1.
Heart sounds are produced by
Correct Answer
C. Valves
Explanation
Heart sounds are produced by valves. The heart has four valves - the tricuspid valve, the pulmonary valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve. These valves open and close to allow blood to flow through the heart in one direction. When the valves close, they produce the characteristic "lub-dub" sounds of the heart. The first sound, "lub," is produced when the tricuspid and mitral valves close, and the second sound, "dub," is produced when the pulmonary and aortic valves close. Thus, the valves play a crucial role in producing the heart sounds.
2.
Heart Sound S1 is best heard at the
Correct Answer
C. Left fifth intercostal place (at the apex)
Explanation
The correct answer is the left fifth intercostal place (at the apex) because the first heart sound (S1) is the sound produced by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves during ventricular systole. This sound is loudest at the apex of the heart, which is located at the left fifth intercostal space.
3.
The middle layer of the heart is called
Correct Answer
B. Myocardium
Explanation
The middle layer of the heart is called the myocardium. This layer is made up of cardiac muscle tissue and is responsible for the contraction of the heart, which allows it to pump blood throughout the body. The myocardium is thicker in the left ventricle, as it needs to generate more force to pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
4.
The part of a syringe that shows measurements in cc or ml is called the:
Correct Answer
B. Barrel
Explanation
The part of a syringe that shows measurements in cc or ml is called the barrel. The barrel is a cylindrical tube that holds the medication and has markings to indicate the volume of the medication being administered. It is the main body of the syringe and is usually made of transparent material to allow for easy visualization of the medication and measurement markings. The barrel is an essential component of the syringe as it allows for accurate measurement and administration of medication.
5.
Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system?
Correct Answer
D. Small intestine
Explanation
The small intestine is an organ of the digestive system. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption in the body. It receives partially digested food from the stomach and further breaks it down using enzymes and bile. The inner walls of the small intestine are lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption. The nutrients are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the rest of the body for energy and growth.
6.
While selecting a vein for venipuncture you feel a distinct pulse. What you are feeling is a/an
Correct Answer
D. Artery
Explanation
When selecting a vein for venipuncture, feeling a distinct pulse indicates that what you are feeling is an artery. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, and they have a strong pulse due to the forceful pumping of blood by the heart. In contrast, veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and typically do not have a strong pulse. Therefore, feeling a pulse suggests that the vessel is an artery rather than a vein.
7.
The blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart are called:
Correct Answer
D. Arteries
Explanation
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. They have thick, elastic walls that help them withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart. Arteries branch out into smaller vessels called arterioles, which further divide into capillaries. Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and body tissues. After the exchange, deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart by veins. Therefore, arteries are the correct answer as they specifically carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
8.
In the lungs, the blood vessels pick up oxygen and get rid of:
Correct Answer
B. Carbon dioxide
Explanation
In the lungs, the blood vessels pick up oxygen from the air we breathe in and release carbon dioxide, which is a waste product produced by our cells during cellular respiration. Oxygen is necessary for the cells to function properly, and carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be removed from the body. Therefore, the blood vessels in the lungs help in the exchange of gases, picking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.
9.
The largest artery that carries blood to all that parts of the body from the left side of the heart is called:
Correct Answer
B. Aorta
Explanation
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of the body. It branches out into smaller arteries that supply blood to various organs and tissues. The vena cava, on the other hand, is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck, while the mesenteric artery supplies blood to the intestines. Therefore, the correct answer is Aorta.
10.
Blood from the pulmonary vein returns to the:
Correct Answer
B. Left atrium
Explanation
The correct answer is left atrium. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Specifically, they deliver the blood to the left atrium, which is one of the four chambers of the heart. From the left atrium, the blood is then pumped into the left ventricle and eventually circulated to the rest of the body.
11.
The blood from the heart travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen through the :
Correct Answer
A. Pulmonary arteries
Explanation
The blood from the heart travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen through the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where it gets oxygenated and returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body through the systemic circulation. The subclavian arteries supply blood to the upper limbs, while the cardiac arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself.
12.
The two upper chamber of the heart are called:
Correct Answer
B. Atria
Explanation
The two upper chambers of the heart are called atria. The atria receive blood returning to the heart from the body and lungs. They then contract to push the blood into the lower chambers of the heart called ventricles. The ventricles then pump the blood out to the rest of the body. The atria are smaller and have thinner walls compared to the ventricles, as their main function is to receive and store blood rather than pumping it out forcefully.
13.
