Can You Guess The Philosopher's Name?
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This quiz is a real test for those interested in philosophy, history, and literature.
You have to guess the philosopher's name by the given quote or statement.
This is going to be a long quiz, so get your cup of coffee and jump in the quiz!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
He emphasized nature and the natural way of doing things. Education should occur in a natural rather than artificial environment and should be a natural outgrowth of the child's development rather than a set of contrived experiences.
- A.
Johann Henirich Pestalozzi
- B.
Fredrich Froebel
- C.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- D.
Maria Montessori
- E.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Correct Answer
E. Jean Jacques RousseauExplanation
Jean Jacques Rousseau emphasized the importance of nature and natural methods in education. He believed that education should take place in a natural environment and should align with the child's natural development. Rousseau rejected the idea of artificial or contrived experiences in education, instead advocating for a more organic and holistic approach. This aligns with the given statement that education should be a natural outgrowth of the child's development.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Human beings are by nature good but are corrupted by the institutions of "civilized" society.
- A.
Johann Henirich Pestalozzi
- B.
Fredrich Froebel
- C.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
- D.
Maria Montessori
- E.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
Correct Answer
C. Jean Jacques RousseauExplanation
Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that human beings are inherently good, but they become corrupted by the institutions of society. He argued that society's rules and structures force individuals to conform to societal norms, which can lead to the suppression of their natural goodness. Rousseau believed that in their natural state, humans are compassionate, empathetic, and cooperative. However, the constraints imposed by society, such as inequality and competition, corrupt individuals and lead to negative behaviors. Rousseau's ideas influenced many educational theorists, emphasizing the importance of nurturing a child's natural goodness and allowing them to develop freely.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Childhood is unlike adulthood and those differences should be allowed and encouraged. Children should not be expected to take on adult responsibilities or forced to live by adult standards. Childhood is a qualitatively distinct period of life for which special freedom and nurture should be provided.
- A.
Johann Henirich Pestalozzi
- B.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
- C.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- D.
Maria Montessori
- E.
Fredrich Froebel
Correct Answer
B. Jean Jacques RousseauExplanation
Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that childhood is a unique and separate stage of life that should be protected and nurtured. He argued against the idea of forcing children to conform to adult standards and responsibilities. Rousseau believed that children should be allowed to develop at their own pace and be given the freedom to explore and learn through play. His ideas greatly influenced the field of education and laid the foundation for the concept of child-centered learning.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Because the child is innately good and the teacher has been corrupted, the educational process should be child-centered, not content-centered or teacher-centered.
- A.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
- B.
Fredrich Froebel
- C.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- D.
Maria Montessori
- E.
Johann Henirich Pestalozzi
Correct Answer
A. Jean Jacques RousseauExplanation
Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that children are naturally good and that it is society and education that corrupts them. He argued that the educational process should be focused on the child's individual needs and interests, rather than centered around the content or the teacher. This child-centered approach allows the child to develop their own unique abilities and talents, fostering their innate goodness. Rousseau's ideas have greatly influenced modern educational theories, such as Montessori and Froebel, who also emphasize the importance of child-centered education.Rate this question:
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- 5.
He believed that all mental activities were the result of interactions of numerous elementary ideas, rather than all concepts stemming from a one set of mental ideas which was the predominant view of that time.
- A.
Maria Montessori
- B.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- C.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
- D.
Johann Henirich Pestalozzi
- E.
Fredrich Froebel
Correct Answer
B. Johann Friedrich HerbartExplanation
Johann Friedrich Herbart believed that all mental activities were the result of interactions of numerous elementary ideas, rather than all concepts stemming from a one set of mental ideas which was the predominant view of that time.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Education should be "negative" or "subtractive." That is, the less the teacher interferes in the child's natural development, the better off the child will be. The teacher is a guide or facilitator, not an instructor.
- A.
Johann Henirich Pestalozzi
- B.
Fredrich Froebel
- C.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- D.
