Earth Science Quiz 1

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| By Lucky7sep

Lucky7sep

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Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 613

Questions: 69 | Attempts: 617 | Updated: Mar 20, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

The windblown top of a thunderstorm is called a
- A.
  
  Anvil
- B.
  
  Gust front
- C.
  
  Eye
- D.
  
  Occluded front
Correct Answer
A. Anvil

Explanation
An anvil is the correct answer because it refers to the windblown top of a thunderstorm. When a thunderstorm develops, the updrafts carry the storm clouds vertically into the atmosphere. At a certain point, the updrafts weaken and can no longer support the cloud top, causing it to spread out horizontally. This flattened, spreading cloud top resembles the shape of an anvil, hence the name. The anvil is often a sign of a mature or decaying thunderstorm and is associated with severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, strong winds, and lightning.

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2.

A boundary where contrasting air masses meet is a
- A.
  
  Hurricane
- B.
  
  Front
- C.
  
  Storm surge
- D.
  
  Eye wall
Correct Answer
B. Front

Explanation
A boundary where contrasting air masses meet is called a front. Fronts are the transition zones between different air masses, typically characterized by changes in temperature, humidity, and wind direction. When warm and cold air masses collide, they can create weather phenomena such as rain, thunderstorms, or even hurricanes. The other options, hurricane, storm surge, and eye wall, are specific terms related to hurricanes and not directly related to the meeting of air masses.

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3.

A cool, moist air mass is the
- A.
  
  CA
- B.
  
  CP
- C.
  
  MT
- D.
  
  MP
- E.
  
  CT
Correct Answer
D. MP

Explanation
An mP air mass refers to a maritime polar air mass, which is cool and moist. This air mass forms over the ocean and is characterized by its lower temperatures and higher humidity levels. It typically brings cloudy and damp weather conditions, making it the correct answer in this case.

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4.

Thunderstorms, midlatitudes cyclones, and hurricanes are fed by
- A.
  
  Dense, heavy air
- B.
  
  Atmospheric stability
- C.
  
  The Coriolis force
- D.
  
  Latent head of condensation
Correct Answer
D. Latent head of condensation

Explanation
Thunderstorms, midlatitudes cyclones, and hurricanes are fed by the latent heat of condensation. When water vapor condenses into liquid water, it releases energy in the form of heat. This heat is known as latent heat of condensation and it provides the necessary energy for the development and intensification of these weather systems. As water vapor condenses and releases heat, it warms the surrounding air, making it more buoyant and creating upward motion. This upward motion then leads to the formation of clouds, thunderstorms, and cyclones, which are fueled by the continuous release of latent heat of condensation.

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5.

HThe sequence of atmospheric events that develops along the polar jet stream and that produces midlatitude cyclones is called
- A.
  
  Tropical depression
- B.
  
  Cyclogenesis
- C.
  
  Occlusion
- D.
  
  Storm surge
Correct Answer
B. Cyclogenesis

Explanation
Cyclogenesis refers to the sequence of atmospheric events that occur along the polar jet stream and lead to the development of midlatitude cyclones. These cyclones are responsible for various weather phenomena, such as strong winds, precipitation, and changes in temperature. Cyclogenesis involves the interaction of warm and cold air masses, which leads to the formation and intensification of these cyclones. Therefore, cyclogenesis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the process of cyclone formation in midlatitude regions.

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6.

AThe type of mass wasting depicted is a
- A.
  
  Rockfall
- B.
  
  Earthflow
- C.
  
  Soil creep
- D.
  
  Slump
Correct Answer
D. Slump

Explanation
A slump is a type of mass wasting where a mass of rock or soil moves downslope along a curved surface. This movement occurs due to the downward movement of a cohesive mass of material along a concave surface. Slumps typically occur in areas with steep slopes and weak or saturated soil. The material moves as a single unit, with the top portion of the slope moving faster than the bottom portion, resulting in a distinctive curved shape.

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7.

TThe location within the Earth where an earthquake originates is the
- A.
  
  Hogback
- B.
  
  Isotope
- C.
  
  Epicenter
- D.
  
  Focus
Correct Answer
D. Focus

Explanation
The focus is the correct answer because it refers to the specific point within the Earth where an earthquake originates. It is the exact location where the seismic energy is released, causing the ground to shake. The focus is usually located underground, and its depth can vary depending on the type of earthquake. The epicenter, on the other hand, is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus. So, while the epicenter is important for determining the location of an earthquake on the surface, the focus is the actual starting point of the seismic activity.