Butterfly needles are used to collect specimens from
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Butterfly needles are used to collect specimens from difficult veins, hand veins, and small veins. These needles are designed with a small gauge and a winged infusion set, making them ideal for accessing veins that are hard to find or access. They are commonly used in situations where standard venipuncture techniques may be challenging, such as in pediatric or geriatric patients, or in patients with fragile or small veins. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as butterfly needles can be used for collecting specimens from any of these types of veins.
14.
The best anticoagulant for collecting for a glucose determination is
Correct Answer
D. Sodium fluoride
Explanation
Sodium fluoride is the best anticoagulant for collecting blood samples for glucose determination because it inhibits the enzyme that breaks down glucose in the blood, called glycolysis. By inhibiting glycolysis, sodium fluoride prevents the decrease in glucose levels that would occur during sample storage, ensuring accurate glucose measurements.
15.
This test is collected in a light blue top tube.
Correct Answer
C. Prothrobin time
Explanation
The given statement states that the test is collected in a light blue top tube. Prothrombin time is a test that measures how long it takes for blood to clot. This test is commonly collected in a light blue top tube, as it requires the use of an anticoagulant called sodium citrate. The anticoagulant prevents the blood from clotting during the collection process, allowing accurate measurement of the clotting time. Therefore, the correct answer is Prothrombin time.
16.
A butterfly is a(n):
Correct Answer
C. Needle with wings for drawing difficult patients
Explanation
The correct answer is "Needle with wings for drawing difficult patients". This answer implies that a butterfly is a type of needle that has wings, which helps in drawing blood from patients who are difficult to access. The wings provide stability and control during the procedure.
17.
This complication results from repeated venipuncture of the same vein:
Correct Answer
D. pHlebitis
Explanation
Phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein caused by repeated venipuncture, which is the puncture of a vein for blood sampling or intravenous therapy. This repeated trauma to the vein can lead to irritation and inflammation, causing phlebitis. Symptoms of phlebitis include pain, redness, and swelling around the affected area. It is important to avoid repeated venipuncture of the same vein to prevent the development of phlebitis.
18.
A red top vacuum tube contains:
Correct Answer
C. No anticoagulant
Explanation
The red top vacuum tube does not contain any anticoagulant. Anticoagulants are substances that prevent blood from clotting, and their absence in the tube suggests that the blood sample collected in this tube will not be prevented from clotting. This type of tube is commonly used for collecting serum samples, as the clotting process allows for the separation of serum from the blood cells.
19.
Blood returning from the body is delivered to the right side of the heart through the:
Correct Answer
C. Inferior & Superior Vena cava
Explanation
The correct answer is the Inferior & Superior Vena cava. The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body regions, while the superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body regions. Both veins deliver this deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart. From the right atrium, the blood is then pumped into the right ventricle and eventually to the lungs for oxygenation. The portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive system to the liver, and the coronary vein carries deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle itself. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body.
20.
A cheerful, pleasant bedside manner and exchange of small talk help to:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
A cheerful, pleasant bedside manner and exchange of small talk can divert attention from any discomfort associated with a draw, gain a patient's trust, and put the patient at ease. This approach helps create a positive and comfortable environment for the patient, making them feel more relaxed and confident in the healthcare provider's abilities. By addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of the patient's experience, it enhances their overall satisfaction and improves the quality of care provided.
21.
A patient was rushed to the emergency room because of dehydration due to severe vomiting. The ER physician orders a test for STAT Electrolytes. which of the following tubes would the phlebototmist use to do the collection:
Correct Answer
A. Green top tube
Explanation
The green top tube would be used for the collection of blood in this scenario. This is because the patient is experiencing dehydration due to severe vomiting, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances. The green top tube contains the anticoagulant heparin, which prevents clotting and allows for the accurate measurement of electrolyte levels in the blood.
22.
A tourniquet should be fairly tight on the patients' arm and remain in place:
Correct Answer
C. No longer then 1 minutes
Explanation
A tourniquet should be fairly tight on the patients' arm and remain in place for no longer than 1 minute. This is because keeping the tourniquet on for too long can lead to complications such as tissue damage, nerve injury, and blood clot formation. It is important to release the tourniquet after a maximum of 1 minute to restore blood flow and prevent any potential harm to the patient.
23.
Which of the following should be fairly tight on the patients' arm and remain in place:
Correct Answer
E. 1 and 3
Explanation
Both mastectomy and having IV's in both arms require a secure and tight bandage to remain in place. After a mastectomy, it is important to apply pressure and support to the surgical site to prevent bleeding and promote healing. Similarly, when a patient has IV's in both arms, the bandages need to be tight to prevent the IV lines from getting dislodged or causing any leakage. Therefore, options 1 and 3 should be fairly tight on the patients' arm and remain in place.
