Earth Structure By Cathy Pons
Answer the following questions:
Questions and Answers
- 1.
When a force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called
- A.
Earthquakes
- B.
Strains
- C.
Stresses
Correct Answer
A. EarthquakesExplanation
When rocks experience a force that exceeds their strength, they fracture and create vibrations known as earthquakes. These vibrations travel through the Earth's crust, causing the ground to shake. Earthquakes can occur due to various factors such as tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity, or human-induced activities like mining or underground explosions. The answer "earthquakes" accurately describes the phenomenon resulting from the breaking of rocks under significant force.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Most earthquakes happen______
- A.
At night
- B.
Along plate boundaries
- C.
In the inner core
- D.
All of the above answers
Correct Answer
B. Along plate boundariesExplanation
Most earthquakes happen along plate boundaries. This is because plate boundaries are areas where tectonic plates interact and collide with each other. The movement and collision of these plates create stress and pressure, which can lead to the release of energy in the form of an earthquake. Therefore, it is along these plate boundaries that most earthquakes occur. The other options, such as at night or in the inner core, are not accurate explanations for the occurrence of earthquakes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Scientists discovered changes in the earth's interior by studying______
- A.
Seismic waves
- B.
Only the crust of the earth
- C.
By traveling to the core of the earth
Correct Answer
A. Seismic wavesExplanation
Scientists discovered changes in the earth's interior by studying seismic waves. Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the earth's layers during an earthquake or other seismic events. By analyzing the behavior and characteristics of these waves, scientists can infer information about the composition, structure, and dynamics of the earth's interior. This includes identifying the boundaries between different layers, studying the movement of tectonic plates, and detecting the presence of seismic activity such as volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. Therefore, seismic waves provide valuable insights into the earth's interior without the need to physically travel to the core.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the force that squeezes rocks or plates together?
- A.
Tension
- B.
Compression
- C.
Shearing
Correct Answer
B. CompressionExplanation
Compression is the force that squeezes rocks or plates together. When two objects are pushed towards each other, compression occurs. This force causes the rocks or plates to be pressed tightly against each other, resulting in a decrease in their volume. This can lead to the formation of mountains, as the Earth's tectonic plates collide and compress against each other, causing the rocks to fold and buckle. Compression is also responsible for the formation of faults and earthquakes when the stress becomes too great for the rocks to handle.Rate this question:
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- 5.
_____is the force that pulls rocks apart.
- A.
Tension
- B.
Compression
- C.
Shearing
Correct Answer
A. TensionExplanation
Tension is the force that pulls rocks apart. When rocks are subjected to tension, they experience a pulling force that causes them to stretch and ultimately break apart. This force is commonly observed in areas where tectonic plates are moving away from each other, such as in divergent boundaries or rift zones. Tension can also occur in other geological processes, such as the stretching and thinning of rocks in fault zones.Rate this question:
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- 6.
________is the force that causes plates to move sideways past each other.
- A.
Tension
- B.
Compression
- C.
Shearing
Correct Answer
C. ShearingExplanation
Shearing is the force that causes plates to move sideways past each other. When two tectonic plates slide horizontally in opposite directions, they experience shearing forces. This type of movement often occurs along transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas Fault in California. Shearing forces cause rocks to deform and fracture, leading to earthquakes. Tension and compression forces, on the other hand, cause plates to move away from or towards each other, respectively, but not sideways.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Rocks that are produced when magma or lava cools and hardens is called______
- A.
Sedimentary
- B.
Igneous
- C.
Metamorphic
Correct Answer
B. IgneousExplanation
Igneous rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and hardens. Magma is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface, while lava is magma that reaches the surface through volcanic eruptions. As the magma or lava cools, it solidifies and forms igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and compaction of sediments, while metamorphic rocks are formed through the transformation of existing rocks under high heat and pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is igneous.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The word "metamorphic" means to_____
- A.
Change
- B.
Produce heat
- C.
Does not change
Correct Answer
A. ChangeExplanation
The word "metamorphic" is derived from the Greek word "metamorphoun," which means "to change form." Therefore, the correct answer is "change."Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which can occur in the rock cycle?
