Earth Science Final - Semester 2

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Questions: 50 | Attempts: 407 | Updated: Sep 17, 2024

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Semester Two

Earth Science Final
Mrs. Von Berg

Questions and Answers

1.

What energy source drives volcanic eruptions?
- A.
  
  Heat from the Earth's core
- B.
  
  Heat from ocean currents
- C.
  
  Heat from the sun
- D.
  
  Heat from gravitational forces
Correct Answer
A. Heat from the Earth's core

Explanation
Volcanic eruptions are primarily driven by the heat from the Earth's core. The Earth's core is extremely hot, and this heat is transferred to the upper layers of the Earth, including the mantle and crust. This heat causes the rocks in the mantle to melt and form magma. As the magma rises towards the surface, it creates pressure and eventually erupts as a volcanic eruption. The heat from ocean currents, the sun, and gravitational forces do not play a significant role in driving volcanic eruptions.

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2.

According to many scientists, what process led to the formation of the early atmosphere?
- A.
  
  Out-gassing from volcanoes
- B.
  
  Asteroid collision
- C.
  
  Metamorphism
- D.
  
  Galactic fust
Correct Answer
A. Out-gassing from volcanoes

Explanation
The correct answer is out-gassing from volcanoes. Many scientists believe that the early atmosphere was formed through out-gassing, which is the release of gases from the Earth's interior through volcanic activity. Volcanoes release gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and methane, which accumulated and formed the early atmosphere. This process is supported by geological evidence and the composition of gases in the current atmosphere. Asteroid collisions, metamorphism, and galactic fust are not considered as the main processes responsible for the formation of the early atmosphere.

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3.

Where would you most likely find active volcanoes?
- A.
  
  Only above the surface of the ocean
- B.
  
  Near plate boundaries
- C.
  
  Below the north pole
- D.
  
  In the center of continents
Correct Answer
B. Near plate boundaries

Explanation
Active volcanoes are most likely to be found near plate boundaries. This is because plate boundaries are areas where tectonic plates interact, leading to the creation of volcanic activity. The movement and collision of these plates cause magma to rise to the surface, resulting in volcanic eruptions. Therefore, it is common to find active volcanoes near plate boundaries, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire, where many volcanic eruptions occur.

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4.

A stratovolcano is another name for a:
- A.
  
  Shield volcano
- B.
  
  Lava dome
- C.
  
  Cinder cone volcano
- D.
  
  Composite volcano
Correct Answer
D. Composite volcano

Explanation
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a type of volcano that is characterized by its steep sides and symmetrical cone shape. It is formed by layers of lava, ash, and other volcanic materials that build up over time. Unlike shield volcanoes, which have gentle slopes and are formed by fluid lava flows, stratovolcanoes have more explosive eruptions due to the thicker and more viscous lava. This type of volcano is commonly found along subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another.

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5.

The Ring of Fire is where most of the Earth's active volcanoes are found. It is located in the:
- A.
  
  Atlantic Ocean
- B.
  
  Southern Ocean
- C.
  
  Mediterranean Sea
- D.
  
  Pacific Ocean
Correct Answer
D. Pacific Ocean

Explanation
The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It is a direct result of plate tectonics and the movement and collisions of lithospheric plates. The Pacific Ocean is surrounded by several tectonic plate boundaries, such as the Pacific Plate, the Juan de Fuca Plate, and the Nazca Plate, which contribute to the high volcanic and seismic activity in the region. Therefore, the correct answer is the Pacific Ocean.

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6.

An increase in carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely going to cause:
- A.
  
  Longer winters
- B.
  
  Lower wind speeds
- C.
  
  Higher temperatures
- D.
  
  Fewer daylight horurs
Correct Answer
C. Higher temperatures

Explanation
An increase in carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely going to cause higher temperatures because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, more heat is trapped, leading to a rise in global temperatures. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect and is a major contributor to climate change.

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7.

Earth's atmosphere is mostly:
- A.
  
  Oxygen
- B.
  
  Nitrogen
- C.
  