Maria Montessori
- E.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Correct Answer
E. Jean Jacques RousseauExplanation
Jean Jacques Rousseau believed in the concept of negative or subtractive education, where the teacher's role is to guide and facilitate rather than instruct. According to Rousseau, interfering less in a child's natural development would lead to better outcomes. This aligns with the given statement that education should be negative or subtractive. Therefore, Jean Jacques Rousseau is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Education should be informal. It should occur outside the school in the "real" world and should grow out of the experiences the child has on a day to day basis.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Montessori
- E.
Herbart
Correct Answer
A. RousseauExplanation
Rousseau believed that education should be informal and take place outside of the traditional school setting. He argued that children learn best through their own experiences and interactions with the world around them. This philosophy emphasizes the importance of hands-on learning and allowing children to explore and discover knowledge on their own. Rousseau's ideas have had a significant influence on educational theories and practices, particularly in the development of alternative education methods such as Montessori and experiential learning.Rate this question:
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- 8.
All his undertakings proved failures, and yet he is the most influential of modern educators. There was nothing attractive in his external appearance. He had read very few books, possessed neither philosophical penetration nor mastery of method, and entirely lacked talent for organization. ...in spite of all these drawbacks, he exerted a profound influence on modern education was due chiefly to his self-sacrificing love for children, and his enthusiasm for educational work.
Correct Answer
Johann Henrich Pestalozzi
PestalozziExplanation
Johann Henrich Pestalozzi, also known as Pestalozzi, is the correct answer to the question. Despite his external appearance, lack of extensive reading, philosophical understanding, method mastery, and organizational talent, Pestalozzi had a significant impact on modern education. This influence can be attributed primarily to his self-sacrificing love for children and his enthusiasm for educational work.Rate this question:
- 9.
The object lesson, invented by this educator, is the core of his whole system, and exercises are based more on the study of objects than of words.
Correct Answer
Pestalozzi
Johann Heinrich PestalozziExplanation
The correct answer is Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Pestalozzi was an educator who developed a teaching method that focused on using objects as the basis for learning. The object lesson, which he invented, was central to his educational system. In his approach, students would study objects directly rather than relying solely on words. This hands-on and experiential approach aimed to make learning more engaging and effective.Rate this question:
- 10.
The ideas of the educator, stripped of their eccentricities by his disciples, became prominent features in modern education.
Correct Answer
Pestalozzi
Johan Heinrich PestalozziExplanation
Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi's ideas were popularized and widely adopted in modern education after being refined and simplified by his followers. The disciples of Pestalozzi removed any eccentricities or unconventional elements from his teachings, making them more accessible and applicable to contemporary educational practices. As a result, Pestalozzi's ideas became prominent features in modern education.Rate this question:
- 11.
Promoted the making of education accessible to the poor, not only by providing schools but by teaching subjects in those schools that were interesting to and valued by common folk. He desired to get away from classical curriculum, that was perceived to be elitist, and teach more practical subjects.
Correct Answer
Pestalozzi
Johan Heirich PestalozziExplanation
Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi promoted the making of education accessible to the poor by not only providing schools but also teaching subjects that were interesting and valued by common people. He aimed to move away from the classical curriculum, which was seen as elitist, and instead focus on teaching practical subjects. Pestalozzi believed that education should be relevant and useful for everyone, regardless of their social status.Rate this question:
- 12.
He made popular the idea of teaching by getting students actively involved in learning through using all of their senses. His particular method for doing this was called the object lesson.
Correct Answer
Pestalozzi
Johan Heinrich PestalozziExplanation
Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi was a Swiss educational reformer who popularized the idea of teaching by actively involving students in the learning process. He believed in engaging all of the students' senses to enhance their understanding. His method, known as the object lesson, focused on using tangible objects and real-life examples to teach concepts. Pestalozzi's approach revolutionized education by emphasizing hands-on learning and making education more interactive and engaging for students.Rate this question:
- 13.
According to ________________, schemes are basic building blocks, organized systems of actions or thoughts that enable us to mentally represent the object and events of the world in an attempt to adapt to the environment. As schemes become increasingly more complex they are termed structures.
