Enteric Flagellates, Coccidia And Hemoflagellates
Enteric flagella , hemoflagellates and coccidia review
- 1.
The Subphylum Apicomplexa contains a huge array of parasitic organisms sometimes referred to as sporozoans. Gametogeny is on of the reproductive processes exhibited by these parasites. The reproductive process that immediately follows gametogeny is ______ and in the case of malarial parasites this process occurs ________.
- A.
Schizogony/ in erythrocytes of mammalian intermediate host
- B.
Endodyogeny/ in erythrocytes of the mammalian intermediate host
- C.
Merogony/ on the outside of the stomach of the arthropod definitive host
- D.
Sporogony/ in macrophages of the mammalian intermediate host
- E.
Sporogony. on the outside of the stomach of the arthropod definitive host
Correct Answer
A. Schizogony/ in erythrocytes of mammalian intermediate hostExplanation
After gametogeny, the reproductive process that occurs in the Subphylum Apicomplexa parasites is schizogony. This process takes place in the erythrocytes of the mammalian intermediate host. This is particularly true for malarial parasites, where schizogony occurs in the red blood cells of the mammalian host. During schizogony, the parasite undergoes multiple rounds of asexual reproduction, resulting in the production of numerous daughter cells called merozoites. These merozoites are then released into the bloodstream to infect more red blood cells and continue the life cycle of the parasite.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Balantidium coli observed in stained fecal smears are easily distinguished from protozoa of other subphyla by the presence of _______ and _________.
- A.
Numerous conspicious cilia/ a kidney shaped macronucleus
- B.
The large thick-walled cyst stage/ an undulating membrane
- C.
Cilia covering the entire body/ a kidney-shaped micronucleus
- D.
Psuedopodia/ a vesicular nucleus
- E.
A kidney shaped macronucleus/ its extremely small size
Correct Answer
A. Numerous conspicious cilia/ a kidney shaped macronucleusExplanation
Balantidium coli can be distinguished from other protozoa by the presence of numerous conspicuous cilia and a kidney-shaped macronucleus. Cilia are hair-like structures that help with movement and feeding, and the presence of numerous cilia is a characteristic feature of Balantidium coli. The kidney-shaped macronucleus is another distinguishing feature of Balantidium coli, which is a large nucleus involved in controlling cellular functions. Therefore, the combination of numerous conspicuous cilia and a kidney-shaped macronucleus is unique to Balantidium coli and helps in its identification.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The statement, ___________, accurately applies to the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and the bovine parasite Tritrichomonas foetus.
- A.
All trichomonad species use arthropods as intermediate hosts
- B.
All trichomonads species have direct life cycles and some are sexually transmitted
- C.
Some trichomonad species have indirect life cycles and reproduce by binary fission
- D.
Trichomonad species sexually reproduce in their intermediate hosts
- E.
Some trichomonad species have direct life cycles and reproduce by schizogony
Correct Answer
D. Trichomonad species sexually reproduce in their intermediate hostsExplanation
The statement that trichomonad species sexually reproduce in their intermediate hosts accurately applies to the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and the bovine parasite Tritrichomonas foetus. This means that these species of trichomonads engage in sexual reproduction while inside their intermediate hosts. This is in contrast to other trichomonad species that may have different modes of reproduction, such as binary fission or schizogony.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Birds become infected with the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis by _________.
- A.
Ingestion of infected chicken livers
- B.
Ingestion of larvated eggs of Heterakis gallinarum in which the larvae are infected with the protozoan
- C.
Ingestion of earthworms acting as a transport or paratenic hosts for protozoan-infected Heterakis gallinarum
- D.
Answers a, b, and c are all correct, making d the answer
- E.