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8.

The Earth's plates move around on the Earth b/c they float on the
- A.
  
  Crust
- B.
  
  Core
- C.
  
  Asthenosphere
- D.
  
  Plume
- E.
  
  Mantle
Correct Answer
C. AsthenospHere

Explanation
The Earth's plates move around on the Earth because they float on the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is a semi-fluid layer beneath the Earth's crust where the lithospheric plates are able to move. These plates are made up of the Earth's crust and the upper part of the mantle. The asthenosphere's semi-fluid nature allows the plates to slide and move over it, causing tectonic activity such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

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9.

A plate boundary where two plates move horizontally past each other is a
- A.
  
  Convergent boundary
- B.
  
  Divergent boundary
- C.
  
  Passive plate margin
- D.
  
  Transform boundary
Correct Answer
D. Transform boundary

Explanation
A transform boundary is a plate boundary where two plates move horizontally past each other. This type of boundary is characterized by intense seismic activity, as the plates are locked together and accumulate stress over time. When the accumulated stress is released, it results in earthquakes. Transform boundaries do not involve the creation or destruction of crust, unlike convergent and divergent boundaries. Therefore, the correct answer is transform boundary.

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10.

The spreading apart of the Earth's crust by magma rising between fractures in the Earth's plates is called
- A.
  
  Exfoliation
- B.
  
  Overthrusting
- C.
  
  Rifting
- D.
  
  Subduction
Correct Answer
C. Rifting

Explanation
Rifting refers to the process of the Earth's crust separating or spreading apart due to the upward movement of magma between fractures in the Earth's plates. This movement causes the plates to move away from each other, creating a gap or rift. This process is commonly associated with the formation of new oceanic crust and the creation of rift valleys, such as the East African Rift Valley.

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11.

The two kinds of weathering are
- A.
  
  Mechanical and physical
- B.
  
  Mechanical and chemical
- C.
  
  Physical and erosion
- D.
  
  Mechanical and component
Correct Answer
B. Mechanical and chemical

Explanation
The correct answer is mechanical and chemical. Weathering refers to the breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface. Mechanical weathering involves the physical disintegration of rocks into smaller fragments, such as through freezing and thawing or the action of plant roots. Chemical weathering, on the other hand, involves the chemical alteration of rocks through processes like oxidation, hydration, and carbonation. Both mechanical and chemical weathering play significant roles in the overall weathering process.

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12.

The process by which one lithospheric plate is forced beneath another is called
- A.
  
  Laterization
- B.
  
  Subduction
- C.
  
  Volcanism
- D.
  
  Seismicity
Correct Answer
B. Subduction

Explanation
Subduction is the correct answer because it refers to the process where one lithospheric plate is forced beneath another. This occurs at convergent plate boundaries, where two plates collide. The denser plate sinks into the mantle, while the other plate may form mountain ranges or volcanic activity. Subduction is an essential process in plate tectonics and is responsible for the formation of deep-sea trenches, volcanic arcs, and earthquakes.

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1
13.

Expansion and contraction of water in rock cracks due to freezing and thawing is
- A.
  
  Frost wedging
- B.
  
  Frost heaving
- C.
  
  Plant wedging
- D.
  
  Salt-crystal growth
Correct Answer
A. Frost wedging

Explanation
Frost wedging refers to the process in which water seeps into cracks in rocks, freezes, and expands, causing the cracks to widen. This expansion and contraction due to freezing and thawing of water in rock cracks is a common mechanism of physical weathering. It occurs when water freezes and expands by about 9%, exerting pressure on the surrounding rock and causing it to break apart. This process is particularly effective in regions with frequent freeze-thaw cycles, such as high-altitude areas or cold climates.

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14.

The types of mechanical weathering do NOT include
- A.
  
  Exfoliation
- B.
  
  Frost wedging
- C.
  
  Salt-crystal growth
- D.
  
  Oxidation
Correct Answer
D. Oxidation

Explanation
Oxidation is not a type of mechanical weathering. Mechanical weathering refers to the physical breakdown of rocks without any change in their chemical composition. Exfoliation, frost wedging, and salt-crystal growth are all examples of mechanical weathering processes. Exfoliation occurs when outer layers of rocks peel away due to pressure release, frost wedging happens when water freezes in rock cracks and expands, and salt-crystal growth occurs when salt crystals form and expand in rock pores. Oxidation, on the other hand, is a chemical weathering process where rocks react with oxygen in the presence of water or air, causing them to rust or change color.