Correct Answer
Jean Piaget
PiagetExplanation
Jean Piaget, a renowned Swiss psychologist, proposed the theory of cognitive development. According to Piaget, schemes are the fundamental units of cognitive development. These schemes are organized systems of actions or thoughts that allow individuals to mentally represent and understand objects and events in the world. The purpose of schemes is to help individuals adapt to their environment. As individuals grow and develop, their schemes become more complex, and these complex schemes are referred to as structures. Piaget's theory emphasizes the importance of schemes in shaping cognitive development and understanding how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them.Rate this question:
- 14.
He defined education as the harmonious development of all the powers of the child, especially the intellect. This represented a fundamental shift in thinking from traditional schools which saw education as specialized institution for the development of the intellect alone.
- A.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
- B.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
- C.
Fredrich Froebel
- D.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- E.
Maria Montessori
Correct Answer
C. Fredrich FroebelExplanation
Fredrich Froebel is the correct answer because he is known for his contributions to early childhood education and for developing the concept of the Kindergarten. He believed in the holistic development of the child, emphasizing the importance of nurturing all aspects of a child's development, including their intellect. This aligns with the statement that education should be the harmonious development of all the powers of the child, not just the intellect. This idea was a departure from traditional schools that focused solely on intellectual development.Rate this question:
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- 15.
This educator stresses the respect with which the individuality and ability of each child should be treated; the importance of creating a happy, harmonious environment in which he or she can grow; and the value of self-activity and play as a foundation on which the integrated development of the whole person can be built.
- A.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
- B.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
- C.
Fredrich Froebel
- D.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- E.
Maria Montessori
Correct Answer
C. Fredrich FroebelExplanation
Friedrich Froebel is the correct answer because his educational philosophy aligns with the description given in the question. Froebel emphasized the respect for each child's individuality and abilities, the importance of creating a harmonious environment for their growth, and the value of self-activity and play in their development. His approach, known as the Froebel's Kindergarten, focused on holistic development and laid the foundation for modern early childhood education.Rate this question:
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- 16.
According to ________________, in the concrete operational stage, children are capable of taking another person's point of view and incorporating more than one perspective simultaneously.
Correct Answer
Jean Piaget
PiagetExplanation
Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, proposed a theory of cognitive development that included the concrete operational stage. In this stage, children between the ages of 7 and 11 are able to think logically and understand concrete concepts. They develop the ability to take another person's point of view and consider multiple perspectives simultaneously. Piaget's theory emphasizes the importance of active learning and exploration in children's cognitive development.Rate this question:
- 17.
He believed that humans are essentially productive and creative, and that fulfillment comes through developing these in harmony with God and the world. His vision was to stimulate an appreciation and love for children, to provide a new but small world for children to play with their age group and experience their first gentle taste of independence.
- A.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
- B.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
- C.
Fredrich Froebel
- D.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
- E.
Maria Montessori
Correct Answer
C. Fredrich FroebelExplanation
Friedrich Froebel believed that humans are essentially productive and creative, and that fulfillment comes through developing these qualities in harmony with God and the world. His vision was to stimulate an appreciation and love for children, providing them with a new but small world to play in with their age group, allowing them to experience their first taste of independence. This aligns with Froebel's philosophy of education, which emphasized the importance of play and hands-on learning in a nurturing environment.Rate this question:
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- 18.
This educator believed he taught the right way to deal with the child's soul as it gradually awoke from unconsciousness, because he understood clearly the relation between the unconcious condition of childhood and the conciousness of the mature mind.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
C. FroebelExplanation
Froebel believed that he taught the right way to deal with a child's soul as it gradually awoke from unconsciousness because he understood the relationship between the unconscious condition of childhood and the consciousness of the mature mind.Rate this question:
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- 19.
