Earth As A System

As you go deeper into the mantle, temperatures increase. This is because the mantle is closer to the Earth's core, which is extremely hot. The heat from the core is transferred to the mantle, causing the temperatures to rise.

Nitrogen is the correct answer because it makes up approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere. It is an essential component for many biological processes and plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle, which is important for the growth of plants and other organisms. Carbon, sand, and silicon are not major components of the atmosphere and do not make up a significant percentage of it.

The term "abiotic" refers to non-living factors or elements in an ecosystem. It includes things like temperature, sunlight, water, soil, and minerals. Since abiotic factors are not living organisms, they cannot be classified as either plants or animals. Therefore, the correct answer is "neither plant or animal".

The asthenosphere is the correct answer because it is the lower portion of the crust and the upper semi-solid portion of the mantle. It is located beneath the lithosphere and is characterized by its ability to flow slowly over time. The asthenosphere plays a crucial role in plate tectonics and is responsible for the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates.

The water cycle is an open system because it involves the continuous movement and exchange of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans. Water evaporates from bodies of water and land surfaces, rises into the atmosphere, condenses to form clouds, and then precipitates back to the Earth's surface as rain or snow. This process repeats itself, allowing for the constant circulation and exchange of water in the Earth's system.

Bacteria near plant roots is an essential part of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants, which is then taken up by the plants through their roots. This process is crucial for plant growth and the overall health of ecosystems.

The geosphere refers to the solid part of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. This encompasses both the solid surface of the Earth and the molten interior. The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, and groundwater. The biosphere refers to all living organisms on Earth. The lithosphere refers specifically to the rigid outer part of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle. Therefore, the most solid part of the Earth, including the molten interior, is the geosphere.

The correct answer is the liquid iron in earth's outer core. Earth's magnetic field is generated by the movement of liquid iron in the outer core, which creates electric currents. These electric currents generate a magnetic field that extends from the core to the surface of the Earth. The liquid iron in the outer core is in constant motion due to the convection currents caused by the heat from the inner core. This movement of the liquid iron generates the Earth's magnetic field.

The mantle is the correct answer because it is the layer of the Earth that lies between the crust and the core. It is the thickest layer and has the greatest volume compared to the other options. The mantle is composed of solid rock and is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates, which causes earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.

A consumer is an organism that obtains its energy by consuming other organisms. Animals are consumers because they consume plants or other animals for their energy needs. Plants, on the other hand, are producers as they produce their own food through photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is "animal".

The lines of force of Earth's magnetic field extend between the north geomagnetic pole and the south geomagnetic pole. These poles are not the same as the north and south geographic poles, which are the points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the surface. The geomagnetic poles are the points where the Earth's magnetic field is vertical, and the lines of force extend between these poles, creating a magnetic field that surrounds the Earth. This magnetic field is responsible for phenomena such as the auroras and the functioning of compasses.

In a closed system, the aquarium is self-contained and does not exchange matter with its surroundings. Therefore, in order to provide food for the fish, it needs to be added manually since there is no natural input of nutrients. This is in contrast to an open system where the aquarium is connected to the external environment, allowing for a continuous flow of resources including food for the fish.

The correct answer is open systems. Open systems refer to a system that interacts with its environment, allowing for the exchange of matter and energy. The Earth system is composed of various interconnected subsystems, such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, which all interact with each other and with external factors. This interaction and exchange of matter and energy characterize the Earth system as an open system.

The Geosphere refers to the solid parts of the Earth, including rocks, minerals, and landforms. Oxygen is a major component of the Earth's crust, making up about 46% of its mass. It is found in various minerals and rocks, such as silicates and oxides. Therefore, the most percentage of the Geosphere is covered by oxygen.