Finals - Management 1

The company applied motivation to the employees. This is evident from the statement that Mr. Dela Cruz is a model employee because of his hard work, dedication, and loyalty. The company rewards their employees with better benefits and incentives, which motivates them to work harder. The lower turnover rate also suggests that employees are motivated to stay with the company.

When employees are given the opportunity to participate in decision-making regarding their jobs, they become personally involved in the tasks they are assigned. This involvement often continues until the tasks are completed. By involving employees in decision-making, they feel a sense of ownership and responsibility, which in turn motivates them to perform their job duties effectively. This approach, known as motivating through employee participation, recognizes the importance of empowering employees and valuing their input in order to enhance their motivation and job satisfaction.

The correct answer is Expectancy Theory. Expectancy Theory is a motivation model that suggests that individuals are motivated to work based on their perception of the probability that their expectations will be met. This theory posits that individuals will be more motivated to exert effort if they believe that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes or rewards. It emphasizes the importance of three key factors: expectancy (belief that effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (belief that performance will lead to desired outcomes), and valence (value placed on those outcomes).

Autocratic leaders are those who make decisions without consulting their subordinates. They have complete control and authority over the decision-making process and do not involve others in the decision-making process. They tend to have a top-down approach and believe in their own expertise and judgment. This leadership style can be effective in certain situations where quick decisions need to be made, but it can also lead to a lack of employee engagement and creativity.

The correct answer is worker attendance because performance objectives and standards that are expressed in terms and rates of absences are directly related to monitoring and evaluating worker attendance. By setting specific targets for attendance, organizations can ensure that employees are present and productive, which ultimately contributes to overall performance and productivity. Monitoring worker attendance allows organizations to identify any patterns of absenteeism and take appropriate actions to address them, such as implementing attendance policies or providing support for employees who may be facing challenges in attending work regularly.

A leader who openly invites his subordinates to participate or share in decision-making, policy making, and operation methods is a participative leader. This type of leader values input and involvement from their team members, allowing them to contribute their ideas and perspectives. By involving others in the decision-making process, this leader promotes collaboration, empowerment, and a sense of ownership among the team members. This approach can lead to increased motivation, creativity, and satisfaction among the subordinates, as they feel valued and included in the decision-making process.

Controlling refers to the process of monitoring and evaluating organizational performance to ensure that objectives are being achieved. It involves comparing actual results with planned objectives, identifying any deviations or discrepancies, and taking corrective actions to bring performance back on track. Controlling also involves analyzing the reasons for any shortfalls in performance and making necessary adjustments to improve future outcomes. This process helps organizations to maintain efficiency, effectiveness, and alignment with their goals and objectives.

Human skills refer to the ability of a leader to interact effectively with people both within and outside the organization. This includes the ability to communicate, collaborate, motivate, and build relationships with individuals and groups. Leaders with strong human skills are able to understand and empathize with others, resolve conflicts, and create a positive and inclusive work environment. These skills are crucial for building strong teams, fostering cooperation, and achieving organizational goals through effective interpersonal relationships.

Marketing is the correct answer because it refers to the activities and processes involved in promoting, selling, and distributing goods and services. It includes market research, advertising, pricing, and sales strategies, all aimed at reaching and satisfying customers' needs and wants. Marketing plays a crucial role in facilitating and expediting the selling of goods and services by creating awareness, generating demand, and persuading customers to make a purchase.

Abraham Maslow, a famous psychologist, is known for his theory on human needs. According to Maslow, human beings have five needs that are essential for their well-being and personal growth. These needs include physiological needs (such as food, water, and shelter), security needs (such as safety and stability), social needs (such as love and belonging), esteem needs (such as recognition and respect), and self-actualization needs (such as realizing one's full potential). Maslow's theory has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and has helped shape our understanding of human motivation and behavior.

The financial function is an important management activity that involves the acquisition and management of funds. This function is responsible for ensuring that the organization has enough financial resources to support its operations and achieve its goals. It includes activities such as budgeting, financial planning, fundraising, and financial reporting. By effectively managing funds, the financial function helps to ensure the financial stability and success of the organization.

Operations management is the correct answer because it involves the process of planning, organizing, staffing, communicating, motivating, leading, and controlling operations to achieve objectives effectively and efficiently. It encompasses the management of resources, both human and material, to ensure smooth and productive operations within an organization. This includes overseeing production processes, supply chain management, quality control, and other operational activities to optimize performance and achieve organizational goals.