  Carbon dioxide
- D.
  
  Methane
Correct Answer
B. Nitrogen

Explanation
The Earth's atmosphere is mostly composed of nitrogen. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, while oxygen makes up about 21%. Carbon dioxide and methane are present in much smaller amounts. Nitrogen is an essential element for life, and it plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is also a major component of proteins and nucleic acids.

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8.

The reaction occurring inside all stars, that creates immense amounts of energy is called:
- A.
  
  Nuclear fusion
- B.
  
  Nuclear fission
- C.
  
  Nuclear bombs
- D.
  
  Hydrogren bombs
Correct Answer
A. Nuclear fusion

Explanation
Nuclear fusion is the correct answer because it is the process by which stars produce energy. In nuclear fusion, two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This is the reaction that powers stars like our sun, where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium. Nuclear fission, on the other hand, involves the splitting of atomic nuclei and is used in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs. Hydrogen bombs are a type of nuclear bomb that use a combination of nuclear fusion and fission reactions.

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9.

Which of the following actions removes carbon from the atmosphere?
- A.
  
  Vegetable scarps decaying
- B.
  
  Animals consuming legumes
- C.
  
  Fossil fuels burning
- D.
  
  Evergreen trees growing
Correct Answer
D. Evergreen trees growing

Explanation
Evergreen trees growing remove carbon from the atmosphere through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and convert it into oxygen and glucose, storing the carbon in their trunks, branches, leaves, and roots. This process helps to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is important for mitigating climate change and maintaining a healthy balance of greenhouse gases.

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10.

Ozone prevents which type of electromagnetic radiation from reaching the Earth's surface?
- A.
  
  Radio waves
- B.
  
  Ultraviolet waves
- C.
  
  Microwaves
- D.
  
  Infared waves
Correct Answer
B. Ultraviolet waves

Explanation
Ozone prevents ultraviolet waves from reaching the Earth's surface. Ozone molecules in the Earth's atmosphere absorb and scatter the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, acting as a protective shield. This is important because excessive exposure to UV radiation can cause various health issues, including skin cancer, cataracts, and immune system suppression. Therefore, the presence of ozone in the atmosphere plays a crucial role in safeguarding life on Earth by filtering out harmful UV rays.

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11.

Which atmospheric gas will become more plentiful if deforestation continues on Earth?
- A.
  
  Oxygen
- B.
  
  Nitrogen
- C.
  
  Carbon dioxide
- D.
  
  Carbon monoxide
Correct Answer
C. Carbon dioxide

Explanation
If deforestation continues on Earth, the correct answer is carbon dioxide. Trees and plants play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. When forests are cut down, this natural process is disrupted, leading to an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change. Therefore, if deforestation continues, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will rise, exacerbating these environmental issues.

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12.

The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) through the use of aerosol sprays and other products, may decrease the amount of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere. How might this affect Earth over time?
- A.
  
  Increased ultraviolet radiation could be harmful to humans and other organisms
- B.
  
  Refracted radiation could increased the suns intensity
- C.
  
  More blue light could cause and increase in the rate of photosynthesis
- D.
  
  The reflected infrared radiation could appear as a reddish glow in the atmosphere
Correct Answer
A. Increased ultraviolet radiation could be harmful to humans and other organisms

Explanation
The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can lead to a decrease in the ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere. This decrease in ozone can result in increased ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Increased ultraviolet radiation can be harmful to humans and other organisms as it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to the immune system. Therefore, the release of CFCs and the subsequent decrease in ozone can have negative effects on the health and well-being of living organisms over time.

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13.

Which of the following best explains how the Earth’s moon formed?
- A.
  
  An object the size of Mars collided with Earth
- B.
  
  A planet larger than Neptune split into two parts
- C.
  
  Earth’s gravity captured it from Mars
- D.
  