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15.

The agent of erosion associated with mass wasting is
- A.
  
  Water
- B.
  
  Wind
- C.
  
  Ice
- D.
  
  Gravity
Correct Answer
D. Gravity

Explanation
Gravity is the force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth. In the context of mass wasting, gravity plays a crucial role as it causes the movement of material downhill. Mass wasting refers to the downslope movement of rock, soil, or other debris under the influence of gravity. Gravity acts as the driving force behind various types of mass wasting, such as landslides, rockfalls, and slumps. It overcomes the friction and cohesion holding the material in place, causing it to slide, topple, or flow downhill. Therefore, gravity is the agent of erosion associated with mass wasting.

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16.

Midlatitude cyclones in the U.S. generally move in what direction?
- A.
  
  East to West
- B.
  
  West to East
- C.
  
  North to South
- D.
  
  South to North
- E.
  
  They remain stationary
Correct Answer
B. West to East

Explanation
Midlatitude cyclones in the U.S. generally move from west to east. This is due to the prevailing westerly winds in the midlatitudes, known as the prevailing westerlies. These winds blow from west to east, causing the cyclones to follow a similar path. The movement of midlatitude cyclones from west to east is a result of the overall atmospheric circulation patterns in the region.

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17.

Prior to the development of a midlatitude cyclone, the polar front is a
- A.
  
  Tropical cyclone
- B.
  
  Stationary front
- C.
  
  Occluded front
- D.
  
  Cold front
- E.
  
  Warm front
Correct Answer
B. Stationary front

Explanation
Prior to the development of a midlatitude cyclone, the polar front is a stationary front. A stationary front occurs when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet, but neither is strong enough to push the other out of the way. The warm and cold air masses remain in place, creating a boundary known as a stationary front. In the case of a midlatitude cyclone, the stationary front is the initial stage where the warm and cold air masses start to interact and eventually develop into a cyclone.

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18.

Air masses are named by their
- A.
  
  Direction from which they came
- B.
  
  Temperature and humidity characteristics
- C.
  
  Order of occurrence from an alphabetical list
- D.
  
  Location of first occurrence
Correct Answer
B. Temperature and humidity characteristics

Explanation
Air masses are named based on their temperature and humidity characteristics because these two factors play a significant role in determining the properties and behavior of the air mass. Temperature and humidity affect the stability, moisture content, and overall weather patterns associated with the air mass. By identifying and categorizing air masses based on these characteristics, meteorologists can better understand and predict weather conditions in different regions.

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19.

The air masses that originate over Canada are the
- A.
  
  MP and cT
- B.
  
  CP and the mP
- C.
  
  CA and the cAA
- D.
  
  CP and the cA
Correct Answer
D. CP and the cA

Explanation
The correct answer is cP and the cA. The air masses that originate over Canada are cP (continental polar) and cA (continental arctic). Continental polar air masses form over land and are cold and dry, while continental arctic air masses are even colder and drier. Canada's northern regions experience extremely cold temperatures, making it a source of these cold air masses.

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20.

Cold fronts are characterized by
- A.
  
  Thunderstorms
- B.
  
  Hurricanes
- C.
  
  A rise in temperature
- D.
  
  Several days of slow but steady precipitation
Correct Answer
A. Thunderstorms

Explanation
Cold fronts are characterized by thunderstorms because when a cold front moves into an area, it displaces warmer air and pushes it upward. As the warm air rises, it cools and condenses, forming cumulonimbus clouds which are associated with thunderstorms. These thunderstorms can be intense and bring heavy rainfall, strong winds, and even hail. Therefore, thunderstorms are a common feature of cold fronts.

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21.

The four pedogenic processes do NOT include
- A.
  
  Deletions
- B.
  
  Additions
- C.
  
  Translocations
- D.
  
  Metamorphism
Correct Answer
D. MetamorpHism

Explanation
The given question asks for the pedogenic processes that are NOT included among the options provided. The options "deletions," "additions," and "translocations" are all recognized pedogenic processes that involve the removal, addition, and movement of soil materials, respectively. However, "metamorphism" is not a pedogenic process. Metamorphism refers to the process of rock formation through changes in temperature and pressure, which is not directly related to soil formation. Therefore, "metamorphism" is the correct answer as it is not one of the four pedogenic processes mentioned.