Only answers b and c are correct, making e the answer
Correct Answer
C. Ingestion of earthworms acting as a transport or paratenic hosts for protozoan-infected Heterakis gallinarumExplanation
Birds become infected with the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis by ingesting earthworms that act as a transport or paratenic hosts for the protozoan-infected Heterakis gallinarum. Earthworms serve as intermediate hosts for the parasite, allowing it to be transmitted to birds when they consume the infected earthworms. This mode of transmission is an important factor in the spread of the parasite among bird populations.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Of the hemoflagellates listed below, only ____________ is transmitted in the contaminated feces of infected arthropod vector (stercorarian transmission) subsequent introduction of parasites to mucous membranes or skin abrasions.
- A.
Trypanosoma cruzi
- B.
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- C.
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
- D.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
- E.
Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer
E. Leishmania donovaniExplanation
Leishmania donovani is the correct answer because it is the only hemoflagellate listed that is transmitted through stercorarian transmission, which involves the contaminated feces of an infected arthropod vector being introduced to mucous membranes or skin abrasions. The other options listed, including Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma rhodesiense, and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, are transmitted through different modes such as through insect bites or blood transfusions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The life cycle of he enteric amebas Entamoeba histolytica is characterized as being ___________.
- A.
Indirect utilizing an arthropod intermediate host
- B.
Indirect by ingestion of contaminated water
- C.
Indirect and/or utilizing a paratenic host
- D.
Direct within a protective cyst
- E.
Direct as a trophozoite
Correct Answer
B. Indirect by ingestion of contaminated waterExplanation
The correct answer is "indirect by ingestion of contaminated water." This means that the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica involves an indirect transmission route, where the parasite is ingested through contaminated water. This is a common mode of transmission for many waterborne parasites.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Of the parasites in the following list only ____________ is not a member of the Subphylum Apicomplexa?
- A.
Babesia canis
- B.
Plasmodium vivax
- C.
Toxoplasma gondii
- D.
Trypanosoma evansi
- E.
Cryptosporidium parva
Correct Answer
E. Cryptosporidium parvaExplanation
Cryptosporidium parva is not a member of the Subphylum Apicomplexa because it belongs to the Phylum Apicomplexa, not the Subphylum Apicomplexa. The other parasites listed, Babesia canis, Plasmodium vivax, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma evansi, are all members of the Subphylum Apicomplexa.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Balantidium coli has limited veterinary medical importance, however, it sometimes produces clinical disease in _______ and ______.
- A.
Cats/ dogs
- B.
Pigs/ cats
- C.
Horses/ dogs
- D.
Snakes/ fish
- E.
Dogs/ pigs
Correct Answer
E. Dogs/ pigsExplanation
Balantidium coli is a parasitic protozoan that typically has limited veterinary medical importance. However, in some cases, it can cause clinical disease in dogs and pigs. This means that dogs and pigs can be affected by this parasite and may experience symptoms or health issues as a result. The other options listed do not accurately reflect the potential clinical disease caused by Balantidium coli.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted by ____________ and _________?
- A.
Ingestion of a sporulated oocyst/ ingestion of tachyzoites in animal tissues
- B.
Ingestion of tachyzoites in animal tissue/ transplacental transfer to a fetus
- C.
Ingestion of bradyzoites ("cysts") in animal tissues/ ingestion of a sporulated oocyst
- D.
Transplacental transfer to a fetus/ ingestion of bradyzoites ("cysts") in animal tissue
- E.
All the above are correct, making "e" the answer
Correct Answer
D. Transplacental transfer to a fetus/ ingestion of bradyzoites ("cysts") in animal tissueExplanation
Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted through transplacental transfer to a fetus, meaning that the parasite can pass from an infected mother to her unborn child. Additionally, ingestion of bradyzoites ("cysts") in animal tissue is another mode of transmission. This occurs when an individual consumes the tissue of an infected animal containing the dormant form of the parasite. Both of these modes of transmission are correct and therefore the answer is "e", all of the above.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Sarcocystis have an obligatory two-host life cycle with carnivores serving as the definitive host. In this type of coccidian the tissue stages infective for the definitive host are found in the _____________ of the intermediate host.
- A.
Intestinal mucosa
- B.
Feces
- C.
Muscles
- D.
All the above are correct, making "d" the answer
- E.