  Dust and gas collected in Earth’s orbit
Correct Answer
A. An object the size of Mars collided with Earth

Explanation
The most widely accepted theory for the formation of the Moon is the Giant Impact Hypothesis, which states that a Mars-sized object collided with Earth early in its history. This collision caused debris to be ejected into space, which eventually coalesced to form the Moon. This theory is supported by various lines of evidence, including the similarities in isotopic compositions between the Earth and Moon, as well as the Moon's relatively small iron core compared to its size.

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14.

Convection currents in the Earth's atmosphere result from:
- A.
  
  Density differences
- B.
  
  Compositional differences
- C.
  
  Color differences
- D.
  
  Age differences
Correct Answer
A. Density differences

Explanation
Convection currents in the Earth's atmosphere result from density differences. As air near the Earth's surface is heated by the sun, it becomes less dense and rises. This creates a region of low pressure. As the warm air rises, it cools and becomes denser, eventually sinking back down to the surface. This creates a region of high pressure. This continuous cycle of warm air rising and cool air sinking creates convection currents in the atmosphere, which play a crucial role in weather patterns and the movement of air masses.

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15.

Identify the three main greenhouse gases.
- A.
  
  Methane
- B.
  
  Oxygen
- C.
  
  Nitrogen
- D.
  
  Carbon dioxide
- E.
  
  Water vapor
- F.
  
  Carbon monoxide
- G.
  
  Argon
- H.
  
  Neon
Correct Answer(s)
A. Methane
D. Carbon dioxide
E. Water vapor

Explanation
The three main greenhouse gases are methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. These gases are responsible for trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect and climate change. Methane is released from natural sources like wetlands and human activities like agriculture. Carbon dioxide is primarily emitted through the burning of fossil fuels. Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas and is naturally present in the atmosphere. These gases contribute to the warming of the planet by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation.

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16.

Which of the following best describes the Earth's greenhouse effect?
- A.
  
  The warming of the Earth due to trapped heat in the atmosphere
- B.
  
  The cause of the ocean tides
- C.
  
  Earth's protection from ultraviolet radiation
- D.
  
  The natural cooling process of the Earth
Correct Answer
A. The warming of the Earth due to trapped heat in the atmospHere

Explanation
The Earth's greenhouse effect refers to the warming of the Earth due to trapped heat in the atmosphere. This occurs when certain gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping back into space. These gases act like a blanket, allowing sunlight to enter the Earth's atmosphere but trapping the heat that radiates back out. This process is essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth, but increased levels of greenhouse gases from human activities have led to an enhanced greenhouse effect, causing global warming.

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17.

There are ___ planets in our solar system:
- A.
  
  6
- B.
  
  12
- C.
  
  8
- D.
  
  17
Correct Answer
C. 8

Explanation
There are 8 planets in our solar system. This is based on the International Astronomical Union's definition of a planet, which states that a planet must orbit the Sun, be spherical in shape, and have cleared its orbit of other debris. The eight planets in our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

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18.

People can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by:
- A.
  
  Raising more animals
- B.
  
  Using less hydroelectric energy
- C.
  
  Burning less fossil fuels
- D.
  
  Using fireplaces for heating
Correct Answer
C. Burning less fossil fuels

Explanation
Burning less fossil fuels is the correct answer because fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, release carbon dioxide when burned. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. By reducing the amount of fossil fuels burned, we can decrease the amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere and mitigate the impact of climate change.

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19.

What type of volcano has a wide base and slowly sloping sides? This type of volcano does not explode. Instead, viscous lava will flow from the peak.
- A.
  
  Composite
- B.
  
  Dome
- C.
  
  Shield
- D.
  
  Cinder cone
Correct Answer
C. Shield

Explanation
A shield volcano has a wide base and slowly sloping sides. This type of volcano is formed by the eruption of fluid lava that flows easily from the peak. The lava spreads out in all directions, creating a broad, shield-like shape. Unlike other types of volcanoes, shield volcanoes do not explode because the lava is not very viscous. Instead, the lava flows smoothly and steadily, allowing the volcano to grow gradually over time.

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20.

The particles produced in a volcanic eruption are called:
- A.
  
  Pyroclastic material
- B.
  
  Calderas
- C.
  