This educator combines doing with observing. Then he lets children represent their observations objectively and certainly, not only by imitation but freely by remembrance, which thereby prepares for inventive activity.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
C. FroebelExplanation
Froebel is the correct answer because he believed in combining hands-on activities with observation. He emphasized the importance of allowing children to represent their observations objectively and freely, rather than simply imitating others. This approach prepares children for inventive and creative thinking.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Is known as the "Father of Kindergarten" because he developed the first kindergarten in Germany in 1837.. His kindergarten developed theories and practices that are still being used today in kindergarten classrooms. His ideas were that children need to have play time in order to learn.
Correct Answer
Fredrich Froebel
FroebelExplanation
Fredrich Froebel is known as the "Father of Kindergarten" because he developed the first kindergarten in Germany in 1837. His kindergarten was based on the idea that children learn best through play. Froebel's theories and practices revolutionized early childhood education and are still influential today. He believed that playtime was essential for children's learning and development, and his ideas laid the foundation for modern kindergarten classrooms. Froebel's innovative approach emphasized hands-on activities, creativity, and social interaction, which are still considered fundamental components of early childhood education.Rate this question:
- 21.
_____________is acknowledged to be the “father of scientific pedagogy.”
Correct Answer
Johann Friedrich herbart
HerbartExplanation
Johann Friedrich Herbart is acknowledged as the "father of scientific pedagogy" because of his significant contributions to the field of education. Herbart developed a systematic approach to teaching and learning, emphasizing the importance of individualized instruction, active learning, and the use of scientific methods in education. He believed in the importance of connecting new knowledge to prior experiences and understanding, and his ideas greatly influenced the development of modern educational theories and practices.Rate this question:
- 22.
This German educator/philosopher saw the teacher's essential task as identifying the existing interests of the student and relating them to the great store of human experience and culture in order to help the student become part of civilized life. He also held that the ultimate goal of education was the building of ethical character rather than the acquisition of knowledge.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
D. HerbartExplanation
Herbart, the German educator/philosopher, believed that the teacher's main role was to identify the student's existing interests and connect them with the vast knowledge and culture of humanity. By doing so, the teacher could help the student become a part of civilized society. Herbart also emphasized that the ultimate aim of education should be the development of ethical character rather than solely focusing on acquiring knowledge. Therefore, Herbart's ideas align with the description provided in the question.Rate this question:
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- 23.
This german educator/philosopher emphasized the importance of relating new concepts to the experience of the learner so that there would be less resistance to apperception of new ideas. He stressed the need for moral education through experience and brought the work of teaching into the area of conscious method.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
D. HerbartExplanation
Herbart, the correct answer, was a German educator and philosopher who believed in the importance of relating new concepts to the learner's experience. He emphasized that by connecting new ideas to what the learner already knows, there would be less resistance to understanding and accepting new information. Herbart also emphasized the need for moral education through practical experiences and brought a conscious method to the teaching process.Rate this question:
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- 24.
_____________and his followers designed a 5-step teaching method:
- Prepare the pupils to be ready for the new lesson.
- Present the new lesson.
- Associate the new lesson with ideas studied earlier.
- use examples to illustrate the lesson’s major points.
- Test pupils to ensure they had learned the new lesson.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
D. HerbartExplanation
Herbart and his followers designed a 5-step teaching method. The first step is to prepare the pupils to be ready for the new lesson. This involves creating a conducive learning environment and getting the students mentally prepared for the upcoming lesson. The second step is to present the new lesson, where the teacher introduces the topic and provides the necessary information. The third step is to associate the new lesson with ideas studied earlier, helping students make connections and deepen their understanding. The fourth step is to use examples to illustrate the lesson's major points, making the content more relatable and easier to comprehend. Finally, the fifth step is to test pupils to ensure they have learned the new lesson, assessing their understanding and retention.Rate this question:
- 25.
Since there is no substantive mind to be trained, it can no longer be said that learning is a matter of disciplining or training a mind; rather, learning is the formation of the _____________that constitutes a mind.
