Data Communication And Computer Network 1(TTA)

A multiplexer is a communications device that combines transmissions from several I/O devices into one line. It acts as a selector, choosing which input to transmit at any given time. This allows for efficient use of the communication line by transmitting multiple signals simultaneously. Therefore, a multiplexer is the correct answer for this question.

Bandwidth in a network refers to the transmission capacity of a communication channel. It is the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time. It is often measured in bits per second (bps) and determines the speed and efficiency of data transfer. The higher the bandwidth, the more data can be transmitted simultaneously, resulting in faster and more efficient network communication.

A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between devices or systems. It defines what data is communicated by specifying the format and structure of the information being exchanged. It also defines how data is communicated by outlining the procedures and protocols to be followed during the transmission and reception of data. Additionally, it can define when data is communicated by specifying the timing and synchronization requirements for data transmission. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of these" as a protocol encompasses all these aspects of communication.

A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to a computer network. It acts as a barrier between the internal network and external networks, such as the internet, by monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic. It uses various security measures, such as packet filtering, to analyze and filter network traffic based on predefined rules. By doing so, it helps protect the network from potential threats, such as hackers, malware, and unauthorized access attempts.

The Internet is an example of a packet switched network because it breaks down data into small packets and sends them separately over the network. These packets can take different routes to reach their destination and are reassembled at the receiving end. This method allows for efficient and flexible data transmission, as multiple packets can be sent simultaneously and the network resources can be shared among multiple users.

The IP Protocol is considered unreliable because all of the mentioned factors can occur. A packet may get lost during transmission, which means it will never reach its intended destination. Additionally, packets may arrive out of order, causing confusion and potential errors in the data being transmitted. Furthermore, duplicate packets may be generated, leading to redundant data and potential inefficiencies in the network. These factors contribute to the unreliability of the IP Protocol.

The address size of IPV6 is 128 bit. IPV6 was developed as a successor to IPV4 to address the issue of address exhaustion. With 128 bits, IPV6 provides a significantly larger address space compared to the 32-bit address space of IPV4. This allows for a much greater number of unique IP addresses, ensuring that there are enough addresses to accommodate the growing number of devices and users on the internet.

Full duplex lines are best suited for interactive processing applications because they allow for simultaneous two-way communication, where data can be sent and received at the same time. This is important for interactive applications where real-time communication and feedback are required, such as video conferencing or online gaming. Narrow band channels and simplex lines do not allow for simultaneous two-way communication, while mixed band channels may not provide the necessary bandwidth for interactive processing.

Subnetting is a technique used to divide a large network into smaller subnetworks. This allows for better organization and management of network resources. By dividing the network, it becomes easier to control network traffic, improve network performance, and enhance security. Subnetting also helps in optimizing the utilization of IP addresses, as each subnetwork can have its own range of IP addresses. Therefore, the correct answer is that subnetting divides one large network into several smaller ones.

The correct answer is 32 bit. An IPv4 address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It consists of 32 bits, which are divided into four groups of eight bits each, separated by periods. This allows for a total of approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses to be assigned in the IPv4 addressing scheme.

Telephone systems can be classified as duplex and symmetrical because they allow for simultaneous two-way communication, meaning both parties can speak and listen at the same time. Additionally, these systems are symmetrical because they provide equal bandwidth and capacity for both the sending and receiving of signals. This allows for efficient and balanced communication between parties.

A repeater operates in the physical layer of the OSI model. The physical layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits over a physical medium, such as cables or wireless signals. A repeater receives a weak or distorted signal and regenerates it, amplifying the signal to extend its reach or improve its quality. This process helps to overcome the limitations of signal degradation over long distances or through obstacles. Therefore, a repeater's function aligns with the responsibilities of the physical layer, making it the correct answer.