The term "Product" refers to a tangible or intangible item and its ability to fulfill a specific need. This includes physical goods, services, or even ideas that are offered in the market to satisfy customers' requirements. A product can be anything that is capable of providing value and addressing a particular demand or want.

Reward power refers to the ability of a person to give rewards or incentives to individuals who follow their orders or requests. This power is derived from the person's position or authority to distribute rewards such as promotions, bonuses, or recognition. It is a form of influence where individuals are motivated to comply with the person's requests in order to receive the promised rewards. Reward power can be an effective tool for motivating and encouraging desired behaviors within an organization or social setting.

Advertising is a paid message that appears in the mass media for the purpose of informing or persuading people about particular products, services, or institutions. This form of communication is typically used by companies and organizations to promote their offerings and create awareness among the target audience. Through advertising, businesses can reach a wide range of potential customers and convey their key messages effectively. It involves the use of various channels such as television, radio, print media, online platforms, and outdoor advertising to reach the desired audience and achieve specific marketing objectives.

Performance appraisal is a process used by organizations to evaluate and assess the performance of their employees. It involves reviewing an employee's job performance, skills, strengths, weaknesses, and providing feedback on areas that need improvement. The purpose of performance appraisal is to identify areas of development and provide employees with guidance and recommendations on how to enhance their job performance in the future. This helps employees understand their strengths and weaknesses and enables them to make necessary adjustments to improve their performance.

The correct answer is Place. In the context of the question, the idea of branching out a company and franchising are both strategies used to expand the reach of a business and make their products or services available in different locations. Place refers to the distribution channels and locations where the company's products or services are made accessible to customers. In this case, branching out and franchising allow fast food chains like Jollibee and McDonald's to establish their presence in different places globally, making their products available to a wider customer base.

When employees feel that they have the required skill and training to perform a task, they become more motivated. This is because they have confidence in their abilities and believe that they can successfully complete the task. When individuals are self-confident in carrying out a task, they are more likely to be motivated to take on challenges and put in the effort required to achieve their goals. This self-assurance boosts their overall motivation and drive to succeed.

Sales promotion refers to any paid attempt to communicate with the customer other than advertising, publicity, or personal selling. It includes activities such as discounts, coupons, contests, giveaways, and loyalty programs that are designed to stimulate sales and attract customers. Sales promotion is a key element of the promotional mix and is used to create immediate customer response and increase sales in a short period of time.

Yes, advances from customers can be considered as a source of funds for a firm. When customers make advance payments for products or services, the firm receives cash in advance, which can be used to fund its operations, invest in new projects, or cover any financial needs. These advances can be seen as a form of financing since they provide immediate cash inflow to the firm. Therefore, it is correct to say that advances from customers can be a source of funds for a firm.

The term "risk" refers to the possibility or chance that a company may face negative consequences or be adversely affected when selecting a specific source of financing. This implies that there is an inherent uncertainty or potential for loss associated with the chosen financing option. It is important for companies to carefully assess and manage these risks in order to make informed financial decisions.

Promotion refers to the activity involved in communicating information between a seller and potential buyer to influence their attitude and behavior. This can include various marketing techniques such as advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, and public relations. The goal of promotion is to create awareness about a product or service, generate interest, and ultimately persuade customers to make a purchase.

A job shop is a type of production system where the production is based on sales orders for a variety of small lots. In a job shop, each order is unique and requires specific customization or specialized skills to complete. This type of production is commonly found in industries such as custom manufacturing, repair shops, and small-scale production. Unlike batch flow or assembly line production, a job shop focuses on flexibility and customization rather than mass production of standardized products.

The correct answer is "Production target" because it is a performance objective and standard that is expressed in quantity and quality. A production target sets a specific goal for the quantity and quality of goods or services that need to be produced within a given timeframe. This objective helps to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of the production process and allows for evaluation and improvement of performance.

Conceptual skills refer to the ability of a leader to think in abstract terms and understand how different parts of a situation or problem fit together to form a whole. This involves being able to analyze complex situations, identify patterns and trends, and develop innovative solutions. Leaders with strong conceptual skills are able to see the big picture and think strategically, which is essential for making informed decisions and setting long-term goals. These skills are particularly important in leadership roles that involve managing and coordinating multiple teams or departments, as they enable leaders to effectively navigate and integrate different perspectives and ideas.

