Answer
C. C.shareware
Explanation
Graphics software available in the form of shareware is generally free of charge during a trial period. Shareware refers to software that is distributed for free initially, allowing users to try it out before deciding whether to purchase the full version. During the trial period, users can access all the features and functionalities of the graphics software without having to pay for it. This allows users to evaluate the software and determine if it meets their needs before making a financial commitment.
48.
Which of the following graphical formats should be favored for animation and small file size?
Correct Answer
B. B.GIF
Explanation
GIF should be favored for animation and small file size because it supports animation and uses lossless compression, which means that the image quality is not compromised when the file size is reduced. Additionally, GIF files have a limited color palette, which helps to keep the file size small.
49.
By switching on and off, the ____ can be used to represent the 1s and 0s that are the foundation of all that goes on in the computer.
Correct Answer
B. B.transistor
Explanation
Transistors can be switched on and off to represent the 1s and 0s in a computer. They are electronic devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and are commonly used in digital circuits to perform logic operations. By controlling the flow of current, transistors can represent binary information, with one state representing a 1 and the other state representing a 0.
50.
____ algebra is concerned with the logic of the operators AND, OR, and NOT.
Correct Answer
C. C.Boolean
Explanation
Boolean algebra is concerned with the logic of the operators AND, OR, and NOT. It is a mathematical structure that deals with binary variables and logical operations. In Boolean algebra, variables can only have two possible values, either true or false. The operators AND, OR, and NOT are used to manipulate and combine these variables to form logical expressions. This type of algebra is widely used in computer science and digital electronics for designing and analyzing circuits and logical systems.