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22.

The pines of the southeastern United States (near Charlotte) are characteristic of which biome?
- A.
  
  Boreal forest
- B.
  
  Mediterranean woodland and shrub
- C.
  
  Midlatitude coniferous forest
- D.
  
  Tropical rainforest
Correct Answer
C. Midlatitude coniferous forest

Explanation
The pines of the southeastern United States (near Charlotte) are characteristic of the midlatitude coniferous forest biome. This biome is characterized by moderate temperatures and abundant rainfall, which support the growth of coniferous trees such as pines. The southeastern United States, including areas near Charlotte, has a climate that is suitable for the growth of these trees, making the midlatitude coniferous forest biome the correct answer.

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23.

The climate zone with the largest annual range in temperature is
- A.
  
  Mesothermal
- B.
  
  Microthermal
- C.
  
  Arid and semi-arid
- D.
  
  Tropical
Correct Answer
B. Microthermal

Explanation
The climate zone with the largest annual range in temperature is microthermal. This is because microthermal climates are characterized by cold winters and hot summers, resulting in a significant difference in temperature between the two seasons. Mesothermal climates have a smaller annual temperature range as they experience milder winters and cooler summers. Arid and semi-arid climates have high temperatures year-round with little variation. Tropical climates have consistently high temperatures throughout the year, with minimal temperature fluctuations.

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24.

The elevation at which the bottoms of clouds begin to form represents the elevation at which
- A.
  
  The dew point occurs
- B.
  
  Relative humidity reaches 100 percent
- C.
  
  Relative humidity reaches 0 percent
- D.
  
  A and B
- E.
  
  A and C
Correct Answer
D. A and B

Explanation
The elevation at which the bottoms of clouds begin to form represents the elevation at which the dew point occurs. This is because clouds form when air rises and cools, causing water vapor to condense into liquid droplets. The dew point is the temperature at which air becomes saturated and condensation occurs, leading to the formation of clouds. Additionally, when the relative humidity reaches 100 percent, it means that the air is fully saturated and the dew point has been reached. Therefore, both the dew point occurring and the relative humidity reaching 100 percent are associated with the elevation at which clouds begin to form.

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25.

The soil layer that has abundant humus and is the most fertile is the ___ layer
- A.
  
  B
- B.
  
  C
- C.
  
  R
- D.
  
  E
- E.
  
  A
Correct Answer
E. A

Explanation
The correct answer is A. The soil layer that has abundant humus and is the most fertile is the A layer. The A layer, also known as the topsoil or the O horizon, is the uppermost layer of soil that contains a high amount of organic matter, including decomposed plant and animal material. This layer is rich in nutrients and microorganisms, making it the most fertile layer for plant growth.

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26.

The conversion of solar radiation into chemical energy by plants that releases oxygen is called
- A.
  
  Dendrochronology
- B.
  
  Respiration
- C.
  
  Plant succession
- D.
  
  Photosynthesis
Correct Answer
D. pHotosynthesis

Explanation
Photosynthesis is the correct answer because it is the process by which plants convert solar radiation into chemical energy. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for the survival of plants as well as for maintaining the oxygen levels in the atmosphere. Dendrochronology is the study of tree rings, respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose, and plant succession refers to the process of ecological change in a community over time.

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27.

The climate most noted for summer droughts and winter precipitation is
- A.
  
  Marine west-coast
- B.
  
  Mediterranean dry-summer
- C.
  
  Humid subtropical hot-summer
- D.
  
  Humid continental mild-summer
Correct Answer
B. Mediterranean dry-summer

Explanation
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by dry summers and wet winters. This climate is most noted for its distinct dry season during the summer months, which is caused by the subtropical high-pressure system that dominates the region. During this period, precipitation is scarce, and drought conditions are common. In contrast, the winter months experience increased rainfall due to the influence of mid-latitude cyclones and the westerlies. This pattern of summer droughts and winter precipitation is typical of the Mediterranean climate, making it the correct answer.

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28.

The severity of storm activity along a warm front is ____ than that along most cold fronts because the rate of uplift is ____ along a warm front
- A.
  
