An ECG (Electrocardiogram) Quiz
ECG Prep Quiz Test 1
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Heart sounds are produced by the closing of:
- A.
Right atrium
- B.
Left atrium
- C.
Valves
- D.
Arteries
Correct Answer
C. ValvesExplanation
Heart sounds are produced by the closing of valves. When the heart beats, the valves open and close to allow blood to flow in the correct direction. The closing of the valves creates a sound that can be heard with a stethoscope. These sounds, known as heart sounds, are important for diagnosing and monitoring heart conditions.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Heart Sound S1 is best heard at the:
- A.
Second intercostal place
- B.
Third intercostal place
- C.
Left fifth intercostal space and left midclavicular line (at the apex)
Correct Answer
C. Left fifth intercostal space and left midclavicular line (at the apex)Explanation
Heart Sound S1, also known as the first heart sound, is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves. This closure occurs at the beginning of ventricular contraction, or systole. The sound is best heard at the apex of the heart, which is located at the left fifth intercostal space and left midclavicular line. This is where the mitral valve is most audible and where the sound of S1 is loudest. The second and third intercostal spaces are not the optimal locations to hear S1.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The middle layer of the heart is called:
- A.
Pericardium
- B.
Myocardium
- C.
Myometrium
- D.
Endocardium
Correct Answer
B. MyocardiumExplanation
The middle layer of the heart is called the myocardium. It is composed of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that contracts to pump blood throughout the body. The myocardium is responsible for the heart's pumping action and is thicker in the left ventricle, which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. It is surrounded by the endocardium on the inner side and the pericardium on the outer side. The myometrium and pericardium are not correct options as they refer to the layers of the uterus and the outer covering of the heart, respectively.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The valve which is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the:
- A.
Mitral valve
- B.
Aortic valve
- C.
Tricuspid valve
- D.
Pulmonary valve
Correct Answer
A. Mitral valveExplanation
The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. This valve consists of two flaps, also known as leaflets, that open and close to regulate blood flow. The mitral valve plays a crucial role in maintaining proper blood circulation within the heart, ensuring that oxygenated blood is efficiently pumped out to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 5.
State true or false: cardiac output = ejection fraction * heart rate
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
cardiac output = stroke volume * heart rateRate this question:
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- 6.
The buildup of excess fluid or excess blood in the pericardial space is known as:
- A.
Pericarditis
- B.
Cardiac tamponade
- C.
Heart failure
Correct Answer
B. Cardiac tamponadeExplanation
Cardiac tamponade refers to the accumulation of excess fluid or blood in the pericardial space, which is the space between the heart and the pericardium. This condition can lead to compression of the heart, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, and low blood pressure. Pericarditis, on the other hand, refers to inflammation of the pericardium, while heart failure is a broader term that encompasses various conditions where the heart is unable to pump blood adequately.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The major intracellular ion is:
- A.
Sodium
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Magnesium
- D.
Calcium
Correct Answer
B. PotassiumExplanation
Potassium is the major intracellular ion because it is primarily found inside the cells, while sodium is mainly found outside the cells. Potassium plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as maintaining cell membrane potential, regulating fluid balance, and supporting nerve and muscle function. It is essential for proper cell function and is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses and the contraction of muscles. Magnesium and calcium are also important intracellular ions, but they are not as abundant as potassium within the cells.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The major extra cellular ion is:
- A.
Sodium
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Magnesium
- D.
Calcium
Correct Answer
A. SodiumExplanation
Sodium is the major extracellular ion because it plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of water and electrolytes in the body. It is responsible for regulating fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Sodium ions are predominantly found outside the cells, while potassium ions are mainly found inside the cells. Magnesium and calcium are also important ions in the body, but they are not the major extracellular ions.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The blood vessel that caries oxygenated blood away from the heart is:
- A.
Capillary
- B.
Venule
- C.
Vein
- D.
Artery
Correct Answer
D. ArteryExplanation
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. They have thick, elastic walls that help to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart. The oxygenated blood is transported to various parts of the body through arteries, providing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Arteries gradually branch into smaller vessels called arterioles, which further divide into capillaries where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with the surrounding tissues. Therefore, arteries are responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the body's organs and tissues.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The largest artery that carries blood to all the parts of the body from the left side of the heart is called:
- A.
Vena cava
- B.
Aorta
- C.
Carotid artery
- D.
Mesenteric artery
Correct Answer
B. AortaExplanation
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of the body. It branches out into smaller arteries, delivering oxygen and nutrients to various organs and tissues. The vena cava, on the other hand, is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck, while the mesenteric artery supplies blood to the intestines.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Blood from the pulmonary vein returns to the:
- A.
Lungs
- B.
Left atrium
- C.
Superior vena cava
- D.
Brian
Correct Answer
B. Left atriumExplanation
Blood from the pulmonary vein returns to the left atrium. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Once the blood reaches the left atrium, it is then pumped into the left ventricle and eventually sent out to the rest of the body through the aorta. The left atrium acts as a receiving chamber for oxygenated blood, allowing it to be efficiently distributed to the rest of the body's tissues and organs.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The blood from the heart travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen through the:
- A.
Pulmonary arteries
- B.
Pulmonary veins
- C.
Subclavian arteries
- D.