  Laccoliths
- D.
  
  Volcanic stocks
Correct Answer
A. Pyroclastic material

Explanation
Pyroclastic material refers to the mixture of hot gas, ash, and rock fragments that are ejected from a volcano during an eruption. These particles can range in size from tiny ash particles to larger volcanic bombs and can be carried by volcanic plumes for long distances. The term "pyroclastic" comes from the Greek words "pyro" meaning fire and "klastos" meaning broken, highlighting the explosive and destructive nature of these materials. Thus, pyroclastic material is the correct term for the particles produced in a volcanic eruption.

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21.

What formation is formed from the collapse of a magma chamber?
- A.
  
  Cinder cone
- B.
  
  Caldera
- C.
  
  Geyser
- D.
  
  Lava dome
Correct Answer
B. Caldera

Explanation
A caldera is formed from the collapse of a magma chamber. When a large amount of magma is erupted or drained from a volcano, the empty chamber can no longer support the weight of the overlying rock, causing it to collapse inward. This collapse creates a large, basin-shaped depression called a caldera. Calderas can be several kilometers in diameter and are often surrounded by steep walls. They are typically formed during explosive volcanic eruptions or when a volcano collapses after a massive eruption.

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22.

The study of the early Earth as it existed approximately 4.0 billion years ago shows that Earth most likely lacked:
- A.
  
  Volcanoes
- B.
  
  A magnetic field
- C.
  
  A solid core
- D.
  
  An oxygen atmosphere
Correct Answer
D. An oxygen atmospHere

Explanation
The study of the early Earth indicates that approximately 4.0 billion years ago, Earth most likely did not have an oxygen atmosphere. This conclusion is drawn from various geological and chemical evidence, such as the presence of certain rock formations and the composition of ancient air bubbles trapped in rocks. The absence of an oxygen atmosphere during this time is significant because the development of oxygenic photosynthesis and the subsequent rise of oxygen levels had a profound impact on the evolution of life on Earth.

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23.

The best indicator of a stars temperature is:
- A.
  
  Size
- B.
  
  Color
- C.
  
  Age
- D.
  
  Density
Correct Answer
B. Color

Explanation
The color of a star is the best indicator of its temperature. Stars emit different colors of light based on their temperature. Hotter stars emit blue or white light, while cooler stars emit red or orange light. Therefore, by observing the color of a star, we can determine its temperature.

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24.

Ozone is made from 3 atoms of:
- A.
  
  Oxygen
- B.
  
  Carbon
- C.
  
  Water vapor
- D.
  
  Cheese
Correct Answer
A. Oxygen

Explanation
Ozone is made from 3 atoms of oxygen. Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms bonded together. It is formed when oxygen molecules (O2) are broken apart by ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and the individual oxygen atoms combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3). This process occurs naturally in the Earth's atmosphere and is important for protecting us from harmful UV radiation.

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25.

Our Sun, a low mass star, will become a ____________ when it dies.
- A.
  
  White dwarf
- B.
  
  Blue giant
- C.
  
  Nutron star
- D.
  
  Black hole
Correct Answer
A. White dwarf

Explanation
When a low mass star like our Sun exhausts its nuclear fuel, it goes through a series of stages before eventually becoming a white dwarf. A white dwarf is the remnant core of a star that has collapsed under its own gravity after shedding its outer layers. It is extremely dense and hot, but not massive enough to become a neutron star or a black hole. Therefore, the correct answer is white dwarf.

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26.

One way the inner planets differ from the outer planets is that the outer planets:
- A.
  
  Are less dense
- B.
  
  Have fewer moons
- C.
  
  Are formed by unknown gases
- D.
  
  Produce nuclear fusion
Correct Answer
A. Are less dense

Explanation
The inner planets differ from the outer planets in terms of their density. The outer planets are less dense compared to the inner planets. This means that the outer planets have a lower mass per unit volume than the inner planets. The difference in density is likely due to the composition of the planets and the materials they are made of.

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27.

Which of the following forms of solar radiation reach the Earth's atmosphere?
- A.
  