Correct Answer
apperceptive massExplanation
The given answer, "apperceptive mass," refers to the collection of experiences, knowledge, and perceptions that make up an individual's mind. This concept suggests that learning is not just about training or disciplining the mind, but rather about the accumulation and organization of these experiences and knowledge. It implies that learning involves the integration and synthesis of various cognitive elements to form a coherent understanding of the world.Rate this question:
- 26.
"right thinking will produce right action; volition or willing has its roots in thought." This statement belongs to which of the following approaches to teaching/learning
- A.
Mental discipline
- B.
Natural undfoldment
- C.
Apperception
Correct Answer
B. Natural undfoldmentExplanation
The statement suggests that the approach to teaching/learning being referred to is "natural unfoldment." This approach emphasizes that correct actions and volition stem from right thinking. It implies that individuals naturally develop and grow through their own internal processes and experiences, rather than through external influences or strict discipline.Rate this question:
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- 27.
"In this outlook on the nature of learning, mind is wholly a matter of content -- a compound of elemental impressions bound together by association and formed when subject matter is presented from without and makes certain associations or connections with prior content of the mind." This statement belongs to which of the following approaches to teaching/learning
- A.
Apperception
- B.
Natural unfoldment
- C.
Mental discipline
Correct Answer
A. ApperceptionExplanation
This statement belongs to the approach of apperception. Apperception refers to the process of assimilating new information or experiences into existing cognitive structures or mental frameworks. According to this approach, learning occurs when new subject matter is presented from outside and connects with prior knowledge or experiences in the mind. The mind is seen as a collection of elemental impressions that are bound together through associations and connections. This approach emphasizes the importance of activating prior knowledge and making meaningful connections in the learning process.Rate this question:
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- 28.
"This outlook on the nature of learning stems logically from the theory that unless and until human beings are corrupted by some outside influences, every act that comes from them will be good." This statement belongs to which of the following approaches to teaching/learning
- A.
Apperception
- B.
Natural unfoldment
- C.
Mental discipline
Correct Answer
B. Natural unfoldmentExplanation
The statement suggests that every act that comes from human beings will be good unless they are corrupted by outside influences. This aligns with the approach of natural unfoldment, which believes that individuals have an innate capacity for learning and growth. It emphasizes allowing learners to develop naturally without imposing external influences or constraints on their learning process.Rate this question:
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- 29.
"Since children grow up unfolding what nature has enfolded within them, devotees of this position tend to place great emphasis on the study of child growth and development and to minimize the study of learning" This statement belongs to which of the following approaches to teaching/learning
- A.
Mental discipline
- B.
Natural unfoldment
- C.
Apperception
Correct Answer
B. Natural unfoldmentExplanation
The given statement suggests that the approach to teaching/learning being described places great emphasis on the study of child growth and development and minimizes the study of learning. This aligns with the idea of "natural unfoldment," which suggests that children naturally grow and develop according to their inherent nature, and learning occurs as a result of this natural process. Therefore, the correct answer is "natural unfoldment."Rate this question:
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- 30.
This educator's contributions to the work of those of us raising and educating children are in these areas:
- Preparing the most natural and life-supporting environments for the child
- Observing the child living freely in this environment
- Continually adapting the environment in order that the chid may fulfill his or her greatest potential, physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
E. MontessoriExplanation
Montessori's contributions to the work of raising and educating children are focused on preparing natural and supportive environments for the child, observing the child living freely in this environment, and continually adapting the environment to help the child reach their full potential in various aspects of life.Rate this question:
- 31.
This educator was given the opportunity to study "normal" children, taking charge of fifty poor children of the dirty, desolate streets of the San Lorenzo slum on the outskirts of Rome. The news of the unprecedented success of in this Casa dei Bambini "House of Children" soon spread around the world, people coming from far and wide to see the children for themselves.
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
E. MontessoriExplanation
Montessori is the correct answer because the passage mentions that this educator had the opportunity to study "normal" children and took charge of fifty poor children in a slum in Rome. The passage also states that the success of the Casa dei Bambini, which was Montessori's educational approach, spread worldwide and attracted people from different places to see the children. This information aligns with the principles and impact of the Montessori method of education.Rate this question:
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- 32.