24.
Collection of blood in the tissues is called
Correct Answer
B. Hematoma
Explanation
Hematoma is the correct answer because it refers to the collection of blood in the tissues. Hemoconcentration refers to an increase in the concentration of blood cells and other components, not the collection of blood in tissues. Hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells. "None of the above" is not the correct answer because hematoma is the appropriate term for the given description.
25.
Which of the following should be avoided when selecting a venipuncture site:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
All of the above options should be avoided when selecting a venipuncture site. Using a previous site within 24 hours of IV removal can lead to complications such as hematoma or infection. Choosing an arm that has a Heplock in the wrist area can cause discomfort and increase the risk of complications during the procedure. Similarly, selecting an arm with an arteriovenous shunt in the forearm can disrupt the function of the shunt and potentially harm the patient. Therefore, it is best to avoid all of these options when choosing a venipuncture site.
26.
Needle are color coded according to their
Correct Answer
C. Gauge
Explanation
Needles are color coded according to their gauge. Gauge refers to the thickness or diameter of the needle. Different medical procedures require needles of different gauges, as it determines the flow rate and the amount of discomfort experienced by the patient. Therefore, color coding the needles based on their gauge helps healthcare professionals easily identify and select the appropriate needle for a specific procedure, ensuring patient safety and comfort.
27.
DNR means
Correct Answer
B. Do not resuscitate
Explanation
The correct answer is "Do not resuscitate". DNR stands for "Do not resuscitate" and it is a medical order that instructs healthcare providers not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event that a patient's heart stops beating or they stop breathing. This decision is usually made when a patient's condition is terminal or they have expressed their wish to not be resuscitated. It is important for healthcare providers to respect and follow this order to ensure that the patient's wishes are honored.
28.
A blood specimen maybe rejected because
Correct Answer
D. 1 and 2
Explanation
The correct answer is 1 and 2. A blood specimen may be rejected if the name on the specimen does not match the request form, as this can lead to confusion and potential mislabeling. Additionally, if the blood was drawn into an incorrect tube, such as EDTA instead of Sodium Citrate, it may not be suitable for the intended testing and therefore would be rejected.
29.
Which one of the following places isn't acceptable as a skin puncture site
Correct Answer
D. Inner arm
Explanation
The inner arm is not an acceptable site for skin puncture because it contains major blood vessels and nerves. Puncturing this area can cause excessive bleeding and potential damage to underlying structures. The heel, finger, and ear lobe are commonly used as skin puncture sites because they have a good blood supply and are easily accessible for sampling.
30.
Red - top tube are also called "plain tubes" blood collected in these tubes are allowed to clot by normal coagulation process which will take how long:
Correct Answer
B. 30 - 60 minutes
Explanation
The red-top tubes, also known as plain tubes, are used to collect blood samples that need to clot through the normal coagulation process. This clotting process usually takes between 30 to 60 minutes. During this time, the blood sample forms a solid clot, which can then be separated from the serum. This clotting time is important for certain laboratory tests that require serum or plasma samples.
31.
One of the main advantages of a of a syringe over a vacutainer needle is:
Correct Answer
D. It does not collapse fragile veins
Explanation
The advantage of a syringe over a vacutainer needle is that it does not collapse fragile veins. This means that when drawing blood, the syringe is less likely to cause damage or collapse the veins, making it a safer option for individuals with fragile or delicate veins.
32.
Which set of tests must often be transported to the laboratory on Ice to preserve the dissolved gases?
Correct Answer
C. Arteries Blood Gases
Explanation
The set of tests that must often be transported to the laboratory on ice to preserve dissolved gases is Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs). ABG samples are sensitive to temperature changes and require proper handling to ensure accurate results. Transporting these samples on ice helps maintain a low temperature, which minimizes the loss of dissolved gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and preserves the integrity of the sample for analysis. This is crucial for accurate assessment of a patient's acid-base balance and respiratory function.
33.
Which one of the following needle gauges has the smallest lumen?
Correct Answer
C. 21 gauge
Explanation
The smaller the gauge number, the larger the lumen of the needle. Therefore, out of the given options, the 21 gauge needle has the smallest lumen.
34.
The heel of the infant should not be pricked in the middle for withdrawing blood because of danger of causing
Correct Answer
B. Osteomyelitis
Explanation
The heel of an infant should not be pricked in the middle for withdrawing blood because it can lead to the development of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that can occur when bacteria enters the bone through an open wound or puncture. Pricking the heel in the middle can create a pathway for bacteria to enter the bone, increasing the risk of developing osteomyelitis.