Cardiac arteries
Correct Answer
A. Pulmonary arteriesExplanation
The blood from the heart travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen through the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. Once the blood is oxygenated, it returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins to be pumped to the rest of the body. Therefore, the pulmonary arteries play a crucial role in the oxygenation of blood in the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The two upper chambers of the heart are called:
- A.
Ventricles
- B.
Atria
- C.
Peritoneal cavity
- D.
Aorta
Correct Answer
B. AtriaExplanation
The correct answer is Atria. The two upper chambers of the heart are called atria. These chambers receive blood from the veins and pump it into the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart. The atria play a crucial role in the circulation of blood, as they help to ensure that blood flows in the correct direction and that the heart functions efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The cardiac output refers to the volume of blood that is pumped out by the heart in one minute. It is specifically the amount of blood that is pumped into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. This measure is important in assessing the overall functioning of the heart and its ability to supply oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Therefore, the statement that the cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart is correct.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A double walled sac that encloses heart and helps protect it from trauma and infections is:
- A.
Endocardium
- B.
Myocardium
- C.
Epicardium
- D.
Pericardium
Correct Answer
D. PericardiumExplanation
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart from trauma and infections. It provides a barrier against external forces and helps to maintain the position of the heart within the chest cavity. The outer layer of the pericardium, called the fibrous pericardium, is tough and durable, while the inner layer, called the serous pericardium, produces a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats. Together, these layers form a protective enclosure for the heart, ensuring its proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Superior and Inferior vena cava are:
- A.
The largest arteries of the body
- B.
The largest lymphatic of the blood
- C.
The largest nerves in the body
- D.
The largest veins of the body
Correct Answer
D. The largest veins of the bodyExplanation
The superior and inferior vena cava are the largest veins of the body. The superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body back to the heart, while the inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart. These veins play a crucial role in the circulatory system by ensuring the return of blood to the heart for oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Aorta is the continuation of:
- A.
Right atria
- B.
Left atria
- C.
Left ventricle
- D.
Right ventricle
Correct Answer
C. Left ventricleExplanation
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and is responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It is the continuation of the left ventricle, which pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart and into the aorta. The left ventricle has thicker walls compared to the right ventricle because it needs to generate enough force to push blood throughout the entire body, while the right ventricle only needs to pump blood to the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is the left ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Normal heart rate in adults is:
- A.
30 – 60 bpm
- B.
60 – 100 bpm
- C.
100 – 120 bpm
- D.
120 -180 bpm
Correct Answer
B. 60 – 100 bpmExplanation
The normal heart rate in adults is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. This range is considered healthy and indicates that the heart is functioning properly. A heart rate below 60 may indicate bradycardia, while a heart rate above 100 may indicate tachycardia. It is important to note that individual factors such as age, fitness level, and underlying medical conditions can influence an individual's heart rate.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Diastole is the period of relaxation during which the chambers are allowed to fill:
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During diastole, the heart muscles relax, and the chambers of the heart are allowed to fill with blood. This is an essential phase in the cardiac cycle as it allows the heart to receive an adequate amount of blood before the next contraction (systole). During diastole, the atria and ventricles expand, creating lower pressure within the heart, which facilitates the flow of blood from the veins into the heart chambers. Therefore, the statement "Diastole is the period of relaxation during which the chambers are allowed to fill" is true.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The heart rate is decreased to 40 bpm and stroke volume remains to 70 ml / beat. What is the cardiac output and whether the cardiac output is the same, increased or decreased?
- A.
3400ml / min cardiac output is decreased
- B.
2800 ml / min cardiac output is decreased
- C.
4800ml / min cardiac output remains the same
- D.
11400 ml / min cardiac output is increased
Correct Answer
B. 2800 ml / min cardiac output is decreasedExplanation
The cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the heart rate by the stroke volume. In this case, the heart rate is decreased to 40 bpm and the stroke volume remains at 70 ml/beat. Therefore, the cardiac output would be 40 bpm x 70 ml/beat = 2800 ml/min. Since the initial cardiac output is not provided, we cannot determine whether it has increased or decreased. However, the given answer states that the cardiac output is decreased, which is correct based on the information provided.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The terminal ends of the bundle branches which is located in the ventricular endocardium and has intrinsic rate of 20 – 40 beats per second:
- A.
SA mode
- B.
Bundle of His
- C.
Purkinjee fibres
- D.
AV mode
Correct Answer
C. Purkinjee fibresExplanation
Purkinjee fibers are the correct answer because they are located in the ventricular endocardium and have an intrinsic rate of 20-40 beats per second. These fibers are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses through the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump blood. The SA mode refers to the sinoatrial node, which is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses in the heart. The Bundle of His and AV mode refer to other parts of the electrical conduction system in the heart, but they do not match the given description.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is the duration of time delay in the AV mode:
- A.
0.12 – 20 seconds
- B.
0.10 - 0.18 seconds
- C.
0.06 – 0.10 seconds
- D.
0.04 – 0.10 seconds
Correct Answer
A. 0.12 – 20 secondsExplanation
The duration of time delay in the AV mode can range from 0.12 to 20 seconds.Rate this question:
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Apr 18, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Mar 16, 2010Quiz Created by
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