None of the above is correct, making "e" the answer
Correct Answer
E. None of the above is correct, making "e" the answerExplanation
Sarcocystis is a type of coccidian parasite that has an obligatory two-host life cycle. In this life cycle, carnivores serve as the definitive host. The tissue stages that are infective for the definitive host are not found in the intestinal mucosa, feces, or muscles of the intermediate host. Therefore, none of the options provided (a, b, or c) are correct, making option "e" the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The pathologic conditions caused by Sarcocystic neurona, causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), are related to ________________.
- A.
The presence of the oocysts in neurologic tissues
- B.
Localized inflammatory reactions around cysts containing bradyzoites in the brain and/or spinal cord
- C.
Sarcocysts in striated muscles
- D.
Toxins produced by oocysts in the intestinal epithelium
- E.
Localized inflammatory reactions around oocysts in the spinal cord
Correct Answer
C. Sarcocysts in striated musclesExplanation
The pathologic conditions caused by Sarcocystic neurona, causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), are related to the presence of sarcocysts in striated muscles. This means that the protozoa form cysts in the muscles of the infected horse, leading to the development of EPM. These cysts can cause inflammation and damage to the muscles, nerves, and surrounding tissues, resulting in the neurological symptoms seen in affected horses.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Hepatozoon americanum differs from other tick-borne protozoal diseases studied in that ___________.
- A.
It is found only in dogs from Oklahoma
- B.
It is transovarially transmitted within the tick
- C.
Tick transmission is strictly mechanical
- D.
The trophozoites are transmitted in the saliva of infected ticks
- E.
Infection is initiated in dogs by ingestion of a tick containing oocysts and sporozoites
Correct Answer
E. Infection is initiated in dogs by ingestion of a tick containing oocysts and sporozoitesExplanation
Hepatozoon americanum differs from other tick-borne protozoal diseases studied because its infection is initiated in dogs by ingestion of a tick containing oocysts and sporozoites. In other tick-borne diseases, the transmission may occur through tick bites or tick saliva, but in the case of Hepatozoon americanum, the dog becomes infected by consuming a tick that already contains the infectious stages of the parasite. This unique mode of transmission sets it apart from other tick-borne protozoal diseases.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Apicomplexan parasites that only infect the erythrocytes of mammalian hosts are ____________.
- A.
Babesia
- B.
Theileria
- C.
Plasmodium
- D.
Haemoproteus
- E.
Cytauxzoon
Correct Answer
A. BabesiaExplanation
Babesia is the correct answer because it is an apicomplexan parasite that specifically infects the erythrocytes of mammalian hosts. This parasite is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks and causes a disease known as babesiosis. It is commonly found in animals such as cattle, horses, and dogs, but can also infect humans. Babesia invades and replicates within the red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, anemia, and jaundice. Therefore, Babesia fits the description of an apicomplexan parasite that exclusively infects mammalian erythrocytes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Two genera of enteric protozoa of the Subphylum Sarcomastigophora diagnosed by finding cyst stages in smears of formed fecal stools are __________ and ___________.
- A.
Entamoeba/ Tritrichomonas
- B.
Giardia/ Trichomonas
- C.
Giardia/ Entamoeba
- D.
Trichomonas/ Naegleria
- E.
Isospora/ Trichomonas
Correct Answer
C. Giardia/ EntamoebaExplanation
The correct answer is Giardia/ Entamoeba because both Giardia and Entamoeba are genera of enteric protozoa that can be diagnosed by finding cyst stages in smears of formed fecal stools. These two genera are commonly associated with gastrointestinal infections in humans.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The statement that "all are _____________" is true for all species of Babesia?
- A.
Transmitted by ingestion of ticks
- B.
Extraerythrocytic parasites
- C.
Transovarially transmitted in ticks
- D.
All the above are correct
- E.
None of the above are correct
Correct Answer
E. None of the above are correct -
- 16.
What is the vector for Texas cattle fever caused by Babesia bigemina?
- A.
Mosquitoes
- B.
Ticks
- C.
Lice
- D.