35.
For routine phlebotomy the swab, which is used to clean the site, is moistened with
Correct Answer
C. 70% Isopropyl Alcohol
Explanation
The correct answer is 70% Isopropyl Alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is commonly used as an antiseptic to clean the site before phlebotomy procedures. It helps to kill bacteria and reduce the risk of infection. The concentration of 70% isopropyl alcohol is considered effective for this purpose as it provides a balance between being strong enough to kill bacteria and not causing excessive skin irritation.
36.
The following test orders for different patients have been received in the lab at the same time. Which test would be collected first?
Correct Answer
B. Stat cardiac enzymes in the ER
Explanation
The test for Stat cardiac enzymes in the ER would be collected first because it is labeled as "Stat," indicating that it needs to be done immediately. This test is likely ordered for a patient who is experiencing a cardiac emergency, and obtaining the results quickly is crucial for their treatment. The other tests listed are labeled as routine or ASAP, suggesting that they are not as urgent as the Stat cardiac enzymes test.
37.
Blood cultures are taken to determine
Correct Answer
B. The presence of microorganisms in the blood
Explanation
Blood cultures are taken to determine the presence of microorganisms in the blood. This is done to diagnose and monitor bloodstream infections, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. By culturing a sample of blood, healthcare providers can identify the specific microorganism causing the infection and determine the appropriate treatment, such as antibiotics or antifungal medications. Blood cultures are an important diagnostic tool in identifying and managing bloodstream infections, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.
38.
An example of a test that is commonly ordered fasting is:
Correct Answer
C. Glucose
Explanation
Glucose is commonly ordered as a fasting test because it provides an accurate measure of a person's blood sugar levels after an overnight fast. Fasting is necessary to ensure that the glucose levels are not influenced by recent food intake, as eating can cause a temporary increase in blood sugar levels. By ordering glucose as a fasting test, healthcare professionals can obtain a baseline measurement of blood sugar levels and accurately diagnose conditions such as diabetes or monitor the effectiveness of diabetes treatments.
39.
Which of the following veins in the arms is most subjected to venipuncture:
Correct Answer
B. Median Cubital vein
Explanation
The median cubital vein is most subjected to venipuncture because it is a superficial vein that is large and easily accessible. It is located in the middle of the arm, in the antecubital fossa, and is commonly used for blood draws and IV insertions. Its size and location make it an ideal choice for venipuncture procedures.
40.
You are the only phlebotomist on the night shift. You receive orders for all the following tests within minutes of one another. Which test has the greatest collection priority?
Correct Answer
C. STAT electrolytes in the ER
Explanation
The test with the greatest collection priority is the STAT electrolytes in the ER. This is because the term "STAT" indicates that the test needs to be performed immediately, suggesting that there is an urgent medical situation in the ER that requires immediate attention. As the only phlebotomist on the night shift, it is crucial to prioritize this test to ensure timely and efficient patient care.
41.
The "Good Samaritan law" encourages health care professionals to:
Correct Answer
B. Provide medical care with the scope of their training at the scene of an accident without fear of being sued.
Explanation
The "Good Samaritan law" encourages health care professionals to provide medical care with the scope of their training at the scene of an accident without fear of being sued. This law is in place to protect healthcare professionals from legal liability when they provide emergency medical assistance in good faith. It allows them to use their skills and knowledge to help save lives or prevent further harm without worrying about potential lawsuits. This encourages healthcare professionals to step in and provide immediate care in emergency situations, knowing that they will be protected by law.
42.
The most frequent occurring Laboratory nosocomial infection
Correct Answer
C. HCV
Explanation
HCV stands for Hepatitis C Virus, which is a common cause of nosocomial infections in laboratory settings. This virus is transmitted through blood and body fluids, and can be easily spread in healthcare settings through contaminated needles or other medical equipment. HCV can cause chronic liver disease and is a significant public health concern. Therefore, it is the most frequent occurring laboratory nosocomial infection.
43.
Which of the following is NOT a reason to avoid an area of the arm to perform a Venipuncture?
Correct Answer
A. Obesity
Explanation
Obesity is not a reason to avoid an area of the arm to perform a Venipuncture because it does not directly impact the ability to access the veins. Despite the increased adipose tissue in obese individuals, the veins can still be located and accessed for blood collection. However, obesity may make it slightly more challenging to locate and palpate the veins, but it does not make it impossible or a reason to avoid the arm for Venipuncture.