Policies refer to the framework within which the objectives of the organization must be pursued. Policies are guidelines or rules that guide decision-making and actions within an organization. They provide a set of principles or standards that help to ensure consistency and fairness in how the organization operates. Policies help to define the boundaries and expectations for employees and provide a framework for making decisions that align with the overall goals and objectives of the organization.

Risk management is an organized strategy for protecting and conserving assets and people. It involves identifying, assessing, and prioritizing potential risks, and implementing measures to mitigate or minimize them. By effectively managing risks, organizations can reduce the likelihood of negative events occurring and the impact they may have on their assets and people. This includes implementing safety protocols, insurance coverage, contingency plans, and monitoring systems to identify and address potential risks in a proactive manner.

Motivation through job design refers to the technique of increasing an individual's motivation by assigning them a job that aligns with their interests and preferences. When a person is given a job they enjoy, they are more likely to be highly motivated and engaged in their work. This approach recognizes the importance of job satisfaction and the impact it has on an individual's motivation levels. By designing jobs to match employees' skills and interests, organizations can enhance motivation and productivity.

Personal selling refers to the process of engaging in a conversation with potential buyers with the aim of persuading them to make a purchase. Unlike advertising, which involves mass communication through various media channels, personal selling is a direct and interactive form of communication. It allows salespeople to understand the specific needs and preferences of individual buyers and tailor their sales pitch accordingly. This face-to-face interaction enables the salesperson to build relationships, address objections, and provide personalized solutions, ultimately increasing the chances of making a sale.

Performance objectives and standards that are expressed in quantity of monetary terms refer to specific goals set for sales targets. These targets are typically measured in terms of monetary value, such as revenue or profit. Sales targets help organizations track and evaluate the performance of their sales team and determine their success in generating revenue. By setting specific sales targets, organizations can motivate their sales force and align their efforts towards achieving the desired financial outcomes.

Leading is the management function that involves influencing others to engage in the work behaviors necessary to reach organizational goals. This function includes providing guidance, direction, and inspiration to employees, as well as effectively communicating the vision and goals of the organization. Through leading, managers are able to motivate and inspire their team members to work towards the common objectives, ensuring that everyone is aligned and working together to achieve success.

Statistical reports are the correct answer because they provide data on various developments within the firm. These reports typically include information on sales, production, financial performance, and other key metrics. By analyzing statistical reports, management can gain insights into the company's performance, identify trends, and make informed decisions. These reports are crucial for monitoring progress, evaluating strategies, and identifying areas for improvement within the organization.

When business firms extend credits to customers, it means that they allow customers to make purchases on credit and pay at a later date. When these credits are settled, it can be considered a source of funds for the business. This is because the settled credits result in an inflow of cash into the business, which can be used for various purposes such as investment, expansion, or meeting financial obligations. Therefore, the statement "True" indicates that the settlement of credits from customers is indeed considered a source of funds for the business.

Motivating through rewards refers to providing material and psychological benefits to employees for performing tasks. This can include monetary incentives, bonuses, promotions, recognition, and other forms of rewards that motivate employees to work harder and achieve better results. By offering rewards, employers create a positive work environment and encourage employees to stay motivated and engaged in their tasks. This approach recognizes the importance of acknowledging and appreciating employees' efforts, which in turn boosts their job satisfaction and productivity.

When people enjoy what they are doing, they are more likely to have a willingness to do the job. This means that they are enthusiastic, eager, and motivated to complete their tasks and produce the expected output. Their passion for their work drives them to put in the necessary effort and go above and beyond to achieve success. This willingness stems from their genuine interest and enjoyment in their work, which fuels their motivation and dedication.

Publicity refers to the promotional tool that involves the publication of news or information about a product, service, or idea on behalf of a sponsor. Unlike advertising, which requires payment from the sponsor, publicity is not paid for by the sponsor. It is a form of earned media, where the sponsor's message is disseminated through various media channels without direct financial compensation. Publicity can help generate awareness, credibility, and visibility for the sponsor's offerings through editorial coverage, news stories, press releases, and other non-paid promotional methods.

Technical skills are the specialized knowledge required to perform a job. These skills are specific to a particular field or industry and involve the ability to use tools, software, equipment, or techniques necessary for the job. Technical skills can include proficiency in programming languages, operating machinery, data analysis, or any other specific expertise needed to carry out the tasks of a job effectively.

