Exam 3 Unit 4 From Study Guide.

The correct answer is "Ask, advise, refer." This sequence of steps is recommended when approaching a smoker. First, you ask them about their smoking habits and if they are interested in quitting. Then, you advise them on the health risks associated with smoking and the benefits of quitting. Finally, you refer them to appropriate resources or support services that can help them quit smoking. This approach is respectful, informative, and supportive in helping smokers make informed decisions about their health.

The above is the exact description for postpartum depression.

The Nursing Diagnosis of greatest concern when dealing with a patient suffering from MDD and BiPolar disorder is "Risk for suicide." Patients with these disorders are at a higher risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors due to the nature of their mental health conditions. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to closely monitor and assess these patients for any signs of suicidal ideation or intent, and to implement appropriate interventions to ensure their safety and well-being.

All antidepressive drugs need to be tapered when stopping them.

One dose of cocaine can indeed lead to dependence. Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that affects the brain's reward system, leading to a strong desire for continued use. Even a single use can trigger intense cravings and a cycle of addiction. The powerful effects of cocaine on the brain can quickly lead to dependence, where the individual feels the need to use the drug regularly to function normally. This dependence can have severe consequences on a person's physical and mental health, as well as their relationships and overall well-being.

Affect is an Objective presentation of ones mood. It is the outward expression of mood.

SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are a type of antidepressant medication that is considered the safest and has the lowest amount of side effects compared to other classes of antidepressants such as MAOI's (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) and TCA's (Tricyclic Antidepressants). SSRI's are commonly prescribed for conditions like depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, which helps improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. While they can still have side effects like headaches, insomnia, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction, they are generally better tolerated and have a lower risk of severe side effects compared to other antidepressant classes.

The given information suggests that the patient displays symptoms of being talkative, easily distracted, and wearing brightly colored clothing, which are consistent with symptoms of mania. Additionally, the fact that the patient comes from a well-to-do family suggests that she may have access to resources that could contribute to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania and depression, and the symptoms described align more closely with mania rather than major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymic disorder. Therefore, bipolar disorder is the most likely mood disorder suspected in this case.

Lithium is very specific by manufacture and changing brands can have a significant impact on the lithium level.
Also take lithium with food and any theraputic effect draws should be conducted 12 hours after last dose.

These are signs of a person planning and deciding to attempt suicide.

Alcohol is considered the most commonly abused drug due to its wide availability, social acceptance, and legal status. It is easily accessible and often consumed in excessive amounts, leading to various health and social problems. Alcohol abuse can result in addiction, liver damage, impaired judgment, and increased risk of accidents and violence. It is important to note that while other drugs such as cocaine, meth, and marijuana are also abused, alcohol surpasses them in terms of overall prevalence and societal impact.

Many depressive patients also engage in substance abuse, such as alcohol and drugs, as a form of self-medication or to cope with their symptoms. Substance abuse can provide temporary relief or numbness, but it ultimately exacerbates the depressive symptoms and can lead to a vicious cycle of worsening mental health. Therefore, it is true that 50% of all depressive patients also abuse substances.

SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are a type of medication commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression and anxiety. It is true that the side effects of SSRIs are often most pronounced in the first week of treatment and tend to improve over time. This is because it takes some time for the body to adjust to the medication, and as it does, the side effects typically become less severe. It is important for patients to communicate any concerns or persistent side effects with their healthcare provider to ensure the appropriate management of their medication.

Paresuicied includes all activities related to suicide up to completion of suicied.

When a person is tolerant they need increased doses to achieve the same effect.

Hallucinogens are a type of drug that can cause flashbacks and mystical experiences. These drugs, such as LSD or magic mushrooms, alter perception and can lead to hallucinations, sensory distortions, and a distorted sense of time. Flashbacks are spontaneous recurrences of the drug's effects, even after the drug has worn off. These experiences can be intense and may include vivid visual imagery, spiritual or mystical feelings, and a sense of connection to the universe. Therefore, hallucinogens are commonly associated with flashbacks and mystical experiences.

Learned helplessness is the theory that a person has no control over outcomes and everything that happens negative is that persons fault anyway.

MDD typically have a lower income/social status. Bipolar disease typically affects the higher social classes.