  Visible light
- B.
  
  Ultraviolet (UV)
- C.
  
  Infrared (heat)
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
All forms of solar radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (heat), reach the Earth's atmosphere. This means that all three types of radiation are present and can have an impact on the Earth's climate and weather patterns.

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28.

Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be:
- A.
  
  Much warmer
- B.
  
  Much cooler
- C.
  
  More habitable for humans
- D.
  
  About the same temperature
Correct Answer
B. Much cooler

Explanation
Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be much cooler. The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space. This natural phenomenon helps to regulate Earth's temperature and make it suitable for life. Without the greenhouse effect, the heat would escape more easily, resulting in a significantly cooler climate.

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29.

Climate is best described as:
- A.
  
  The current weather conditions in one place
- B.
  
  The exact temperature of a city
- C.
  
  The long term weather conditions of a region
- D.
  
  How much water vapor is in the atmosphere
Correct Answer
C. The long term weather conditions of a region

Explanation
Climate is the long-term average weather conditions, including temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other atmospheric phenomena, in a particular region. It encompasses the overall patterns and trends observed over a period of time, usually spanning decades or centuries. Unlike weather, which refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, climate provides a broader understanding of the typical weather patterns that characterize a specific area.

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30.

Melting glaciers cause:
- A.
  
  Colder weather
- B.
  
  Sea-level rise
- C.
  
  Increase of oxygen in the atmosphere
- D.
  
  Reduction of ozone in the stratosphere
Correct Answer
B. Sea-level rise

Explanation
Melting glaciers contribute to sea-level rise. As glaciers melt, the water from the ice flows into the oceans, increasing their volume and causing sea levels to rise. This is a significant concern because it leads to coastal erosion, flooding, and the displacement of coastal communities. The melting of glaciers is primarily driven by global warming, which is caused by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Therefore, addressing the issue of melting glaciers is crucial in mitigating the impacts of sea-level rise and climate change.

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31.

Which of the following would be considered a renewable resource?
- A.
  
  Oil
- B.
  
  Coal
- C.
  
  Natural gas
- D.
  
  Solar energy
Correct Answer
D. Solar energy

Explanation
Solar energy is considered a renewable resource because it is derived from the sun, which is an inexhaustible source of energy. Unlike oil, coal, and natural gas, which are finite resources that take millions of years to form, solar energy can be harnessed and used without depleting its source. Solar energy is abundant, clean, and can be converted into electricity or used directly for heating and lighting, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels.

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32.

What form of energy uses the internal heat of the Earth (magma) to produce heat and electricity?
- A.
  
  Geothermal
- B.
  
  Wind
- C.
  
  Hydroelectricc
- D.
  
  Solar
Correct Answer
A. Geothermal

Explanation
Geothermal energy is the form of energy that utilizes the internal heat of the Earth (magma) to produce heat and electricity. This energy is harnessed by drilling deep into the Earth's crust and extracting the heat from hot water or steam reservoirs. The heat is then used to generate electricity through turbines or to directly heat buildings. Geothermal energy is a renewable and sustainable source of power that has minimal environmental impact, making it an attractive option for reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

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33.

San Diego has a sunny climate. However, it does not have any major rivers, no significant volcanic activity, and very little wind. What of the following is the best choice for an alternate source of energy in San Diego?
- A.
  
  Wind
- B.
  
  Solar
- C.
  
  Geothermal
- D.
  
  Hydroelectric
Correct Answer
B. Solar

Explanation
San Diego's sunny climate makes solar energy the best choice for an alternate source of energy. Since the city does not have major rivers or significant volcanic activity, hydroelectric and geothermal energy sources are not viable options. Additionally, the lack of wind in the area makes wind energy less feasible. However, the abundance of sunlight in San Diego makes solar energy a practical and efficient alternative source of energy.

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34.

Southern California receives very little rain fall and has no rivers to provide fresh water. Where does most of the water used in this area come from?
- A.
  
  Northern California and the mountains
- B.
  
  The Central and Imperial Valleys
- C.
  