Feedback control is undertaken when information is gathered about a completed activity for the purpose of evaluating and deriving required steps for improving the activity. Feedback control involves the process of receiving information or input about the results of a completed activity and using that information to make adjustments or improvements in future activities. It helps in identifying any deviations or discrepancies from the desired outcome and taking corrective actions to ensure better performance in the future.

Free-rein leaders are those who set objectives for their employees or subordinates and give them the freedom to determine how to achieve those objectives. These leaders trust their team members to make decisions and take responsibility for their actions. They provide minimal guidance and control, allowing individuals to work independently and use their own judgment. This leadership style can foster creativity, innovation, and autonomy within the team.

The correct answer is "Manufacturing process". This is because the manufacturing process refers to the process of making products either by hand or using machinery. It involves various steps such as designing, prototyping, production, and quality control. This process is commonly used in industries such as automotive, electronics, and textiles, where products are mass-produced. On the other hand, service processes involve providing intangible services to customers, while packing processes specifically focus on the packaging of products for shipment or sale.

Cash sales refers to the revenue generated from the direct sale of goods or services for cash. This source of fund is considered as a primary source of income for many businesses. When customers make purchases and pay in cash, the cash received immediately becomes available for the company to use for various purposes such as paying expenses, investing in new assets, or repaying loans. Cash sales are a reliable and immediate way to generate funds, as the company does not have to wait for accounts receivables to be collected or rely on external sources like loans or credits.

Borrowing can indeed be a source of funds for firms when other sources of financing are insufficient. When firms need additional capital to support their operations, expand their business, or invest in new projects, they may choose to borrow money from banks, financial institutions, or other lenders. This borrowed money can then be used to meet their financial needs and fund their activities. Therefore, the statement "Borrowing can be a source of funds for firms" is true.

When companies produce in either low or high volumes and not all procedures are performed on all products, the most suitable manufacturing process is batch flow. In batch flow, products are grouped into batches based on similarities in design or production requirements. Each batch goes through a series of operations or procedures together before moving on to the next batch. This allows for efficient use of resources and equipment, as well as flexibility in handling a variety of products with different requirements.

Concurrent control is the correct answer because it refers to the process of monitoring and adjusting ongoing operations to ensure that they are in line with planned objectives. In this context, when measures to detect variances are made while operations are already in progress, it implies that there is a simultaneous control mechanism in place to monitor and make necessary adjustments in real-time. This helps to ensure that any deviations from the planned objectives are identified and addressed promptly, allowing for better management and control of the ongoing operations.

Referent power refers to the ability of a person to influence others because they are admired, respected, or liked by them. In this scenario, the person is able to gain compliance from another individual because the latter wants to be identified or associated with the former. This suggests that the person possesses referent power, as their influence is based on the desire of others to be connected to them.

The Mayor possesses the leadership quality of personal integrity. Personal integrity refers to having strong moral and ethical principles and consistently acting in accordance with them. In this scenario, the Mayor rejects the special gift and instead chooses to follow the legal process of awarding the rightful bidder. This demonstrates that the Mayor values honesty and fairness over personal gain, showcasing personal integrity as a leadership quality.

The correct answer is "Service process". Service processes refer to the provision of services to individuals either manually or using machinery. This can include a wide range of activities such as customer support, healthcare services, hospitality, and transportation. Unlike manufacturing processes that involve the production of goods, service processes focus on delivering intangible services to meet the needs and demands of customers.

Operations refer to any process that accepts inputs and uses resources to change those inputs in useful ways. This can include activities such as manufacturing, production, distribution, and service delivery. Operations management is the field that focuses on overseeing and optimizing these processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. Transformation, in this context, refers to the conversion of inputs into outputs through various operational activities.

Legitimate power is the correct answer because it refers to the authority that a supervisor holds over their subordinates based on their position or role within the organization. This power is derived from the formal hierarchy and the supervisor's ability to enforce rules and make decisions that affect the workers in their unit.

The correct answer is "Price" because the question is asking about the technique of giving periodic discounts to customers, which is related to the pricing strategy. This strategy involves adjusting the price of a product or service to attract customers and increase sales. In this case, the department stores are offering discounts during special occasions to incentivize customers to shop and take advantage of the lower prices.