"IF we are to develop a system of scientific pedagogy, we must, then, proceed along lines very different from those which have been followed up to the present time. The transformation of the school must be contemporaneous with the preparation of the teacher. For if we make of the teacher an observer, familiar with the experimental methods, then we must make it possible for her to observe and to experiment in the school."
- A.
Rousseau
- B.
Pestalozzi
- C.
Froebel
- D.
Herbart
- E.
Montessori
Correct Answer
E. MontessoriExplanation
The given quote emphasizes the need for a system of scientific pedagogy and suggests that in order to achieve this, the transformation of the school must happen at the same time as the preparation of the teacher. The quote also mentions the importance of making it possible for the teacher to observe and experiment in the school. The educational approach developed by Maria Montessori aligns with these ideas, as it emphasizes hands-on learning, observation, and experimentation, allowing students to explore and discover knowledge for themselves. Therefore, Montessori is the correct answer based on the given explanation.Rate this question:
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- 33.
His theory, Connectionism, stated that learning was the formation of a connection between stimulus and response.
- A.
Edward Thorndike
- B.
John B. Watson
- C.
B.F. Skinner
- D.
Ivan Pavlov
Correct Answer
A. Edward ThorndikeExplanation
Edward Thorndike's theory of Connectionism proposed that learning occurs through the formation of connections between stimuli and responses. This means that when a stimulus is presented, it triggers a response, and through repeated experiences, these connections become strengthened. Thorndike's theory emphasized the importance of reinforcement and reward in learning, suggesting that positive outcomes increase the likelihood of a response being repeated. His work laid the foundation for later behaviorist theories, such as those of B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson, who further developed the understanding of how stimuli and responses shape behavior.Rate this question:
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- 34.
______________'s experimental research gained much respect throughout Russia as well as America and the rest of the nations. Although he began his investigations late in life he managed to develop the major constructs of a fully realized field of learning
- A.
Edward Thorndike
- B.
John B. Watson
- C.
B.F. Skinner
- D.
Ivan Pavlov
Correct Answer
D. Ivan PavlovExplanation
Ivan Pavlov's experimental research gained much respect throughout Russia as well as America and the rest of the nations. Although he began his investigations late in life he managed to develop the major constructs of a fully realized field of learning.Rate this question:
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- 35.
He believed that intelligence is the ability to form connections and humans are the most evolved animal because they form more connections then any other being.
Correct Answer
Edward Thorndike
ThorndikeExplanation
Edward Thorndike believed that intelligence is the ability to form connections, and he argued that humans are the most evolved animal because they are capable of forming more connections than any other being. Thorndike's theory of intelligence focused on the concept of learning through trial and error, and he believed that the ability to make connections and learn from experience is what sets humans apart from other animals.Rate this question:
- 36.
His theory, Connectionism, stated that learning was the formation of a connection between stimulus and response.
- A.
Edward Thorndike
- B.
John B. Watson
- C.
B.F. Skinner
- D.
Ivan Pavlov
Correct Answer
A. Edward ThorndikeExplanation
Edward Thorndike is the correct answer because his theory, Connectionism, proposed that learning occurs through the formation of connections between stimuli and responses. This theory suggests that when a stimulus is consistently followed by a response, a connection is formed between the two, leading to learning. Thorndike's work laid the foundation for behaviorism and influenced other prominent psychologists such as B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson. Ivan Pavlov, on the other hand, is known for his work on classical conditioning, which is a different learning theory.Rate this question:
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- 37.
According to this theorist, unconditioned stimulus (US) is an event that causes a response to occur, which is referred to as the unconditioned response (UR). .
Correct Answer
Ivan Pavlov
PavlovExplanation
Ivan Pavlov is the correct answer because he is the theorist who developed the concept of classical conditioning, which involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus (US) with a neutral stimulus to elicit a conditioned response (CR). Pavlov's experiments with dogs demonstrated that an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) could elicit an unconditioned response (such as salivation), and through repeated pairings with a neutral stimulus (such as a bell), the neutral stimulus could become a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits a conditioned response (CR) (such as salivation in response to the bell alone). Pavlov's work laid the foundation for understanding how associations are formed between stimuli and responses.Rate this question:
- 38.