  Ocean water desalination
- D.
  
  Deep underground wells
Correct Answer
A. Northern California and the mountains

Explanation
Southern California receives very little rainfall and does not have rivers to provide fresh water. Therefore, most of the water used in this area comes from Northern California and the mountains. These regions have a higher amount of rainfall and snowfall, which leads to the accumulation of water in reservoirs. This water is then transported through a system of aqueducts and pipelines to Southern California, where it is used for various purposes such as drinking, irrigation, and industrial use.

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35.

What is the most economically important, non-fuel industrial material in California?
- A.
  
  Gold and silver
- B.
  
  Quartz and marble
- C.
  
  Sand and gravel
- D.
  
  Dolomite and magesium
Correct Answer
C. Sand and gravel

Explanation
Sand and gravel are the most economically important, non-fuel industrial materials in California. These materials are widely used in construction and infrastructure projects, including the production of concrete, asphalt, and road base. California has a high demand for these materials due to its large population and extensive development. The abundance of sand and gravel deposits in the state makes it a significant source for these materials, contributing to the state's economy and construction industry.

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36.

Which of the following uses the greatest amount of California's fresh water?
- A.
  
  Homes
- B.
  
  Industry
- C.
  
  Agriculture
- D.
  
  Golf courses
Correct Answer
C. Agriculture

Explanation
Agriculture uses the greatest amount of California's fresh water because it requires large quantities of water for irrigation purposes. California is a major agricultural state, producing a significant amount of crops and livestock, which necessitates substantial water usage. The other options, such as homes, industry, and golf courses, also consume water, but their overall demand is comparatively lower than that of agriculture.

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37.

Water resources in California are transported to Southern California through a network of:
- A.
  
  Aquaducts
- B.
  
  Wells
- C.
  
  Levees
- D.
  
  Buckets
Correct Answer
A. Aquaducts

Explanation
Water resources in California are transported to Southern California through a network of aqueducts. Aqueducts are large channels or pipes that are used to transport water over long distances. In the case of California, aqueducts are essential for transporting water from areas with abundant water resources, such as the Sierra Nevada mountains, to areas with high water demand, such as Southern California. These aqueducts play a crucial role in ensuring a reliable water supply for agriculture, industry, and residential use in Southern California.

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38.

The lines that run from the north pole to the south pole on the map are called:
- A.
  
  Lines of latitude
- B.
  
  Tropics
- C.
  
  Lines of longitude
- D.
  
  Circles
Correct Answer
C. Lines of longitude

Explanation
Lines of longitude run from the North Pole to the South Pole on a map. They are also known as meridians and help in determining the east-west position of a location. These lines are perpendicular to the lines of latitude and help in creating a grid system on the Earth's surface, allowing for accurate navigation and location identification.

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39.

Europe is labeled ___ on the map.
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
- F.
  
  F
- G.
  
  G
Correct Answer
G. G

Explanation
The correct answer is G.

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40.

We live on the continent of:
- A.
  
  North America
- B.
  
  South America
- C.
  
  Antarctica
- D.
  
  Europe
- E.
  
  Asia
- F.
  
  Africa
- G.
  
  Australia
Correct Answer
A. North America

Explanation
The correct answer is North America because it is one of the seven continents on Earth, and it is where the United States, Canada, and Mexico are located.

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41.

Which idea explains the formation of the universe?
- A.
  
  Plate Tectonics Theory
- B.
  
  Big Bang Theory
- C.
  
  Nebular Hypothesis
- D.
  
  Co-Accretion Theory
Correct Answer
B. Big Bang Theory

Explanation
The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted explanation for the formation of the universe. It states that the universe originated from a singularity, a point of infinite density and temperature, approximately 13.8 billion years ago. The theory suggests that the universe began expanding rapidly, and has been expanding ever since. This expansion led to the formation of galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies. The Big Bang Theory is supported by various pieces of evidence, such as the cosmic microwave background radiation and the observed redshift of distant galaxies.

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42.