Flies
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. TicksExplanation
Ticks are the vector for Texas cattle fever caused by Babesia bigemina. Ticks are known to transmit the parasite from infected cattle to healthy ones, leading to the spread of the disease. Mosquitoes, lice, flies, and none of the above are not responsible for transmitting Babesia bigemina, making ticks the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In diagnosis of Ehrlichia ewingii in dogs one finds ___________ in _________ in examination of stained blood films.
- A.
Piroplasms/ erythrocytes
- B.
Morulae/ platelets
- C.
Morulae/ granulocytic leukocytes
- D.
Morulae/ agranulocytic leukocytes
- E.
Meronts/ muscle cells
Correct Answer
C. Morulae/ granulocytic leukocytesExplanation
In the diagnosis of Ehrlichia ewingii in dogs, one would find morulae in granulocytic leukocytes in examination of stained blood films. Morulae are clusters of bacteria within the white blood cells, specifically the granulocytic leukocytes. This finding is characteristic of Ehrlichia ewingii infection in dogs.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Ticks do not transmit ____________ to dogs?
- A.
Rickettsia rickettsii
- B.
Trypanosoma cruzi
- C.
Babesia canis
- D.
Borrelia burgdorferi
- E.
Ehrlichia canis
Correct Answer
B. Trypanosoma cruziExplanation
Ticks do not transmit Trypanosoma cruzi to dogs. Trypanosoma cruzi is the parasite that causes Chagas disease, which is primarily transmitted by the triatomine bug, also known as the "kissing bug." Ticks are not known to transmit this particular parasite.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The rickettsial agent for which an effective vaccine was developed at Oklahoma State University is _______.
- A.
Anaplasma marginale
- B.
Ehrilchia canis
- C.
Ehrlichia ewingii
- D.
Cowdria ruminatum
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Anaplasma marginaleExplanation
Anaplasma marginale is the correct answer because an effective vaccine was developed at Oklahoma State University specifically for this rickettsial agent. The other options, Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and Cowdria ruminatum, do not have a mention of a vaccine being developed for them at Oklahoma State University. Therefore, the correct answer is Anaplasma marginale.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Neorickettsia helminthoeca, the cause of "salmon poisoning disease" in dogs, is transmitted by the digean trematode, __________, that uses __________ as an intermediate host.
- A.
Echinostoma revolutum/ a fish
- B.
Nanophyetus/ a fish
- C.
Alaria marcianae/ a frog
- D.
Eurytrema pancreaticum/ an arthropod
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. NanopHyetus/ a fishExplanation
Nanophyetus, a digean trematode, is the intermediate host for Neorickettsia helminthoeca, the cause of "salmon poisoning disease" in dogs. This means that the parasite infects and develops within Nanophyetus before being transmitted to dogs. The fish acts as a reservoir for the parasite, allowing it to complete its life cycle and infect dogs when they consume infected fish.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Anaplasma marginale is a rickettsial agent found in ____________ of cattle and uses __________ as biological vectors.
- A.
Erythrocytes/ black flies
- B.
Erythrocytes/ horse flies
- C.
Lymphocytes/ ixodid ticks
- D.
Erythrocytes/ hard ticks
- E.
Lymphocytes/ horse flies
Correct Answer
D. Erythrocytes/ hard ticksExplanation
Anaplasma marginale is a rickettsial agent that is found in the erythrocytes (red blood cells) of cattle. It uses hard ticks as biological vectors, meaning that the ticks transmit the bacteria from one host to another. The bacteria infect the erythrocytes of the cattle, causing a disease known as anaplasmosis. This explanation aligns with the given answer choice of "erythrocytes/ hard ticks."Rate this question:
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- 22.
Human babesiosis, caused by Babesia microtti, is transmitted by a tick belonging to the genus _______ which also transmits a spirochete called ______________.
- A.
Ixodes/ Borrelia recurrentis
- B.
Ixodes/ Borrelia burgdorferi
- C.
Rhipicephalus/ Borrella recurrentis
- D.