______________was a Russian physiologist whose research on the physiology of digestion led to the development of the first experimental model of learning, Classical Conditioning. Most of his research was gathered studying salivating dogs.
Correct Answer
Ivan Pavlov
PavlovExplanation
Ivan Pavlov, also known as Pavlov, was a Russian physiologist who conducted research on the physiology of digestion. His experiments with dogs led to the development of Classical Conditioning, which is the first experimental model of learning. Through his studies, Pavlov discovered that dogs could be conditioned to associate a neutral stimulus, such as the sound of a bell, with a reflex response, such as salivating. This groundbreaking research laid the foundation for understanding how behaviors can be learned and conditioned in both animals and humans.Rate this question:
- 39.
According to this theorist, psychology, is a purely objective, experimental branch of natural science which needs introspection as little as do the sciences of chemistry and physics.
- A.
Thorndike
- B.
Pavlov
- C.
Watson
- D.
Skinner
Correct Answer
C. WatsonExplanation
Watson, the correct answer, believed that psychology should be purely objective and experimental, similar to the natural sciences of chemistry and physics. He argued against the use of introspection, which is the subjective examination of one's own thoughts and feelings, in the study of psychology. Instead, Watson advocated for the use of observable behaviors as the basis for understanding human behavior.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Certainly this theorist's research methods would be questioned today; however, his work did demonstrate the role of conditioning in the development of emotional responses to certain stimuli. This may explain certain fears, phobias and prejudices that people develop.
- A.
Edward Thorndike
- B.
Ivan Pavlov
- C.
John B. Watson
- D.
B.F. Skinner
Correct Answer
C. John B. WatsonExplanation
John B. Watson is the correct answer because his research methods, specifically his controversial "Little Albert" experiment, would be heavily criticized today. However, his work did show the importance of conditioning in the formation of emotional responses to specific stimuli. This suggests that fears, phobias, and prejudices may be learned through conditioning processes.Rate this question:
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- 41.
By eliminating states of consciousness as proper objects of investigation, this theorist sought to remove the barrier of subjectivity from psychology which exists between it and the other sciences.
- A.
Edward Thorndike
- B.
Ivan Pavlov
- C.
John B. Watson
- D.
B.F. Skinner
Correct Answer
C. John B. WatsonExplanation
John B. Watson sought to remove the barrier of subjectivity from psychology by eliminating states of consciousness as proper objects of investigation. He believed that psychology should focus solely on observable behavior, and that subjective experiences should not be considered valid scientific data. Watson's approach, known as behaviorism, aimed to make psychology more objective and scientific, aligning it with other sciences that study observable phenomena.Rate this question:
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- 42.
________________'s work differs from that of his predecessors (classical conditioning), in that he studied operant behavior (voluntary behaviors used in operating on the environment).
- A.
Thorndike
- B.
Pavlov
- C.
Watson
- D.
Skinner
Correct Answer
D. SkinnerExplanation
Skinner's work differs from that of his predecessors in classical conditioning because he focused on studying operant behavior, which refers to voluntary behaviors that individuals use to operate on their environment. Unlike classical conditioning, which involves the association between a stimulus and a response, Skinner's operant conditioning focused on how behaviors are strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow them. Skinner's research and theories have had a significant impact on understanding human behavior and learning processes.Rate this question:
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- 43.
According to this theorist, responses that are rewarded are likely to be repeated.
Correct Answer
B.F. Skinner
SkinnerExplanation
B.F. Skinner, a renowned theorist, believed that behaviors that are reinforced or rewarded are more likely to be repeated in the future. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning suggests that positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. By associating rewards with specific responses, individuals are motivated to continue performing those actions. Skinner's research and experiments on behavior and conditioning have had a significant impact on psychology and learning theories.Rate this question:
- 44.