  Greater, Slower
- B.
  
  Greater, Faster
- C.
  
  Less, Slower
- D.
  
  Less, Faster
Correct Answer
D. Less, Faster

Explanation
The severity of storm activity along a warm front is less than that along most cold fronts because the rate of uplift is faster along a warm front. Warm fronts occur when warm air replaces cooler air, causing the warm air to rise rapidly. This rapid uplift leads to the formation of clouds and precipitation, but the storms tend to be less severe compared to those along cold fronts. Cold fronts occur when cold air replaces warmer air, and the rate of uplift along these fronts is slower, resulting in more intense storm activity.

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29.

Which of the following statements is true?
- A.
  
  One would expect more precip near the equator than near the poles
- B.
  
  One would expect winters in Siberia to be very dry, with little precip
- C.
  
  When air is cooled, its ability to hold moisture decreases
- D.
  
  One would expect precip to occure when moist air rises over a mountain
- E.
  
  All of these are true
Correct Answer
E. All of these are true

Explanation
All of these statements are true. Near the equator, there is more precipitation due to the convergence of warm, moist air. In Siberia, winters are typically very dry with little precipitation because the cold air cannot hold much moisture. When air is cooled, its ability to hold moisture decreases, leading to condensation and precipitation. When moist air rises over a mountain, it cools and condenses, resulting in precipitation on the windward side of the mountain. Therefore, all of the given statements are accurate.

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30.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of soil horizons from top down?
- A.
  
  E-C-O-B-A
- B.
  
  O-A-E-B-C
- C.
  
  A-B-C-E-O
- D.
  
  C-B-A-E-O
Correct Answer
B. O-A-E-B-C

Explanation
The correct sequence of soil horizons from top down is O-A-E-B-C. In this sequence, the organic matter (O) is found at the top, followed by the surface horizon (A) where minerals leach and organic matter accumulates. The next horizon is the eluviation horizon (E) where minerals and organic matter are leached out. Below that is the subsoil horizon (B) where minerals accumulate. Finally, at the bottom is the parent material horizon (C) which is the unweathered bedrock.

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31.

The broad biome types do NOT include
- A.
  
  Tundra
- B.
  
  Forest
- C.
  
  Savanna
- D.
  
  Desert
- E.
  
  Grassland
Correct Answer
C. Savanna

Explanation
The broad biome types include tundra, forest, desert, and grassland. Savanna, on the other hand, is not considered a broad biome type. Savannas are a specific type of grassland biome characterized by a mix of grasses and scattered trees. They are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions with a distinct dry and wet season. Therefore, the correct answer is Savanna.

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32.

The climatic influence that results in variation in radiation intensity and lenth of day is
- A.
  
  Air mass circulation
- B.
  
  Latitude
- C.
  
  Longitude
- D.
  
  Topographic effects
Correct Answer
B. Latitude

Explanation
Latitude is the correct answer because it refers to the distance from the equator, which affects the angle at which the sun's rays hit the Earth's surface. This angle determines the intensity of radiation received, with higher latitudes receiving less intense radiation. Additionally, latitude also affects the length of the day, with higher latitudes experiencing longer or shorter days depending on the season. Therefore, latitude plays a significant role in the variation of radiation intensity and length of day, making it the correct answer.

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33.

An mT air mass is likely to be _____ than a cT air mass b/c the mT air mass _____
- A.
  
  Hotter; forms over the ocean
- B.
  
  Drier; forms under the equatorial low
- C.
  
  Wetter; forms over the ocean
- D.
  
  Drier; is a cold air mass
- E.
  
  Wetter; is warmer than the cT air mass
Correct Answer
C. Wetter; forms over the ocean

Explanation
An mT air mass is likely to be wetter than a cT air mass because the mT air mass forms over the ocean. When air masses form over the ocean, they tend to pick up moisture and become more humid. In contrast, cT air masses form over land and are typically drier because they originate from tropical regions. Therefore, the mT air mass is wetter than the cT air mass due to its formation over the ocean.

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34.

When water condenses, it ____ heat energy and ____ surrounding air.
- A.
  
  Absorbs; cools
- B.
  
  Releases; cools
- C.
  
  Releases; heats
- D.
  