Rhipicephalus/ Borelia burgdorferi
- E.
Dermacentor/ Borrelia recurrentis
Correct Answer
B. Ixodes/ Borrelia burgdorferiExplanation
Human babesiosis, caused by Babesia microtti, is transmitted by a tick belonging to the genus Ixodes. This tick also transmits a spirochete called Borrelia burgdorferi.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The parasites in the Subphylum Sarcomastigophora that infect the large intestines of dogs are _________ and ___________.
- A.
Amebas/ trichomonads
- B.
Amebas/ ciliates
- C.
Ciliates/ trichomonads
- D.
Ciliates/ trichomonads
- E.
Ciliates/ Giardia
Correct Answer
A. Amebas/ trichomonadsExplanation
The correct answer is amebas/ trichomonads. Amebas and trichomonads are both types of parasites in the Subphylum Sarcomastigophora that can infect the large intestines of dogs. These parasites can cause various gastrointestinal issues and can be transmitted through contaminated food or water.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Flagellated protozoa of the genus Tritrichomonas are characterized by
- A.
An undulating membrane and three anterior flagella
- B.
An undulating membrane and a single anterior flagellum
- C.
No undulating membrane and three anterior flagella
- D.
No undulating membrane and a single anterior flagellum
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. An undulating membrane and three anterior flagellaExplanation
Flagellated protozoa of the genus Tritrichomonas are characterized by an undulating membrane and three anterior flagella. This means that these organisms have a membrane that moves in a wave-like motion and three flagella located at the front end of the cell. The presence of an undulating membrane and three anterior flagella is a specific characteristic of Tritrichomonas, distinguishing it from other flagellated protozoa.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The hemoflagellate _________ is transmitted in the feces (stercorarian) of its intermediate host, the ____________.
- A.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/ tsetse fly
- B.
Trypanosoma brucei brucei/ horse fly
- C.
Trypanosoma cruiz/ kissing bug
- D.
Leishmania/ sandfly
- E.
Trypanosoma lewisi/ flea
Correct Answer
C. Trypanosoma cruiz/ kissing bugExplanation
Trypanosoma cruiz is transmitted in the feces of its intermediate host, the kissing bug. This means that when the kissing bug feeds on the blood of a human or animal, it defecates, and the Trypanosoma cruiz parasites are present in its feces. If the feces come into contact with a wound, mucous membranes, or are accidentally ingested, the parasites can enter the body and cause the disease known as Chagas disease.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted by which of the following methods?
- A.
Ingestion of a sporulated oocyst
- B.
Transplacental transfer of tachyzoites during an acute infection
- C.
Ingestion of bradyzoites ("cysts") in animal tissue
- D.
All of the above are correct
- E.
Only a and b are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correctExplanation
Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted through various methods. One way is through the ingestion of a sporulated oocyst, which is the infective form of the parasite found in cat feces. Another method is through transplacental transfer of tachyzoites, which are the rapidly multiplying form of the parasite, from an infected mother to her fetus during an acute infection. Lastly, ingestion of bradyzoites, which are the dormant form of the parasite found in animal tissue, can also lead to transmission. Therefore, all of the methods mentioned (ingestion of a sporulated oocyst, transplacental transfer of tachyzoites, and ingestion of bradyzoites in animal tissue) can transmit Toxoplasma gondii.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The life cycle of Hepatozoon americanum differs from other tick-borne diseases in that
- A.
The parasite is found only in Oklahoma
- B.
Infection is initiated when infected ticks containing oocysts are ingested by the dog host
- C.
Transmission is strictly mechanical
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Infection is initiated when infected ticks containing oocysts are ingested by the dog hostExplanation
The correct answer is "infection is initiated when infected ticks containing oocysts are ingested by the dog host." This means that the life cycle of Hepatozoon americanum is different from other tick-borne diseases because the infection starts when ticks that have oocysts (a stage in the parasite's life cycle) are ingested by dogs. In other tick-borne diseases, the infection may occur through different means or stages of the tick's life cycle.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 30, 2010Quiz Created by
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