The given answer is true because it outlines the correct steps to follow if you suspect a nurse is abusing medications. Clear documentation of dates, times, events, and consequences is important to have evidence of the suspected abuse. Reporting these facts to the nurse manager allows them to gather the necessary information and take it to nursing administration for further action. Following these steps ensures that the issue is properly addressed and investigated.

Alcohol withdrawal delirium refers to the more severe signs that occur 48-72 hours after stopping alcohol consumption and can last for 2-3 days. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, agitation, and tremors. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires medical intervention. Dependence, on the other hand, refers to a state where a person relies on alcohol to function normally and experiences withdrawal symptoms when they stop drinking.

The peak age for substance abuse is commonly considered to be between 18-20 years old. This is because during this period, individuals are often transitioning from adolescence to adulthood, facing new challenges and increased independence. Factors such as peer pressure, stress, and curiosity can contribute to experimentation with drugs and alcohol. Additionally, this age range coincides with major life changes such as starting college or entering the workforce, which can further influence substance abuse patterns. Therefore, it is true that the peak age for substance abuse is 18-20.

Hysteria and nervousness are indeed common signs of depressant withdrawal at 3 days out. This means that individuals who have been using depressants and suddenly stop may experience these symptoms as their body adjusts to the absence of the substance. These signs can be distressing and may require medical support to manage effectively.

Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil), and Sertraline (Zoloft) are all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These medications are commonly prescribed to treat depression and anxiety disorders by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Amatriptyline (Elavil), on the other hand, is a tricyclic antidepressant and does not belong to the SSRI class.

Dysthymic disorder effects the above but the person is able to function in both settings MDD limits function within the two. IE missed work and canceled public outings.

Withdrawal symptoms such as depression, paranoia, lethargy, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and chills are commonly associated with cocaine withdrawal. These symptoms occur when a person stops using cocaine after prolonged and heavy use. Cocaine is a stimulant drug that increases energy, alertness, and euphoria. When the drug is no longer present in the body, the opposite effects are experienced, leading to withdrawal symptoms.

The clients signs and symptoms are typical of MDD. He also reports no Mania which would rule out Bipolar Disorder.

Family History and prevoius bouts of depression are the two greatest risk factors. Females between the ages of 15 and 40 have twice the ocurrance of depression then males of the same age and depression ocurrs in all ages.

All of these activities are means of helping a client with MDD.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA's) are known to have anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation. They are also associated with weight gain, which can lead to noncompliance. TCA's are typically started at a low dose and gradually increased to minimize side effects. They are often given at night due to their sedative effects and to help minimize other potential side effects.

Tyramine increases the cardiogenic side effects of MAOI's. Increase in tyramine can lead to hypertensive crisis, CVA, Hemorrage and MI. Monitor BP often on this drug.
Red wine, aged cheese (includes cheddar), beer, caffeine, yogurt, sour cream, soy sauce etc.

Cocaine is a stimulant.

Symptoms such as "shakey inside", hyper alertness, easily startled, irritability, and jerky movements are indicative of alcohol withdrawal in the first 48 hours. Alcohol withdrawal occurs when an individual who is dependent on alcohol suddenly stops or reduces their alcohol consumption. These symptoms are a result of the body's reaction to the absence of alcohol, and they can range from mild to severe. It is important to seek medical attention when experiencing alcohol withdrawal symptoms, as they can be potentially dangerous and require proper management.

Just the opposite. One way to remember this is that if a persons sympathetic nervous system is stimulated they need to see better for fight or flight. Stimulants mimic the sympathetic nervous system.

All are signs of alcohol withdrawal delusions accept the temp will rise to 100-103f.

The given statement is true because bipolar disorder typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, with the average age of onset being in the late teens to early twenties. This age range is considered the median age for bipolar disorder. However, it is important to note that bipolar disorder can also develop earlier or later in life, so this age range is not definitive for everyone.

The signs and symptoms of depressant withdrawal within the first 24 hours include watery eyes, sneezing, yawning, and sweating. These symptoms are commonly experienced during withdrawal from depressant substances such as alcohol or sedatives. Watery eyes and sneezing can be a result of the body's attempt to eliminate toxins, while yawning and sweating are often associated with the body's efforts to regulate its temperature and cope with the withdrawal process. These symptoms may vary in intensity and duration depending on the individual and the specific substance being withdrawn from.