  Absorbs; heats
Correct Answer
C. Releases; heats

Explanation
When water condenses, it releases heat energy and heats the surrounding air. This is because condensation is the process of water vapor turning into liquid water, and during this phase change, energy is released in the form of heat. As the water vapor cools and condenses, it transfers its heat energy to the surrounding air, causing it to become warmer.

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35.

Which of the following is not an example of a soil forming factor?
- A.
  
  Rainfall
- B.
  
  Steep slopes
- C.
  
  The A horizon
- D.
  
  Worms
Correct Answer
C. The A horizon

Explanation
The A horizon is not an example of a soil forming factor because it is actually a component of the soil profile. The A horizon, also known as the topsoil, is the uppermost layer of soil that is rich in organic matter and nutrients. Soil forming factors refer to the environmental factors that influence the development of soil, such as climate, parent material, organisms, topography, and time. Rainfall, steep slopes, and worms are all examples of soil forming factors as they contribute to the physical and chemical processes that shape the soil.

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36.

The transition area where two or more ecosystems merge is the
- A.
  
  Humus
- B.
  
  Ulac slope
- C.
  
  Ecotone
- D.
  
  Adret slope
- E.
  
  Biomass
Correct Answer
C. Ecotone

Explanation
An ecotone is the transition area where two or more ecosystems merge. It is a zone of transition between different ecological communities, characterized by a mixture of species from each community as well as unique species adapted to the specific conditions of the ecotone. This area often exhibits greater species diversity and a variety of ecological processes compared to the adjacent ecosystems. The term "ecotone" is commonly used to describe the boundary between different habitats, such as between a forest and a grassland or between a freshwater and a marine ecosystem.

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37.

The major climate group that is NOT based on temperature is
- A.
  
  C
- B.
  
  E
- C.
  
  B
- D.
  
  A
- E.
  
  D
Correct Answer
C. B

Explanation
The question asks for the major climate group that is NOT based on temperature. The options given are C, E, B, A, and D. Out of these options, the correct answer is B. However, without further information about the climate groups or their characteristics, it is not possible to provide a specific explanation for why B is the correct answer.

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38.

Which part of a hurricane consits of sinking air and relatively calm conditions?
- A.
  
  Eye wall
- B.
  
  Cold front
- C.
  
  Spiral rain bands
- D.
  
  Eye
Correct Answer
D. Eye

Explanation
The answer is "Eye" because the eye of a hurricane is the center of the storm, where sinking air and calm conditions prevail. It is surrounded by the eyewall, which is the most intense part of the hurricane with strong winds and heavy rainfall. The eye provides a temporary relief from the storm's destructive forces, making it a relatively calm and clear area.

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39.

Relative humidity is
- A.
  
  The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the normal amount
- B.
  
  The amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature expressed as a percentage of the moisture capacity of the air
- C.
  
  The amount of moisture in the air relative to your own sensible feelings
Correct Answer
B. The amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature expressed as a percentage of the moisture capacity of the air

Explanation
Relative humidity is the measurement of the amount of water vapor present in the air at a specific temperature, compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at that temperature. It is expressed as a percentage, indicating the saturation level of the air.

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40.

Which of the following is Not true about soils?
- A.
  
  Plants, animals, and bacteria living in and above a soil influence the amount of organic matter a soil has
- B.
  
  Steep slopes tend to have thicker, wetter soils than soils at the base of a hillslope
- C.
  
  As soils get older, they tend to get thicker and have better developed horizons
- D.
  
  The climate of a region affects soil development by controlling the rate of chemical reactions
Correct Answer
B. Steep slopes tend to have thicker, wetter soils than soils at the base of a hillslope

Explanation
Steep slopes tend to have thinner, drier soils than soils at the base of a hillslope. This is because the steep slope allows water to drain quickly, leading to less water retention in the soil and therefore thinner and drier soil. In contrast, at the base of a hillslope, the soil is more likely to accumulate water and organic matter, resulting in thicker and wetter soils.

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1
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41.

Dense biomass and tremendous species diversity characterize the
- A.
  
  Tropical forests
- B.
  
  Midlatitude forests
- C.
  
  Deserts
- D.
  
  Grasslands
Correct Answer
A. Tropical forests

Explanation
Tropical forests are characterized by dense biomass and tremendous species diversity. These forests have a high concentration of plant and animal life, with a wide variety of species coexisting in a relatively small area. The warm and humid climate of tropical regions provides ideal conditions for the growth of vegetation, resulting in dense forests with a complex ecosystem. The abundance of plants and animals in these forests contributes to the overall biodiversity of the tropical regions.