A narrow band channel moves data relatively slowly compared to other types of channels. This is because a narrow band channel has a smaller bandwidth, which limits the amount of data that can be transmitted at a given time. In contrast, wide band, voice band, and broadband channels have larger bandwidths, allowing for faster data transfer rates. Therefore, the correct answer is narrow band channel.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provides reliable communication because it ensures that data sent over a network is delivered accurately and in the correct order. It uses acknowledgment messages and retransmission mechanisms to guarantee that data packets are received by the intended recipient. TCP also manages flow control and congestion control to prevent network congestion and ensure efficient data transmission. Therefore, TCP is considered a reliable protocol for communication.

DHCP is a network protocol that allows a server to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network. It centrally manages and assigns IP addresses to each host, eliminating the need for manual configuration. This enables devices to easily connect to the network and obtain the necessary network settings, such as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers.

A telephone customarily includes a 4-wire to 2-wire hybrid. This hybrid is used to merge and separate the signals associated with the microphone and speaker. It allows for the two-way communication to occur by combining the microphone signal with the speaker signal when transmitting, and separating them when receiving. This ensures that the caller's voice is transmitted clearly to the other party while also allowing them to hear the response clearly.

A circuit switched network provides a constant bandwidth for the complete duration of a message transfer. This means that a dedicated communication path is established between the sender and receiver for the entire duration of the communication. This ensures that the bandwidth is reserved and available exclusively for the message being transferred, resulting in a reliable and consistent transfer of data. In contrast, in packet switched networks, data is divided into packets and sent independently, which may result in varying bandwidth availability and potential delays. Therefore, the correct answer is a circuit switched network.

Baseband transmission refers to the transmission of a signal without any change in frequency. This means that the original signal is directly transmitted without any modulation or conversion to a different frequency range. Baseband transmission is typically used for short-distance communication and is commonly implemented using wired connections.

In a serial communication link layer, data is transmitted one bit at a time. This means that only two wires are required: one for transmitting data (TX) and one for receiving data (RX). The TX wire is used to send data from the sender to the receiver, while the RX wire is used to receive data from the sender. Therefore, the minimum number of wires needed for a serial communication link layer is 2.

Full duplex is the correct answer because it is a data communication method that allows for simultaneous two-way communication over a serial communication link. In full duplex mode, data can be transmitted and received at the same time, enabling efficient and faster communication between devices. This method is commonly used in applications where real-time, bi-directional communication is required, such as video conferencing or online gaming.

The correct answer is "narrow band channel" because telegraph lines typically transmit data at low speeds and require a narrow bandwidth to accommodate the limited data rate. Wide band channels are used for high-speed data transmission, simplex lines allow data to flow in only one direction at a time, and dialed service refers to the method of connecting calls on a telephone network, which is not relevant to data communications involving telegraph lines.

In a synchronous modem, the digital-to-analog converter is responsible for converting digital signals into analog signals. These analog signals are then transmitted to the equalizer. The equalizer is used to compensate for any distortion or interference that may occur during transmission, ensuring that the received signal is of high quality. Therefore, the correct answer is equalizer.

The minimum header size of an IP Packet is 20 bytes. The IP header contains important information such as the source and destination IP addresses, protocol version, and other control flags. This fixed size of 20 bytes ensures that the necessary information can be included in the header and allows for efficient routing and processing of IP packets in the network.

The correct answer is "remove the need for a user to indicate a host they wish to communicate with by means of an IP address." This means that the DNS allows users to access websites or other hosts on the internet by using domain names (such as www.example.com) instead of having to remember and enter the corresponding IP address (such as 192.168.0.1). The DNS system translates the domain name into the corresponding IP address, making it easier for users to access websites and communicate with hosts on the internet.

A router forwards a packet to all outgoing links because it needs to ensure that the packet reaches its intended destination. By sending the packet to all outgoing links, the router increases the chances of the packet reaching its destination even if there are multiple possible paths. This is especially important in cases where there may be network congestion or link failures, as the packet can still be delivered through an alternate path.