N 1938, he wrote The Behavior of Organisms in which the characteristics of operant behavior were becoming defined.
Correct Answer
B.F. Skinner
SkinnerExplanation
The given correct answer is B.F. Skinner. B.F. Skinner is the author of the book "The Behavior of Organisms" in which he defined the characteristics of operant behavior. Therefore, it can be inferred that B.F. Skinner is the correct answer.Rate this question:
- 45.
According to this theorist, responses that allow escape from painful or undesirable situations are likely to be repeated.
- A.
Skinner
- B.
Watson
- C.
Pavlov
- D.
Thorndike
Correct Answer
A. SkinnerExplanation
Skinner is the correct answer because he is known for his theory of operant conditioning, which states that behaviors that are followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated. Skinner believed that individuals learn through their interactions with the environment, and that behaviors are shaped through reinforcement and punishment. Therefore, if a response allows escape from painful or undesirable situations, it is likely to be repeated because it is reinforced by the removal of the aversive stimulus.Rate this question:
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- 46.
According to this theorist, responses that bring painful or undesirable consequences will be suppressed, but may reappear if reinforcement contingencies change.
- A.
Watson
- B.
Pavlov
- C.
Thorndike
- D.
Skinner
Correct Answer
D. SkinnerExplanation
Skinner is the correct answer because he is known for his work on operant conditioning, which involves the use of reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior. According to Skinner's theory, responses that are followed by painful or undesirable consequences will be suppressed, but they may reappear if the reinforcement contingencies change. Skinner's research focused on how behavior is influenced by its consequences, and he developed the concept of operant conditioning to explain this process.Rate this question:
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- 47.
___________________argued that people are born with schemes, tendency to organize their thinking processes, which at birth he called reflexes.
Correct Answer
Jean Piaget
PiagetExplanation
Jean Piaget argued that people are born with schemes, which are tendencies to organize their thinking processes. These schemes, initially called reflexes by Piaget, are innate and present at birth. Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of these schemes in shaping an individual's intellectual growth and understanding of the world. By actively interacting with their environment, individuals modify and expand their schemes, leading to the development of more complex cognitive structures.Rate this question:
- 48.
According to ________________, in the formal operational stage, children still need to revise their knowledge base. Children by this stage are self motivators. They learn from reading and trying out new ideas as well as from helping friends and adults. He believed that not everyone reaches this stage of development.
Correct Answer
Jean Piaget
PiagetExplanation
In the formal operational stage, Jean Piaget believed that children still need to revise their knowledge base. He also believed that children at this stage are self-motivated and learn from reading, trying out new ideas, and helping others. Piaget acknowledged that not everyone reaches this stage of development.Rate this question:
- 49.
According to ________________, in the sensorimotor stage, the child develops simple activities to a wider range of situations and coordinates them into lengthy chains of behavior.
Correct Answer
Jean Piaget
PiagetExplanation
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development states that in the sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to around 2 years old, a child's understanding of the world is based on their sensory experiences and actions. During this stage, the child learns to coordinate their simple activities, such as grasping and sucking, into more complex behaviors. They also begin to understand cause and effect relationships and develop object permanence. Piaget's theory emphasizes the active role of the child in constructing their knowledge and understanding of the world.Rate this question:
- 50.
According to ________________, in the preoperational stage, children start to use mental imagery and language. Children here are very egocentric. These children view things that are happening around them in only one point of view...their's.
Correct Answer
Jean Piaget
PiagetExplanation
The given answer is the name of the theorist who proposed the concept described in the question. Jean Piaget is a well-known developmental psychologist who identified and described the stages of cognitive development in children. He suggested that during the preoperational stage, children begin to use mental imagery and language, but they are also egocentric, meaning they have difficulty understanding other people's perspectives and can only see things from their own point of view. The second option, "Piaget," is simply the last name of the theorist and is provided as an alternative for those familiar with his work.Rate this question:
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Nov 16, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 28, 2009Quiz Created by
Jmcnair
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