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42.

A boundary where contrasting air masses mees is a
- A.
  
  Hurricane
- B.
  
  Front
- C.
  
  Squall line
- D.
  
  Eye wall
Correct Answer
B. Front

Explanation
A boundary where contrasting air masses meet is known as a front. Fronts occur when two different air masses, with different temperatures and moisture content, collide. This collision leads to changes in weather conditions, such as cloud formation, precipitation, and temperature fluctuations. Fronts can be classified into different types, including cold fronts, warm fronts, and stationary fronts, depending on the characteristics of the air masses involved. Understanding fronts is crucial in meteorology as they play a significant role in shaping weather patterns and forecasting.

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43.

The wet adiabatic lapse rate is ____ than the dry adiabatic lapse rate because ____.
- A.
  
  Greater; condensation heats the air
- B.
  
  Greater; condensation cools the air
- C.
  
  Less; condensation heats the air
- D.
  
  Less, condensation cools the air
Correct Answer
C. Less; condensation heats the air

Explanation
The wet adiabatic lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate because condensation heats the air. When moist air rises and cools, it eventually reaches its dew point and condensation occurs. This condensation releases latent heat, which warms the surrounding air. As a result, the rate of cooling for the wet adiabatic lapse rate is slower compared to the dry adiabatic lapse rate, where no condensation occurs. Therefore, the wet adiabatic lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

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44.

The soil horizon that has the most organic matter is labeled the ___ horizon
- A.
  
  B
- B.
  
  O
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  E
Correct Answer
B. O

Explanation
The soil horizon that has the most organic matter is labeled the O horizon. The O horizon, also known as the organic horizon, is the top layer of soil that consists mainly of decomposed organic material such as leaves, plant debris, and animal remains. This layer is rich in nutrients and helps improve soil fertility. The presence of a thick O horizon indicates a healthy and productive soil ecosystem.

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45.

The biomes of the tropical monsoon climate are
- A.
  
  Tropical deciduous forest and scrub and tropical rainforest
- B.
  
  Tropical rainforest and hot desert
- C.
  
  Tundra and tropical savanna
Correct Answer
A. Tropical deciduous forest and scrub and tropical rainforest

Explanation
The correct answer is Tropical deciduous forest and scrub and tropical rainforest. The tropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall. This type of climate supports the growth of diverse vegetation, including tropical deciduous forests and scrublands, which are adapted to periods of both wet and dry conditions. Additionally, the tropical rainforest biome is also found in regions with a tropical monsoon climate, as it receives abundant rainfall throughout the year. These biomes are well-suited to the warm and wet conditions of the tropical monsoon climate.

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46.

The factor below with the LEAST direct significance to climate is
- A.
  
  Air mass circulation
- B.
  
  Longitude
- C.
  
  Latitude
- D.
  
  Topography
Correct Answer
B. Longitude

Explanation
Longitude is the measurement of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. It does not directly affect climate as much as other factors. Climate is primarily influenced by latitude, which determines the amount of solar radiation received, and topography, which affects wind patterns and precipitation. Air mass circulation, which refers to the movement of air masses, also plays a significant role in climate. However, longitude mainly affects time zones and does not have a direct impact on climate patterns.

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47.

Which of the following are necessary for cloud formation?
- A.
  
  Saturated air
- B.
  
  Saturated air and condensation nuclei
- C.
  
  Ice crystals
- D.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Saturated air and condensation nuclei

Explanation
Cloud formation requires two main factors: saturated air and condensation nuclei. Saturated air means that the air is holding as much water vapor as it can at a given temperature. When the air is saturated, it is more likely to form clouds. However, just having saturated air is not enough. Condensation nuclei, which are tiny particles such as dust, smoke, or salt, provide a surface for the water vapor to condense onto. Without condensation nuclei, the water vapor would have difficulty forming into visible water droplets or ice crystals, which are essential components of clouds. Therefore, both saturated air and condensation nuclei are necessary for cloud formation.

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48.

Which soil order is home to Charlotte's soils?
- A.
  
  B horizon
- B.
  
  Catawbasol
- C.
  
  Andisol
- D.
  