The diameter of Saturn is almost ten times that of the Earth, yet its density is much less. This can best be explained by the fact that Saturn:
- A.
  
  Is father from the Sun
- B.
  
  Has a shorter period of rotation
- C.
  
  Is a gaseous planet
- D.
  
  Has a ring around its center
Correct Answer
C. Is a gaseous planet

Explanation
The correct answer is that Saturn is a gaseous planet. This explains why despite having a larger diameter than Earth, its density is much less. Unlike Earth, which is a rocky planet with a solid core, Saturn is composed mostly of gases, such as hydrogen and helium. These gases have a much lower density compared to solid materials, resulting in Saturn's overall lower density despite its larger size.

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43.

The Sun is in orbit around the center of the:
- A.
  
  Milky Way Galaxy
- B.
  
  Centauri Star System
- C.
  
  Andromeda Galaxy
- D.
  
  Cat's Eye Nebula
Correct Answer
A. Milky Way Galaxy

Explanation
The Sun is in orbit around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy that consists of billions of stars, including our Sun. The Sun, along with other stars, planets, and celestial objects, revolves around the center of the galaxy in a circular or elliptical path. This movement is due to the gravitational pull of the galactic center, which keeps the Sun and other objects in orbit. Therefore, the correct answer is Milky Way Galaxy.

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44.

Which of the following statements about the moon is true?
- A.
  
  The Moon causes an eclipse every month.
- B.
  
  The Moon takes one day to travel around the Earth.
- C.
  
  The Moon always has one half of it lit by the Sun.
- D.
  
  We see the entire Moon every night.
Correct Answer
C. The Moon always has one half of it lit by the Sun.

Explanation
The statement that the Moon always has one half of it lit by the Sun is true. This is because the Moon does not emit its own light, but rather reflects the light of the Sun. As the Moon orbits around the Earth, the angle at which the Sun's light hits the Moon changes, causing different portions of the Moon to be illuminated. This is what creates the different phases of the Moon that we observe from Earth. At any given time, only one half of the Moon is lit by the Sun, while the other half remains in shadow.

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45.

South America is labeled ___ on the map.
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
- F.
  
  F
- G.
  
  G
Correct Answer
E. E

Explanation
South America is labeled as E on the map.

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46.

A galaxy is best described as:
- A.
  
  A cloud of gas and dust where stars form
- B.
  
  A collection of planets, stars, nebulae, and gas
- C.
  
  An object made of ice that travels around a star
- D.
  
  A collection of planets that travel around a star
Correct Answer
B. A collection of planets, stars, nebulae, and gas

Explanation
A galaxy is best described as a collection of planets, stars, nebulae, and gas. Galaxies are massive systems that contain billions or even trillions of stars, along with various celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, and interstellar gas. These components are held together by gravity and form a cohesive structure within the galaxy. This definition encompasses the vast diversity and complexity of galaxies, highlighting their composition and the wide range of astronomical objects they contain.

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47.

The dark smooth regions of the moon are called:
- A.
  
  Regolith
- B.
  
  Maria
- C.
  
  Nebula
- D.
  
  Lunar highlands
Correct Answer
B. Maria

Explanation
The dark smooth regions of the moon are called "maria." These areas are made up of solidified basaltic lava flows that occurred billions of years ago. The term "maria" comes from Latin, meaning "seas," as early astronomers mistakenly believed that these regions were bodies of water. The maria are visible from Earth as dark patches on the moon's surface and are believed to have formed from volcanic activity in the moon's past.

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48.

Select the four Terrestrial planets from below
- A.
  
  Mercury
- B.
  
  Venus
- C.
  
  Earth
- D.
  
  Mars
- E.
  
  Jupiter
- F.
  
  Saturn
- G.
  
  Uranus
- H.
  
  Neptune
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. Earth
D. Mars

Explanation
The four terrestrial planets in our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These planets are called terrestrial because they are primarily composed of rock and metal. They are also relatively small and have solid surfaces. On the other hand, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are gas giants, consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, and do not have solid surfaces.

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49.