- A.
Sedimentary rock is the only rock found on earth
- B.
Igneous rock is eroded to form metamorphic rock
- C.
Metamorphic rock is melted to form sedimentary rock
- D.
None of the above answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. None of the above answers are correctExplanation
The given answer states that none of the above answers are correct. This means that none of the options listed in the question accurately describe an occurrence in the rock cycle. The rock cycle involves the continuous transformation of rocks between the three main types: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Therefore, the correct answer is that none of the listed options occur in the rock cycle.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The rock cycle shows each rock _________
- A.
As it was millions of years ago
- B.
As it was originally
- C.
On a continuing journey
Correct Answer
C. On a continuing journeyExplanation
The rock cycle is a continuous process that involves the transformation of rocks from one type to another over millions of years. It showcases how rocks are constantly changing and evolving, rather than remaining stagnant. Therefore, the correct answer "on a continuing journey" accurately describes the concept of the rock cycle.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is the hottest, most dense part of the earth?
- A.
Outer core
- B.
Inner core
- C.
Mantle
Correct Answer
B. Inner coreExplanation
The inner core is the hottest, most dense part of the Earth. It is a solid sphere made mainly of iron and nickel, with temperatures reaching up to 6,000 degrees Celsius. The immense pressure at the center of the Earth causes the inner core to remain solid despite its extremely high temperature. The outer core, on the other hand, is also molten but less dense than the inner core. The mantle, located between the outer core and the Earth's crust, is semi-solid and less dense than both the inner and outer core.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What do the plates of the crust float on inside the earth?
- A.
Asthenosphere
- B.
Inner core
- C.
Gutenberg discontinuity
Correct Answer
A. AsthenospHereExplanation
The plates of the crust float on the asthenosphere inside the earth. The asthenosphere is a semi-fluid layer of the mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere. It is characterized by its ability to flow and deform over long periods of time due to its high temperature and pressure. This allows the crustal plates to move and interact with each other, causing phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges. The asthenosphere acts as a lubricating layer that enables the movement of the crustal plates.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The movement of the outer core gives the earth______
- A.
Magnetism
- B.
Life
- C.
Color
Correct Answer
A. MagnetismExplanation
The movement of the outer core generates a magnetic field, which is responsible for Earth's magnetism. This magnetic field protects the planet from harmful solar radiation and plays a crucial role in various natural processes, such as the orientation of compass needles and the formation of auroras. Therefore, the correct answer is magnetism.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The crust and upper mantle make up the
- A.
Cores
- B.
Lithosphere
- C.
Atmosphere
Correct Answer
B. LithospHereExplanation
The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere. The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and a portion of the upper mantle. It is divided into several tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath it. The lithosphere is responsible for the formation of continents, ocean basins, and the movement of tectonic plates. It is also where most geological activity, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, occurs.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Name the scientist who first thought that all the continents were together at one time and coined the term Pangaea.
- A.
Alfred Wegener
- B.
Alfred Nobel
- C.
Alfred Jones
Correct Answer
A. Alfred WegenerExplanation
Alfred Wegener is the correct answer because he was the scientist who first proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th century. He suggested that all the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, and over time, they gradually drifted apart to form the current configuration of continents. Wegener's theory revolutionized the understanding of Earth's geological history and laid the foundation for the modern theory of plate tectonics.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the part of the earth colored yellow?
- A.
Mantle
- B.
Crust
- C.
Inner core
Correct Answer
C. Inner coreExplanation
The part of the earth colored yellow is the inner core. The inner core is the solid, dense center of the earth that is primarily composed of iron and nickel. It is located beneath the outer core and is responsible for generating the earth's magnetic field. The inner core is thought to be yellow in color due to the extreme pressure and temperature conditions present in this region of the earth.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The earth is approximately 4.5 million years old.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement is incorrect. The earth is actually estimated to be around 4.5 billion years old, not million years old. This estimation is based on various scientific methods and evidence such as radiometric dating of rocks and minerals.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 02, 2010Quiz Created by
Cpons
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