  Ultisol
Correct Answer
D. Ultisol

Explanation
Ultisol is the correct answer because it is a soil order that is commonly found in the southeastern United States, including the region where Charlotte is located. Ultisols are characterized by their weathered nature, high clay content, and acidic pH levels. These soils are typically red or yellow in color and are formed from the weathering of parent materials over long periods of time. Given that Charlotte is in the southeastern US and Ultisols are prevalent in this region, it is likely that Charlotte's soils belong to the Ultisol soil order.

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49.

Of the solar radiation entering the atmosphere, about ___% reaches the surface directly as direct radiation.
- A.
  
  3
- B.
  
  7
- C.
  
  21
- D.
  
  25
Correct Answer
D. 25

Explanation
Approximately 25% of solar radiation reaches the Earth's surface directly as direct radiation. This means that a quarter of the solar energy that enters the Earth's atmosphere is not scattered or absorbed by the atmosphere and instead reaches the surface directly. The rest of the solar radiation is either reflected back into space or absorbed by the atmosphere, clouds, or other objects before reaching the surface.

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50.

This process allows heat energy to be transferred between objects.
- A.
  
  Conduction
- B.
  
  Convection
- C.
  
  Radiation
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
All of the above options - conduction, convection, and radiation - allow heat energy to be transferred between objects. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects or substances. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, such as liquids or gases. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Therefore, all three processes play a role in transferring heat energy between objects.

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Mar 20, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Dec 03, 2010

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Earth Science Quiz 1

The windblown top of a thunderstorm is called a

A boundary where contrasting air masses meet is a

A cool, moist air mass is the

Thunderstorms, midlatitudes cyclones, and hurricanes are fed by

HThe sequence of atmospheric events that develops along the polar jet stream and that produces midlatitude cyclones is called

AThe type of mass wasting depicted is a

TThe location within the Earth where an earthquake originates is the

The Earth's plates move around on the Earth b/c they float on the

A plate boundary where two plates move horizontally past each other is a

The spreading apart of the Earth's crust by magma rising between fractures in the Earth's plates is called

The two kinds of weathering are

The process by which one lithospheric plate is forced beneath another is called

Expansion and contraction of water in rock cracks due to freezing and thawing is

The types of mechanical weathering do NOT include

The agent of erosion associated with mass wasting is

Midlatitude cyclones in the U.S. generally move in what direction?

Prior to the development of a midlatitude cyclone, the polar front is a

Air masses are named by their

The air masses that originate over Canada are the

Cold fronts are characterized by

The four pedogenic processes do NOT include

The pines of the southeastern United States (near Charlotte) are characteristic of which biome?

The climate zone with the largest annual range in temperature is

The elevation at which the bottoms of clouds begin to form represents the elevation at which

The soil layer that has abundant humus and is the most fertile is the ___ layer

The conversion of solar radiation into chemical energy by plants that releases oxygen is called

The climate most noted for summer droughts and winter precipitation is

The severity of storm activity along a warm front is ____ than that along most cold fronts because the rate of uplift is ____ along a warm front

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of soil horizons from top down?

The broad biome types do NOT include

The climatic influence that results in variation in radiation intensity and lenth of day is

An mT air mass is likely to be _____ than a cT air mass b/c the mT air mass _____

When water condenses, it ____ heat energy and ____ surrounding air.

Which of the following is not an example of a soil forming factor?

The transition area where two or more ecosystems merge is the

The major climate group that is NOT based on temperature is

Which part of a hurricane consits of sinking air and relatively calm conditions?

Relative humidity is

Which of the following is Not true about soils?

Dense biomass and tremendous species diversity characterize the

A boundary where contrasting air masses mees is a

The wet adiabatic lapse rate is ____ than the dry adiabatic lapse rate because ____.

The soil horizon that has the most organic matter is labeled the ___ horizon

The biomes of the tropical monsoon climate are

The factor below with the LEAST direct significance to climate is

Which of the following are necessary for cloud formation?

Which soil order is home to Charlotte's soils?

Of the solar radiation entering the atmosphere, about ___% reaches the surface directly as direct radiation.

This process allows heat energy to be transferred between objects.

The severity of storm activity along a warm front is than that along most cold fronts because the rate of uplift is along a warm front

An mT air mass is likely to be _ than a cT air mass b/c the mT air mass _

When water condenses, it heat energy and surrounding air.

The wet adiabatic lapse rate is than the dry adiabatic lapse rate because .