Select the four Jovian planets from below
- A.
  
  Mercury
- B.
  
  Venus
- C.
  
  Earth
- D.
  
  Mars
- E.
  
  Jupiter
- F.
  
  Saturn
- G.
  
  Uranus
- H.
  
  Neptune
Correct Answer(s)
E. Jupiter
F. Saturn
G. Uranus
H. Neptune

Explanation
The four Jovian planets in our solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These planets are often referred to as gas giants because they are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. They are much larger than the terrestrial planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, and have thick atmospheres and no solid surfaces. These Jovian planets also have a ring system, although Saturn's rings are the most prominent.

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50.

Our Sun is a star. It is a:
- A.
  
  White dwarf
- B.
  
  Yellow dwarf
- C.
  
  Red giant
- D.
  
  Blue supergiant
Correct Answer
B. Yellow dwarf

Explanation
Our Sun is classified as a yellow dwarf. This is because it is a medium-sized star that is in the main sequence phase of its life cycle. Yellow dwarfs, also known as G-type main sequence stars, have surface temperatures around 5,500 degrees Celsius and emit a yellowish-white light. This classification is based on the star's size, color, and stage of evolution. The Sun's classification as a yellow dwarf is important as it helps us understand its characteristics and compare it to other stars in the universe.

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Earth Science Final - Semester 2

What energy source drives volcanic eruptions?

According to many scientists, what process led to the formation of the early atmosphere?

Where would you most likely find active volcanoes?

A stratovolcano is another name for a:

The Ring of Fire is where most of the Earth's active volcanoes are found. It is located in the:

An increase in carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely going to cause:

Earth's atmosphere is mostly:

The reaction occurring inside all stars, that creates immense amounts of energy is called:

Which of the following actions removes carbon from the atmosphere?

Ozone prevents which type of electromagnetic radiation from reaching the Earth's surface?

Which atmospheric gas will become more plentiful if deforestation continues on Earth?

The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) through the use of aerosol sprays and other products, may decrease the amount of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere. How might this affect Earth over time?

Which of the following best explains how the Earth’s moon formed?

Convection currents in the Earth's atmosphere result from:

Identify the three main greenhouse gases.

Which of the following best describes the Earth's greenhouse effect?

There are ___ planets in our solar system:

People can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by:

What type of volcano has a wide base and slowly sloping sides? This type of volcano does not explode. Instead, viscous lava will flow from the peak.

The particles produced in a volcanic eruption are called:

What formation is formed from the collapse of a magma chamber?

The study of the early Earth as it existed approximately 4.0 billion years ago shows that Earth most likely lacked:

The best indicator of a stars temperature is:

Ozone is made from 3 atoms of:

Our Sun, a low mass star, will become a ____________ when it dies.

One way the inner planets differ from the outer planets is that the outer planets:

Which of the following forms of solar radiation reach the Earth's atmosphere?

Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be:

Climate is best described as:

Melting glaciers cause:

Which of the following would be considered a renewable resource?

What form of energy uses the internal heat of the Earth (magma) to produce heat and electricity?

San Diego has a sunny climate. However, it does not have any major rivers, no significant volcanic activity, and very little wind. What of the following is the best choice for an alternate source of energy in San Diego?

Southern California receives very little rain fall and has no rivers to provide fresh water. Where does most of the water used in this area come from?

What is the most economically important, non-fuel industrial material in California?

Which of the following uses the greatest amount of California's fresh water?

Water resources in California are transported to Southern California through a network of:

The lines that run from the north pole to the south pole on the map are called:

Europe is labeled ___ on the map.

We live on the continent of:

Which idea explains the formation of the universe?

The diameter of Saturn is almost ten times that of the Earth, yet its density is much less. This can best be explained by the fact that Saturn:

The Sun is in orbit around the center of the:

Which of the following statements about the moon is true?

South America is labeled ___ on the map.

A galaxy is best described as:

The dark smooth regions of the moon are called:

Select the four Terrestrial planets from below

Select the four Jovian planets from below

Our Sun is a star. It is a: